Ісакова Н.П. Історія України в схемах і таблицях

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²ñàêîâà Í.Ï., Êðîïèâêî Î.Ì., Ïàëàìàð÷óê Í.².

²ÑÒÎÐ²ß ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ

(â ñõåìàõ ³ òàáëèöÿõ)

Ðåêîìåíäîâàíî Ì³í³ñòåðñòâîì îñâ³òè ³ íàóêè Óêðà¿íè

ÿê íàâ÷àëüíèé ïîñ³áíèê

äëÿ ñòóäåíò³â âèùèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàä³â

III-IV ð³âí³â àêðåäèòàö³¿

Êè¿â

“Àãðàðíà îñâ³òà”

2005

ÓÄÊ 94 (477) (075)

²89

ÁÁÊ 63.3

²ñàêîâà Í.Ï., Êðîïèâêî Î.Ì., Ïàëàìàð÷óê Í.². ²ñòîð³ÿ Óêðà¿íè (â ñõå-

ìàõ ³ òàáëèöÿõ): Íàâ÷àëüíèé ïîñ³áíèê. – Ê.: Àãðàðíà îñâ³òà, 2005. –

204 ñ.

Ðåöåíçåíòè: Ï.Ï. Ïàí÷åíêî, äîêòîð ³ñòîðè÷íèõ íàóê, ïðîôåñîð, â³öå-

ïðåçèäåíò Óêðà¿íñüêî¿ àêàäåì³¿ ³ñòîðè÷íèõ íàóê;

Ì.Þ. Êîçèöüêèé, äîêòîð ³ñòîðè÷íèõ íàóê, ïðîôåñîð

Êè¿âñüêîãî íàö³îíàëüíîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó ³ì. Ò.Ã. Øåâ÷åíêî

Ñ.À. Ñèðîâàòñüêèé, êàíäèäàò ³ñòîðè÷íèõ íàóê, äîöåíò

Íàö³îíàëüíîãî àãðàðíîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó

Ðåäàêòîðè: Ë.Ì. Òàëþòà,

Í.Â. Êðîøêî

Ó íàâ÷àëüíîìó ïîñ³áíèêó âïåðøå âèêëàäåííÿ íàâ÷àëüíîãî

ìàòåð³àëó ç äèñöèïë³íè “²ñòîð³ÿ Óêðà¿íè” ïîâí³ñòþ ïîäàíî ó âèãëÿä³

ñòðóêòóðíî-ëîã³÷íèõ ñõåì, òàáëèöü, ãðàô³ê³â òà ðèñóíê³â ³ç

óðàõóâàííÿì âèìîã êðåäèòíî-ìîäóëüíî¿ ñèñòåìè íàâ÷àííÿ. Çà

ñòðóêòóðîþ ïîñ³áíèê ìàº ÷îòèðè ðîçä³ëè: ñòàðîäàâíÿ,

ñåðåäíüîâ³÷íà, íîâà òà íîâ³òíÿ ³ñòîð³ÿ Óêðà¿íè.

Ñèñòåìàòè÷íî ³ ïîñë³äîâíî âèêëàäåíî ð³çí³ àñïåêòè ïîë³òè÷íîãî,

åêîíîì³÷íîãî, àãðàðíîãî, åòíîñîö³àëüíîãî æèòòÿ óêðà¿íñüêîãî

íàðîäó. Îñîáëèâó óâàãó ïðèä³ëåíî ïðîáëåìàì äåðæàâîòâîðåííÿ íà

òåðåíàõ Óêðà¿íè, ³ñòîð³îñîôñüêèì êîíöåïö³ÿì ôîðìóâàííÿ òà

ðîçâèòêó óêðà¿íñüêîãî åòíîñó, ïðîáëåìàì åòíîãåíåçó, ðîçâèòêó

àãðàðíèõ â³äíîñèí. Ïîñ³áíèê ïîáóäîâàíèé çà ïðîáëåìíèì

ïðèíöèïîì.

Äëÿ íàóêîâö³â, âèêëàäà÷³â òà ñòóäåíò³â âèùèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàä³â

²²²-²V ð³âí³â àêðåäèòàö³¿. Ìîæå áóòè êîðèñíèì â÷èòåëÿì, àá³òóð³ºíòàì,

ó÷íÿì ë³öå¿â, ã³ìíàç³é òà òèì, õòî ö³êàâèòüñÿ ïèòàííÿìè óêðà¿íñüêî¿

³ñòîð³¿.

