Станко В.Н., Гладких М.І., Сегеда С.П. Історія первісного суспільства

He3aJIe)I(H0

eia

lJHCeJIbHoro i SlKlCHOro

cxnany

nepaicaa

00.

uuura

M~a

npH6JIH3HO TaKY

CTPYKTYPY:

TPeu'!HY

CKJIa.D.<lJni

u

MHCJIHBUI,

npyra

TPeTHHa

3aHMaJIaCSI

Jl.OMaUlHlM rocnonap_

CTBOM,

36HpanbHHUTBoM Ta

Jl.OrJISIJI.OM

aa

Jl.iTbMH

H,

HapeLUTj

OCTaHHSI

TPeTHHa -

ue

Jl.iTH

i ni.u.JIiTKH.

,UOPOCJIHX

MHCJIHBUiB

~

06mHHi,

B 3aJIe)I(HocTi ain II

saransaoro

lJHCeJIbHOrO

CKJI~

6YJIO

sia

4 - 6 Jl.0 10 - 12

lJOJIOBiK.

Cepennia

BiK Ix He

Ha6a~

raro

nepeBHIUYBaB 40 pOKlB.

Cepenas

TPHBaJIicTb

)l(HTTSI

B

06mHHi

Jl.OpiBHIOBaJIa

20 -

2S

pOKlB. TaKHH HeBHcoKHH nOKa3HHK

cepeaasoro

BU<y

\{JIeHiB 06-

mHHH

3YMOBJIIOBaBCSI

BHCOKOIO

Jl.HTSIlJ:OIO

cMepTHicTIO. B

YMOBax

MHCJIHBCbKO-36HPaJIbHHUbKOro

rocnonapcrsa

OJl.Ha

)l(jHKa Mor.

na Jl.orJUlHYTH He

fiinsure

onniei

Jl.HTHHH

Jl.0

3 - 5 pOKlB. P03Mi-

pH KOpMOBoi

reparopii

pamnonepeicaoi

06lUHHH

CSlraJIH

350 -

750 KM2 Y 3ane)I(HOCTi

aia

i"i

HaCHlJeHOCTi

6ioMacolO. CepenHsl

rycTOTaHaCeJIeHHSI

na

TOH

xac

- npH6JIH3HO

OJl.Ha

JIIOJl.HH

a aa

100 KM2.

3rmHO

3

ninpaxyaxaxa

Jl.OCJIi.u.HHKlB,

lJHCeJIbHicTb aa-

CeJIeHHSI

B nhHbOnaneOJIiTHlJ:HY Jl.06y

na

reparopii

cys

acnol

YKpaiHH

CTaHOBHJIa

npH6JIH3HO 60 000

lJOJIOBiK.

Yrsopenaa

BeJIHKHX 6araTopOJl.OBHX

(Jl.HCnepCHOpOJl.OBHX)

06mHH

ra

HaCTynHHH

Ix

nOJl.iJI

na

HeBeJIHKi

OJl.HOP0Jl.OBi

(KOM-

naKTHOpOJl.OBi)

06mHHH

pemaMeHTYBaBcSI

P0Jl.OBOIO

CTPyKry-

poio

nepsicaoro

cycninscrsa

, uio rpYHTYBaJIacSI

na

TPaJl.HUOO:

eK30raMii.

· Pin, SlK y)l(e

3rn.u.YBaJIOCSI

saute,

ue

couiansaa

CTPyKTypa,

sxa,

nepur

aa

ace,

pernaxearyaana UlJII06Hi

CTO-

CyHKH, a TaKO)l( i

couiansni

B3a€MOBmHOCHHH Mj)I( \{JIeH

aMH

neanoro

KOJIeKTHBy, SlKi

YCBi.u.OMJIIOBaJIH

CBOIO

cnopinaenicrs

no

OJl.HiH

niaii.

