Index 391
and permeation, 188, 189
in polymers, 162
Linings
pipe wall, 367
in water treatment and supply
systems, 365–366
Liquid absorption
by FEP, 164
by PFA, 165
Liquid applied linings, 172
avoiding pockets and crevices, 173
butt welding for, 172
causes of coating failure, 182–183
continuous welded joints, 174
cure of, 182
edge grinding, 174
lap welding, 172
lining application, 181–182
lining selection, 176–181
potential galvanic action, 176
stiffening member locations, 175
typical vessel outlets, 175
vessel design, 172–176
weld spatter removal, 173
Liquid metal attack, 68
and corrosion by liquid metals, 72–73
liquid metal embrittlement (LME),
69–72
Liquid metal embrittlement (LME), 68,
69
combinations summary, 70
delayed failure and, 72
factors inuencing, 71–72
preventive measures, 72
requirements, 69, 71
Liquid metal-induced embrittlement
(LMIE), 68
Lithotrophs, energy source, 51
Load-carrying ability, 74
Local cell formations
concentration cells, 9–10
differential temperature cells, 10
dissimilar electrode cells, 9
metal ion concentration cells, 11
oxygen concentration cells, 11
types of, 8
Localized corrosion, inhibition, 324–326
Location, design considerations, 336
Lost production costs, 334–335
M
Magnesium
as sacricial anode, 301, 370
use in cathodic protection, 300
Magnesium-based alloys, as sacricial
anodes, 300
Magnetic oxide, 294
Maintenance, 336
of coatings, 241
reduced costs with cathodic
protection, 308
reduction with FRP materials, 338
Maintenance costs, materials of
construction, 334
Malachite, 265
Manganese coatings, 290
Marine atmospheres, 78, 79, 329, 330
aluminum alloy use in, 122
aluminum corrosion in, 119, 289
austenitic steels in, 123
carbon steel corrosion in, 341
combined with industrial, 331
copper corrosion rates in, 113, 265
corrosion losses, sacricial metal
coatings, 280
Galfan and galvanized steel
exposure, 286
Galvalume exposure in, 288
paint system selection, 250
Marine industry, 374–375
protection of condensors and
saltwater exchangers, 375
use of aluminum, 375–377
Marine pilings, cathodic protection in,
298
Martensitic stainless steels
corrosion resistance, 124–125
SCC in, 47
Masonry materials
coating selection, 139
concrete protection, 137–138
corrosion resistance, 134–136
mortars and grouts, 140–141
polymer concrete, 140
Materials of construction, xxiii, 329, 332
corrosion resistance, 333
cost of lost production, 334–335
ductility considerations, 333