ÁÁÊ 63.3

Í.². Ïàëàìàð÷óê, 2005

Ãðèô íàäàíî Ì³í³ñòåðñòâîì

îñâ³òè ³ íàóêè Óêðà¿íè (ëèñò â³ä

23.06.2004 ¹14/18.2-1424)

²89

ÇÌ²ÑÒ

ÂÑÒÓÏ..................................................................................................11

Ñó÷àñíà Óêðà¿íà....................................................................12

Äæåðåëà, ìåòîäîëîã³÷í³ ïðèíöèïè, ìåòîäè âèâ÷åííÿ ³ñòîð³¿ Óêðà¿íè..13

Ïåð³îäèçàö³ÿ ³ñòîð³¿ Óêðà¿íè .....................................................14

Ð³âåíü åâîëþö³¿ ³ñòîðè÷íî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ óêðà¿íö³â .............................15

1. ÑÒÀÐÎÄÀÂÍß ²ÑÒÎÐ²ß ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ..................................................16

1.1. Ïåðâ³ñíå ñóñï³ëüñòâî ³ ïåðø³ äåðæàâí³ óòâîðåííÿ íà òåðèòîð³¿

Óêðà¿íè

....................................................................................16

1.1.1. Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ â íàéäàâí³ø³ ÷àñè.............................................16

1.1.2. Òðèï³ëüñüêà êóëüòóðà òà ¿¿ õàðàêòåðí³ îçíàêè................................17

1.1.3. Äåðæàâí³ îá’ºäíàííÿ ê³ììåð³éö³â, òàâð³â, ñê³ô³â, ñàðìàò³â..............18

1.1.4. Ïðè÷èíè àíòè÷íî¿ êîëîí³çàö³¿ çåìåëü Ï³âí³÷íîãî Ïðè÷îðíîìîð’ÿ ......19

1.1.5. Àíòè÷í³ ì³ñòà-äåðæàâè íà òåðèòîð³¿ Óêðà¿íè ................................20

1.1.6. Â³ä ñêëàâèí³â äî óêðà¿íñüêî¿ íàö³¿...............................................21

1.2. Ñõ³äí³ ñëîâ’ÿíè.........................................................................22

1.2.1. Ïðîáëåìà åòíîãåíåçó ñëîâ’ÿí..................................................22

1.2.2. Òåîð³¿ ïîõîäæåííÿ ñëîâ’ÿí òà âèçíà÷åííÿ ñëîâ’ÿíñüêî¿

ïðàáàòüê³âùèíè .....................................................................23

1.2.3. Ðîçñåëåííÿ ñëîâ’ÿí................................................................24

1.2.4. Åòàïè åòíîãåíåçó ñëîâ’ÿí òà óòâîðåííÿ ñõ³äíî¿ ã³ëêè ñëîâ’ÿíñòâà ......25

1.2.5. Ñõ³äí³ ñëîâ’ÿíè ó V – IX ñò. .....................................................26

1.2.6. Ãîñïîäàðñòâî òà ñóñï³ëüí³ â³äíîñèíè ñõ³äíèõ ñëîâ’ÿí ......................27

1.2.7. Ñõ³äíîñëîâ’ÿíñüê³ ïëåìåíà ó ²Õ-Õñò. ..........................................28

2. ÑÅÐÅÄÍÜÎÂ²×ÍÀ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ ..........................................................29

2.1. Çàðîäæåííÿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ äåðæàâíîñò³. Êè¿âñüêà Ðóñü

...............29

2.1.1. Ôîðìóâàííÿ ñõ³äíîñëîâ’ÿíñüêî¿ äåðæàâè â Ñåð. Ïîäí³ïðîâ’¿. .........29

2.1.2. Òåîð³¿ ïîõîäæåííÿ Êè¿âñüêî¿ Ðóñ³...............................................30

2.1.3. Ïåð³îäèçàö³ÿ ³ñòîð³¿ Êè¿âñüêî¿ Ðóñ³..............................................31

2.1.4. Êè¿âñüêà Ðóñü: çàãàëüíà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà, ³ñòîðè÷íå çíà÷åííÿ ...........32

2.1.5. Äåðæàâíèé óñòð³é Êè¿âñüêî¿ Ðóñ³................................................33

2.1.6. Ñîö³àëüíà ñòðóêòóðà Êè¿âñüêî¿ Ðóñ³ ............................................34

2.1.7. Çàïðîâàäæåííÿ õðèñòèÿíñòâà íà Ðóñ³ òà éîãî ³ñòîðè÷íå çíà÷åííÿ . 35

2.1.8. Åêîíîì³÷íèé ðîçâèòîê Êè¿âñüêî¿ Ðóñ³ ...................................... 36

2.1.9. Ïîë³òè÷íà ðîçäðîáëåí³ñòü Êè¿âñüêî¿ Ðóñ³ ................................. 37

