Robinson D. Becoming a Translator. An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Translation
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Becoming a Translator
Second Edition
"Absolutely up-to-date and state of the art in the practical as well as theoretical aspect of
translation, this new edition of Becoming a Translator retains the strength of the first edition
while offering new sections on current issues. Bright, lively and witty, the book is filled with
entertaining and thoughtful examples; I would recommend it to teachers offering courses
to beginning and advanced students, and to any translator who wishes to know where the
field is today."
Malcolm Hayward, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, USA
"A very useful book ... I would recommend it to students who aim at a career in translation
as a valuable introduction to the profession and an initiation into the social and transactional
skills which it requires."
Mike Routledge, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK
Fusing theory with advice and information about the practicalities of translating, Becoming
a Translator is the essential resource for novice and practising translators. The book explains
how the market works, helps translators learn how to translate faster and more accurately,
as well as providing invaluable advice and tips about how to deal with potential problems
such as stress.
The second edition has been revised and updated throughout, offering:
• a "useful contacts" section
• new exercises and examples
• new e-mail exchanges to show how translators have dealt with a range of real problems
• updated further reading sections
• extensive up-to-date information about new translation technologies.
Offering suggestions for discussion, activities, and hints for the teaching of translation, the
second edition of Becoming a Translator remains invaluable for students on and teachers of
courses in translation, as well as for professional translators and scholars of translation and
language.
Douglas Robinson is Professor of English at the University of Mississippi, USA. His
publications include Performative Linguistics (Routledge, 2003), The Translator's Turn, and
Western Translation Theory from Herodotus to Nietzsche.
Becoming a Translator
An Introduction to the
Theory and Practice of Translation
Second Edition
Douglas Robinson
|3 Routledge
jjj^ Taylor Si Francis Group
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 1997 by Routledge
Reprinted 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
Second edition first published 2003 bv Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX 14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Reprinted 2006, 2007
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor ^Francis Group, an injorma business
© 1997, 2003 Doug Robinson
Typeset in Perpetua and Futura by
Keystroke, Jacaranda Lodge, Wolverhampton
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,
or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 978-0^1-15-30032-2 (hbk)
ISBN 978-0^-15-30033-9 (pbk)
Contents
List of figures xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Introduction 1
1 External knowledge: the user's view 5
Internal and external knowledge 6
Reliability 7
Textual reliability 7
The translator's reliability 11
Timeliness 13
Cost 17
Trade-offs 17
Discussion 19
Exercises 20
Suggestions for further reading 20
2 Internal knowledge: the translator's view 21
Who are translators? 22
Professional pride 24
Reliability 24
Involvement in the profession 25
Ethics 25
Income 28
Speed 28
Translation memory software 31
Project management 32
vi Contents
Raising the status of the profession 33
Enjoyment 33
Discussion 40
Exercises 44
Suggestions for further reading 45
3 The translator as learner 47
The translator's intelligence 49
The translator's memory 50
Representational and procedural memory 51
Intellectual and emotional memory 52
Context, relevance, multiple encoding 53
The translator's learning styles 55
Context 51
Field-dependent/independent 57
Flexible/structured environment 60
Independence /dependence /interdependence 61
Relationship-/content-driven 62
Input 63
Visual 63
Auditory 64
Kinesthetic 66
Processing 68
Contextual-global 68
Sequential-detailed/linear 69
Conceptual (abstract) 70
Concrete (objects and feelings) 70
Response 71
Externally /internally referenced 71
Matching/mismatching 73
Impulsive-experimental/analytical-reflective 74
Discussion 75
Exercises 76
Suggestions for further reading 81
4 The process of translation 83
The shuttle: experience and habit 84
Charles Sanders Peirce on instinct, experience, and habit 86
Abduction, induction, deduction 87
Karl Weick on enactment, selection, and retention 88
The process of translation 90
Discussion 95
Exercises 95
SuggestionsJorfurther reading 95
5 Experience
What experience? 98
Intuitive leaps (abduction) 100
Pattern-building (induction) 105
Rules and theories (deduction) 106
Discussion 109
Exercises 109
Suggestions Jor further reading 110
6 People
The meaning of a word 112
Experiencing people 113
First impressions (abduction) 115
Deeper acquaintance (induction) 116
Psychology (deduction) 122
Discussion 124
Exercises 124
Suggestions for further reading 126
7 Working people
A new look at terminology 128
Faking it (abduction) 128
Working (induction) 131
Terminology studies (deduction) 135
Discussion 138
Activities 138
Exercises 138
Suggestions for further reading 140
viii Contents
8 Languages 141
Translation and linguistics 142
What could that be? (abduction) 143
Doing things with words (induction) 146
The translator and speech-act theory (deduction) 148
Discussion 152
Exercises 152
Suggestions for further reading 158
9 Social networks 159
The translator as social being 160
Pretending (abduction) 161
Pretending to be a translator 161
Pretending to be a source-language reader and target-language writer 164
Pretending to belong to a language-use community 165
Learning to be a translator (induction) 168
Teaching and theorizing translation as a social activity (deduction) 170
Discussion 1 76
Exercises 177
Suggestions for further reading 183
10 Cultures 185
Cultural knowledge 186
Self-projection into the foreign (abduction) 189
Immersion in cultures (induction) 192
Intercultural awareness (deduction) 194
Discussion 200
Exercises 200
Suggestions for further reading 205
11 When habit fails 207
The importance of analysis 208
The reticular activation system: alarm bells 210
Checking the rules (deduction) 213
Checking synonyms, alternatives (induction) 219
Picking the rendition that feels right (abduction) 220
Contents ix
Discussion 221
Exercise 221
Suggestions JorJurther reading 222
Appendix: Translation-related resources 223
Appendix Jor teachers 241
Works cited 287
Index 297