2.1.10. Çåìëåâîëîä³ííÿ â Êè¿âñüê³é Ðóñ³ ............................................ 38

2.1.11. Ïðîöåñè åòí³÷íî¿ ³íòåãðàö³¿ â Êè¿âñüê³é Ðóñ³ òà ¿õ îö³íêà â

³ñòîðè÷í³é ë³òåðàòóð³........................................................... 39

2.1.12. Âåðñ³¿ óêðà¿íîãåíåçó........................................................... 40

2.1.13. Ôàçè ðîçâèòêó óêðà¿íñüêîãî íàðîäó ...................................... 41

2.1.13. Ôàçè ðîçâèòêó óêðà¿íñüêîãî íàðîäó (ïðîäîâæåííÿ).................. 42

2.2. Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà – ñïàäêîºìèöÿ Êè¿âñüêî¿ Ðóñ³ 43

2.2.1. Ïåðåäóìîâè îá’ºäíàííÿ Ãàëèöüêîãî òà Âîëèíñüêîãî êíÿç³âñòâ â

ºäèíó äåðæàâó ................................................................. 43

2.2.2. Óòâîðåííÿ, ï³äíåñåííÿ òà çàíåïàä Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêî¿ äåðæàâè . 44

2.2.3. Ïîë³òè÷íèé ðîçâèòîê Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêî¿ äåðæàâè ................... 45

2.2.4. Äàíèëî Ãàëèöüêèé: äåðæàâíà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü .................................. 46

2.2.5. Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüê³ êíÿç³ ..................................................... 47

2.3. Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ ó ñêëàä³ Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî òà

³íøèõ äåðæàâ

....................................................................... 48

2.3.1 Ëèòîâñüêèé ïåð³îä óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ³ñòîð³¿ (1340-1569 ðð.)................ 48

2.3.2 Ëèòîâñüêî-ðóñüê³ êíÿç³........................................................ 49

2.3.3 Àãðàðíà ðåôîðìà 1557 ð. .................................................. 50

2.3.4 Ñîö³àëüíà ñòðóêòóðà ñóñï³ëüñòâà Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà

Ëèòîâñüêîãî â XIV – ñåð. XVI ñò........................................... 51

2.3.5 Êàòåãîð³¿ óêðà¿íñüêîãî ñåëÿíñòâà â XIV – ñåð. XV² ñò................. 52

2.3.6 Ïîâèííîñò³ óêðà¿íñüêîãî ñåëÿíñòâà â äð. ïîë. XIII – XV ñò. ......... 53

2.3.7 Ïîëüñüêî-ëèòîâñüê³ óí³¿ Õ²V-XV ñò. ........................................ 54

2.3.8 Ñòàíîâèùå óêðà¿íñüêîãî ñåëÿíñòâà â ëèòîâñüêî-ïîëüñüêó äîáó.... 55

3. ÍÎÂÀ ²ÑÒÎÐ²ß ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ .......................................................... 56

3.1. Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ ó ñêëàä³ Ðå÷³ Ïîñïîëèòî¿ (äðóãà ïîëîâèíà

XVI – ïåðøà ïîëîâèíà XVII ñò.). Ëþáë³íñüêà óí³ÿ 1569 ð.

... 56

3.1.1 Åêñïàíñ³ÿ Ïîëüù³ íà Óêðà¿íó ................................................ 56

3.1.2 Ïëîùà òà íàñåëåííÿ óêðà¿íñüêèõ âîºâîäñòâ ó XVI ñò. ................. 57

3.1.3 Ëþáë³íñüêà óí³ÿ 1569 ð....................................................... 58

3.1.4 Ïîñèëåííÿ íàö³îíàëüíîãî òà åêîíîì³÷íîãî ãí³òó â óêðà¿íñüêèõ

çåìëÿõ ï³ñëÿ ïðèéíÿòòÿ Ëþáë³íñüêî¿ óí³¿ 1569 ð. ...................... 59

3.1.5 Ìàãäåáóðçüêå ïðàâî.......................................................... 60

3.1.6 Ôîðìè åòíîñîö³àëüíî¿ ñï³ëüíîñò³ óêðà¿íñüêîãî íàðîäó ...................61

3.1.7 Òåîð³¿ ôîðìóâàííÿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ íàðîäíîñò³...................................62

3.1.8 Ïåð³îäèçàö³ÿ ³ñòîð³¿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ íàðîäíîñò³ ..................................63

3.1.9 Áåðåñòåéñüêà óí³ÿ 1596 ð.........................................................64

3.2 Âèíèêíåííÿ óêðà¿íñüêîãî êîçàöòâà. Çàïîðîçüêà Ñ³÷ .................65

3.2.1 Âèíèêíåííÿ óêðà¿íñüêîãî êîçàöòâà.............................................65

3.2.2 Òåîð³¿ ïîõîäæåííÿ óêðà¿íñüêîãî êîçàöòâà ...................................66

3.2.3 Â³éñüêîâ³ ïîõîäè çàïîðîçüêèõ êîçàê³â

â äð. ïîë. XVI – ïåðø. ïîë. XVII ñò...........................................67

3.2.4 Êîçàöüêî-ñåëÿíñüê³ ïîâñòàííÿ ê³í. XVI – ïî÷. XVI² ñò.....................68

3.2.5 Õðîíîëîã³ÿ Çàïîðîçüêèõ Ñ³÷åé .................................................69

3.2.6 Â³éñüêîâî-àäì³í³ñòðàòèâíà îðãàí³çàö³ÿ Çàïîðîçüêî¿ Ñ³÷³ ..................70

3.2.7 Êîçàöüêà äåìîêðàòè÷íà ðåñïóáë³êà: ñîö³àëüíî-ïîë³òè÷íèé óñòð³é .....71

3.2.8 Ãîñïîäàðñüêî-åêîíîì³÷íà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü çàïîðîçüêèõ êîçàê³â ...............72

3.3 Óêðà¿íñüêà íàö³îíàëüíà ðåâîëþö³ÿ XVII ñò. ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ

óêðà¿íñüêî¿ äåðæàâíîñò³.

.........................................................73

3.3.1. Åòàïè óêðà¿íñüêî¿ íàö³îíàëüíî-äåìîêðàòè÷íî¿ ðåâîëþö³¿ XVII ñò. .....73

3.3.2. Âèçâîëüíà â³éíà ï³ä ïðîâîäîì Á. Õìåëüíèöüêîãî 1648 – 1657 ðð. ...74

3.3.3. Ïåðåá³ã áîéîâèõ ä³é íàö³îíàëüíî-âèçâîëüíî¿ â³éíè ï³ä ïðîâîäîì

Á.Õìåëüíèöüêîãî (1648 – 1657 ðð.) .........................................75

3.3.4. Óêðà¿íî-ïîëüñüê³ äîãîâîðè ïåð³îäó

Âèçâîëüíî¿ â³éíè 1648 – 1657 ðð. .............................................76

3.3.5. Áåðåçíåâ³ ñòàòò³ òà ¿õ îö³íêà â ³ñòîðè÷í³é ë³òåðàòóð³. .....................77

3.3.6. Ãàäÿöüêà óãîäà 1658 ð............................................................78

3.3.7. Íàéõàðàêòåðí³ø³ îçíàêè óêðà¿íñüêî¿ êîçàöüêî¿ äåðæàâè XVII ñò. ......79

3.3.8. Òåðèòîð³àëüíî-àäì³í³ñòðàòèâíèé óñòð³é òà ñîö³àëüíà ñòðóêòóðà

íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¿íè â äð. ïîë. XVII ñò. ........................................80

3.3.9. Ñòðóêòóðà âëàäè â Óêðà¿íñüê³é ãåòüìàíñüê³é äåðæàâ³.....................81

3.3.10. Óêðà¿íñüê³ ãåòüìàíè ïåð³îäó Ðó¿íè (1663-1687 ðð.)........................82

3.3.11. Ïðè÷èíè ïîðàçêè óêðà¿íñüêî¿ íàö³îíàëüíî¿ ðåâîëþö³¿ XVII ñò. .........83

3.3.12. Îñîáëèâîñò³ òà ³ñòîðè÷íå çíà÷åííÿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ íàö³îíàëüíî¿

ðåâîëþö³¿ XVII ñò..................................................................84

3.4. Íàñòóï öàðèçìó íà óêðà¿íñüêó äåðæàâí³ñòü â äð. ïîë. XVII –

XVIII ñò. Âòðàòà Óêðà¿íîþ ñâîº¿ íåçàëåæíîñò³.

..........................85

3.4.1. Íàñòóï öàðèçìó íà óêðà¿íñüêó äåðæàâí³ñòü â äð. ïîë. XVII ñò. ........85

3.4.2. Ë³êâ³äàö³ÿ Ðîñ³éñüêîþ ³ìïåð³ºþ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ àâòîíîì³¿ (ÕVIII ñò.). .......86

3.4.3. Ñëîá³äñüêà Óêðà¿íà â äð. ïîë. XVII – íà ïî÷. XVIII ñò. .............. 87

3.4.4. Êîíñòèòóö³ÿ Ï. Îðëèêà – âèäàòíà ïàì’ÿòêà

óêðà¿íñüêî¿ äåðæàâíî-ïîë³òè÷íî¿ äóìêè XVIII ñò. ....................... 88

3.4.5. Ë³êâ³äàö³ÿ öàðèçìîì Çàïîðîçüêî¿ Ñ³÷³ (1775 ð.). ...................... 89

3.5. Ïðàâîáåðåæí³ òà çàõ³äíîóêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ ï³ä âëàäîþ Ïîëüù³

â äð. ïîë. ÕV²² –ÕV²²² ñò.

..................................................... 90

3.5.1. Ïðàâîáåðåææÿ òà Ñõ³äíà Ãàëè÷èíà â ê³í. ÕVII – íà ïî÷. ÕVIII ñò... 90

3.5.2. Åòí³÷íèé ñêëàä òà ñîö³àëüíà ñòðóêòóðà íàñåëåííÿ

Ïðàâîáåðåæíî¿ Óêðà¿íè â ê³í. ÕV²² – ÕV²²² ñò. .......................... 91

3.5.3. Ñåëÿíñüêî-êîçàöüê³ ïîâñòàííÿ ÕV²² – ÕV²²² ñò. .........................92

3.5.4. Òðè ïîä³ëè Ïîëüù³ òà ¿õ âïëèâ íà äîëþ óêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìåëü......... 93

3.5.5. Çàïðîâàäæåííÿ ïîë³òèêè ³íòåãðàö³¿ íà óêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìëÿõ

â ê³í. XVIII – íà ïî÷. Õ²Õ ñò................................................. 94

3.5.6. Çåìë³ íàñåëåí³ óêðà¿íöÿìè íàïðèê³íö³ ÕV²²² ñò. ......................... 95

3.6. Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ ó ñêëàä³ Ðîñ³éñüêî¿ òà Àâñòð³éñüêî¿ ³ìïåð³¿

(ÕV²²² – Õ²Õ ñò.). Óêðà¿íñüêå íàö³îíàëüíå â³äðîäæåííÿ.

....... 96

3.6.1. Êîëîí³àëüíà ïîë³òèêà ùîäî Óêðà¿íè â ïåðø. ïîë. Õ²Õ ñò............. 96

3.6.2. Ïðîìèñëîâèé ïåðåâîðîò â Óêðà¿í³ (Õ²Õ ñò.) ............................. 97

3.6.3. Êàòåãîð³¿ óêðà¿íñüêîãî ñåëÿíñòâà â ïåðø. ïîë. Õ²Õ ñò. .............. 98

3.6.4. Ôîðìè åêñïëóàòàö³¿ ïîì³ùèöüêèõ ³ äåðæàâíèõ ñåëÿí

â Óêðà¿í³ â ïåðø. ïîë. Õ²Õ ñò. ............................................. 99

3.6.5. Ïî÷àòîê óêðà¿íñüêîãî íàö³îíàëüíîãî â³äðîäæåííÿ ...................100

3.6.6. Äåêàáðèñòñüêèé ðóõ â Óêðà¿í³..............................................101

3.6.7. Îðãàí³çàö³éíà ñòðóêòóðà äåêàáðèñòñüêîãî ðóõó â Óêðà¿í³ ..........102

3.6.8. Êèðèëî-Ìåôîä³¿âñüêå áðàòñòâî – ïåðøà ïîë³òè÷íà

îðãàí³çàö³ÿ â Óêðà¿í³..........................................................103

3.6.9. Çåìëåêîðèñòóâàííÿ ïîì³ùèê³â ³ ïîì³ùèöüêèõ ñåëÿí

íàïåðåäîäí³ ðåôîðìè 1861 ð. ............................................ 104

3.6.10. Âåëèêà ñåëÿíñüêà ðåôîðìà 1861 ð. òà ¿¿ çä³éñíåííÿ â Óêðà¿í³ ..... 105

3.6.11. Ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷í³ íàñë³äêè òà îñîáëèâîñò³

Ñåëÿíñüêî¿ ðåôîðìè 1861ð. â Óêðà¿í³................................... 106

3.6.12. Áóðæóàçí³ ðåôîðìè 60 – 70-õ ðð. Õ²Õ ñò. â Óêðà¿í³................. 107

3.6.13. Ðîçâèòîê êàï³òàë³çìó â Óêðà¿í³ ï³ñëÿ ðåôîðìè 1861 ð. ............. 108

3.6.14. Ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ ì³ñüêîãî ³ ñ³ëüñüêîãî íàñåëåííÿ ãóáåðí³é

Íàääí³ïðÿíñüêî¿ Óêðà¿íè çà äàíèìè ïåðåïèñó 1897 ð. ..............109

3.6.15. Ñîö³àëüíå ðîçøàðóâàííÿ óêðà¿íñüêîãî ñåëÿíñòâà

â ê³í. Õ²Õ – íà ïî÷. ÕÕ ñò. ................................................... 110

3.6.16. Çì³íè â àãðàðíèõ â³äíîñèíàõ ó Íàääí³ïðÿíñüê³é Óêðà¿í³ â ê³í. Õ²Õ ñò. .. 111

3.6.17. Ñóñï³ëüíî-ïîë³òè÷í³ ðóõè â Óêðà¿í³ (äð. ïîë. Õ²Õ ñò.) ................... 112

3.6.18. Ñóñï³ëüíî-ïîë³òè÷í³ òå÷³¿ íà çàõ³äíîóêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìëÿõ

â äð. ïîë. Õ²Õ ñò................................................................. 113

4. ÍÎÂ²ÒÍß ²ÑÒÎÐ²ß ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ. ....................................................... 114

4.1.

Óêðà¿íà íà ïî÷àòêó ÕÕ ñò. (1900-ëþòèé 1917 ð.)..................... 114

4.1.1. Åòí³÷íèé ñêëàä íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¿íè íà ïî÷. ÕÕ ñò.......................... 114

4.1.2. Îñîáëèâîñò³ ðîçâèòêó êàï³òàë³çìó íà óêðà¿íñüêèõ

çåìëÿõ íà ïî÷. ÕÕ ñò. ......................................................... 115

4.1.3. Ïåðø³ óêðà¿íñüê³ ïîë³òè÷í³ ïàðò³¿.............................................. 116

4.1.4. Ïðîãðàìí³ çàâäàííÿ ïåðøèõ óêðà¿íñüêèõ ïàðò³é

Íàääí³ïðÿíñüêî¿ Óêðà¿íè........................................................ 117

4.1.5. Àãðàðí³ ïèòàííÿ â ïðîãðàìàõ ïîë³òè÷íèõ ïàðò³é

Íàääí³ïðÿíñüêî¿ Óêðà¿íè........................................................ 118

4.1.6. Çàãàëüíîðîñ³éñüê³ ïîë³òè÷í³ ïàðò³¿ íà óêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìëÿõ

(ïî÷. ÕÕ ñò.) ...................................................................... 119

4.1.7. Îñíîâí³ ðåâîëþö³éí³ ïîä³¿ 1905-1907 ðð. â Óêðà¿í³. ..................... 120

4.1.8. Ä³ÿëüí³ñòü óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ïàðëàìåíòñüêî¿ ãðîìàäè

â I òà II Äåðæàâíèõ Äóìàõ Ðîñ³¿ ..............................................121

4.1.9. Çåìåëüíà ðåôîðìà Ï.À. Ñòîëèï³íà......................................... 122

4.1.10. Õàðàêòåð çåìëåâîëîä³ííÿ ñåëÿíñòâà ï³âäåííîóêðà¿íñüêèõ ãóáåðí³é

ó ðîêè ïðîâåäåííÿ Ñòîëèï³íñüêî¿ àãðàðíî¿ ðåôîðìè................... 123

4.1.11. Ë³êâ³äàö³ÿ àãðàðíîãî ïåðåíàñåëåííÿ â Ðîñ³éñüê³é

³ìïåð³¿ íà ïî÷. ÕÕ ñò. ........................................................... 124

4.1.12. Óêðà¿íñüêà åì³ãðàö³ÿ íàïåðåäîäí³ Ïåðøî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè ............... 125

4.1.13. Óêðà¿íà â ïëàíàõ ³íîçåìíèõ äåðæàâ íà ïî÷. Ïåðøî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éí³ ... 126

4.1.14. Óêðà¿íà â Ïåðø³é ñâ³òîâ³é â³éí³ (1914-1918 ðð.)........................... 127

4.2 Óêðà¿íñüêà íàö³îíàëüíî-äåìîêðàòè÷íà ðåâîëþö³ÿ 1917-

1920 ðð. Áîðîòüáà çà â³äðîäæåííÿ äåðæàâíîñò³ Óêðà¿íè

..... 128

4.2.1. Ñîö³àëüíå îáëè÷÷ÿ óêðà¿íñüêîãî ñåëà ïåðåä ðåâîëþö³ºþ

1917-1920 ðð. .................................................................... 128

4.2.2. Ïðîãðàìí³ çàâäàííÿ Öåíòðàëüíî¿ Ðàäè ..................................... 129

4.2.3. Ñòðóêòóðà âèùèõ îðãàí³â âëàäè â Óêðà¿í³ ( ïåðø. ïîë. 1917 ð.) ..... 130

4.2.4. Àãðàðíå çàêîíîäàâñòâî Öåíòðàëüíî¿ Ðàäè................................. 131

4.2.5. Ïðè÷èíè ïîðàçêè Öåíòðàëüíî¿ Ðàäè ......................................... 132

4.2.6. Äîáà Ãåòüìàíàòó: çàãàëüíà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà

(êâ³òåíü-ãðóäåíü 1918 ð.) ...................................................133

4.2.7. Äèðåêòîð³ÿ ÓÍÐ ............................................................... 134

4.2.8. Ïðîãîëîøåííÿ ÇÓÍÐ, ¿¿ âíóòð³øíÿ òà çîâí³øíÿ ïîë³òèêà............. 135

4.2.9. Â³éíà Ïîëüù³ ³ç ÇÓÍÐ ........................................................ 136

4.2.10. Åòàïè òà îñîáëèâîñò³ ãðîìàäÿíñüêî¿ â³éíè â Óêðà¿í³

òà ³íîçåìíî¿ âîºííî¿ ³íòåðâåíö³¿ .......................................... 137

4.2.11. Ïîë³òèêà “âîºííîãî êîìóí³çìó” ...........................................138

4.2.12. Ïðè÷èíè ïîðàçêè òà îñíîâí³ óðîêè óêðà¿íñüêî¿ íàö³îíàëüíî-

äåìîêðàòè÷íî¿ ðåâîëþö³¿ 1917-1920 ðð. ................................ 139

4.2.13. Çäîáóòêè óêðà¿íñüêî¿ íàö³îíàëüíî-äåìîêðàòè÷íî¿

ðåâîëþö³¿ 1917-1920 ðð. .................................................... 140

4.3. Åêîíîì³÷íèé òà ñîö³àëüíî-ïîë³òè÷íèé ñòàí Óêðà¿íè

â 20-30-õ ðð. ÕÕ ñò.

........................................................... 141

4.3.1. Åêîíîì³÷íà ³ ñîö³àëüíî-ïîë³òè÷íà êðèçè â Óêðà¿í³

íà ïî÷. 20-õ ðð. ÕÕ ñò....................................................... 141

4.3.2. Íîâà åêîíîì³÷íà ïîë³òèêà òà ¿¿ çä³éñíåííÿ â Óêðà¿í³ ..................142

4.3.3. Àãðàðíà ïîë³òèêà ÐÊÏ (á) íà ïî÷àòêó 20-õ ðð. ÕÕ ñò. ...............143

4.3.4. Êîëåêòèâí³ ôîðìè ãîñïîäàðþâàííÿ â óêðà¿íñüêîìó ñåë³ â

20-ò³ ðð. ÕÕ ñò.................................................................144

4.3.5. ²íäóñòð³àë³çàö³ÿ Óêðà¿íè......................................................145

4.3.6. Ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷í³ íàñë³äêè ³íäóñòð³àë³çàö³¿ ........................ 146

4.3.7. Ñóö³ëüíà êîëåêòèâ³çàö³ÿ òà ¿¿ ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷í³ íàñë³äêè ........ 147

4.3.8. Åòàïè âõîäæåííÿ Óêðà¿íè äî ñêëàäó ÑÐÑÐ..............................148

4.3.9. Óòâîðåííÿ ÑÐÑÐ ÿê íîâî¿ ôîðìè äåðæàâíîñò³ ....................... 149

4.3.10. Ïîë³òè÷íà ñèñòåìà ÑÐÑÐ ó 1924-1936 ðð. .............................. 150

4.3.11. Íàö³îíàëüíèé ñêëàä íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¿íè â 1930-1931 ðð. ............ 151

4.3.12. Óòâåðäæåííÿ ñòàë³íñüêîãî òîòàë³òàðíîãî ðåæèìó â Óêðà¿í³ ....... 152

4.3.13. Ïîë³òè÷í³ ðåïðåñ³¿ òà ¿õ íàñë³äêè â Óêðà¿í³............................... 153

4.4. Çàõ³äíîóêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ â 20-30-õ ðð. ÕÕ ñò ....................... 154

4.4.1. Êîëîí³çàö³ÿ Çàõ³äíî¿ Óêðà¿íè ...............................................154

4.4.2. Ïðàâîâèé ñòàòóñ çàõ³äíîóêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìåëü ........................... 155

4.4.3. Íàö³îíàëüíå ãíîáëåííÿ íàñåëåííÿ çàõ³äíîóêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìåëü..... 156

4.4.4. Ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íå ñòàíîâèùå çàõ³äíîóêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìåëü ..... 157

4.4.5. Ðåïðåñèâíà ïîë³òèêà âëàäè íà çàõ³äíîóêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìëÿõ .......... 158

4.4.6. Ñóñï³ëüíî-ïîë³òè÷íèé ðóõ íà çàõ³äíîóêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìëÿõ ............159

4.4.7. Ñóñï³ëüíî-ïîë³òè÷íèé ðóõ â óêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìëÿõ,

ï³äâëàäíèõ Ðóìóí³¿ ............................................................... 160

4.4.8. Ñóñï³ëüíî-ïîë³òè÷í³ òå÷³¿ Çàêàðïàòòÿ........................................ 161

4.4.9. Ïîë³òè÷í³ ñèëè âèçâîëüíîãî ðóõó çàõ³äíîóêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìåëü â

ì³æâîºííèé ïåð³îä............................................................... 162

4.5. Äðóãà ñâ³òîâà â³éíà. Óêðà¿íà â ðîêè

Âåëèêî¿ Â³ò÷èçíÿíî¿ â³éíè (1939-1945 ðð.)

............................. 163

4.5.1. Óêðà¿íñüêå ïèòàííÿ â ì³æíàðîäí³é ïîë³òèö³ íàïåðåäîäí³

òà íà ïî÷àòêó Äðóãî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè .......................................... 163

4.5.2. Çì³ñò Äîãîâîðó ïðî äðóæáó ³ êîðäîíè òà ñåêðåòíîãî ïðîòîêîëó

äî ïàêòó Ìîëîòîâà-Ð³ááåíòðîïà ............................................. 164

4.5.3. Ïåðåòâîðåííÿ â Çàõ³äí³é Óêðà¿í³ – ðàäÿí³çàö³ÿ ........................... 165

4.5.4. Îôîðìëåííÿ íîâîãî ïîë³òèêî-ïðàâîâîãî ñòàòóñó Çàõ³äíî¿ Óêðà¿íè,

Ï³âí³÷íî¿ Áóêîâèíè ³ Áåññàðàá³¿ íàïåðåäîäí³ Äðóãî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè.... 166

4.5.5. Ïî÷àòîê Äðóãî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè. Íàïàä Í³ìå÷÷èíè íà ÑÐÑÐ ............. 167

4.5.6. Áîéîâ³ ä³¿ íà òåðèòîð³¿ Óêðà¿íè ç ÷åðâíÿ 1941 ð. ïî ëèïåíü 1942 ð.. 168

4.5.7. Òåðèòîð³àëüíèé ïîä³ë Óêðà¿íè â ðîêè ôàøèñòñüêîãî

îêóïàö³éíîãî ðåæèìó........................................................... 169

4.5.8. Çàïðîâàäæåííÿ ôàøèñòñüêîãî îêóïàö³éíîãî ðåæèìó â Óêðà¿í³...... 170

4.5.9. Ðóõ àíòèôàøèñòñüêîãî Îïîðó â Óêðà¿í³ â ðîêè

Äðóãî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè............................................................. 171

4.5.10. Âèçâîëåííÿ Óêðà¿íè â³ä ôàøèñòñüêèõ çàãàðáíèê³â

(ãðóäåíü 1942 –æîâòåíü 1944 ð.)............................................ 172

4.5.11. Âíåñîê Óêðà¿íè â ïåðåìîãó íàä Í³ìå÷÷èíîþ òà ¿¿ ñîþçíèêàìè....... 173

4.5.12. Ëþäñüê³ òà ìàòåð³àëüí³ âòðàòè Óêðà¿íè â ðîêè

Äðóãî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè............................................................. 174

4.6. Óêðà¿íà â ðîêè â³äáóäîâè ³ ïîäàëüøîãî ðîçâèòêó íàðîäíîãî

ãîñïîäàðñòâà (1945-1950 ðð.)

............................................... 175

4.6.1. Òåðèòîð³àëüí³ çì³íè â Óêðà¿í³ ï³ñëÿ Äðóãî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè ............... 175

4.6.2. Óêðà¿íà íà ì³æíàðîäí³é àðåí³ ï³ñëÿ Äðóãî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè .............. 176

4.6.3. Ë³êâ³äàö³ÿ ðóõó Îïîðó â çàõ³äíîóêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìëÿõ ï³ñëÿ

Äðóãî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè............................................................. 177

4.6.4. Îñîáëèâîñò³ â³äáóäîâè íàðîäíîãî ãîñïîäàðñòâà Óêðà¿íè

â ïåðø³ ïîâîºíí³ ðîêè .......................................................... 178

4.6.5. Îñîáëèâîñò³ â³äáóäîâè ñ³ëüñüêîãî ãîñïîäàðñòâà Óêðà¿íè

â ðîêè ÷åòâåðòî¿ ï’ÿòèð³÷êè................................................... 179