Cnopiaaenicrs

y

nepaicnovy

cycninscrai

Moma

6yrH

BepTH-

KaJIbHOIO

(npeJl.KOBOIO),

KOJIH

\{JIeHH

KOJIeKTHBy

(pony)

BH3Ha-

BaJIH

CBO€

nOXOJJ.)l(eHHSI

sin

cninsnoro

p0Jl.OHalJaJIbHHKa, sa-

CHOBHHKa

pony,

a60

ropH30HTaJIbHOIO,

KOJIH

JIIOJl.H

·

BH3HaBaJlH

CBOIO

cnopinneaicrs

aia

cninsnoro

nOKPOBHTeJUI

-

TOTeMa.

Oc-

TaHHSI

<f>opMa

cnopimrenocri

BmKpHBaJIa UlHPUli

MO)I(JIHBOCTi

JJ.JISI

3aJIyqeHHSI Jl.0

cxnany

06mHHH

JIIOJl.eH,

He nOB'Sl3aHHX

KpOB-

HHMH y3aMH, a TaKO)l( CTBopeHHSI 3HalJHHX COUiaJIbH

HX

06

'€Jl.HaHb, TaKHX SlK IUIeM'SI,

uio

BHHHKJIO

aa

xacin

Me30JIiT)'.

P03rJUlHeMO

npouec

BHHHKHeHHSI i p03BHTKY

nnesdano

i op-

ranisauii

na

MaTepiaJIax apxeOJIOrilJHHX naM'SlTOK YKPalHH.

.D.o-

CHTb BHpa3Ha

rpyna

Me30JIiTH"lJHHX

naM'SlTOK

Jl.OCJI~eHa

aa oc-

TaHHi

Jl.eCSlTHJIiTTSI

B

Me)l(Hpiqqi

'uYHalO Ta ,UHic-rpa. B ueHTPI

usoro

periouy

na

HeBeJIHKlH

pisui

,UpaKYJUI

CBOro

sacy

p0

3ra-

UlOBYBaJIOCSI

BeJIHKe

nOCeJIeHHSI

(MHpHe).

B paaiyci 90 KM Bin

nsoro

BmKPHTO

me

nOHa.D.

20 HeBeJIHKHX Me30JIiTHlJHHX

eTO-

SlHOK.

OqeBHJJ.HO,

Ix

6YJIO

3HaqHO 6iJIbUle.

ga

cyqacHHMH Jl.eMorpa<f>ilJHHMH OuiHKaMH y 18

rocnonap-

-nooyrosax

KOMIUIeKcax

na

nOCeJIeHHiMHpHe

MeUlKaJIO

130

oci6

npornrov

Jl.BOX

pOKlB.

Ilpore,

BpaXOBYJOlJH

ax-

HH

cnoci6

anarrrauii

niJHboMe30JIiTH\{HHX

06mHH

, MO)I(Ha

CTHTH,

uto

aa

nOCeJIeHHi

nocriano

nepeoysano

3HalJHO

e

JIIOJl.eH,

a

repsda

HOro

<f>YHKUioH)'BaHHSI

6YB

3HalJHO

,wIiM.

HaroJIOCHMO,

uto

rocrtonapcsxo-nofiyrosi

KOMIUIeKCH

:JIeHHSI

6YJIH

HeOJl.Hopi.u.HHMH

i HaJIe)l(aJIH ciM'SlM

Jl.BOX

pis-

KyJIbTypHHX

TPa.D.HuiH.

~araJIbHa

ouiaxa

eKOHOMilJHoro

norenuiany

nOCeJIeHHSI

Ta

iqHOrO

cxnaay

HOro MeUlKaHuiB

Jl.aJIH

nincrasa

Jl.OCJImHHKaM

rJISIJI.aTH

MHpHe

SlK

6a30Be

Jl.OBrOlJaCHe

nOCeJIeHHSI

aacnepc-

onoaoi

06mHHH,

uto

CKJIa.D.aJIOCSI

3 18 ciMeH

Jl.BOX

ponis:

.

uis

Ta

rpefieaaaxiauia.

Meurxaaui

nOCeJIeHHSI

nena

KO-

BHHH

MHCJIHBCbKHH

npOMHCeJI,

SlKHH

3YMOBJIIOBaB

pis-

paBHHH p03nOJl.iJI

MHCJIHBCbKOi

3J1.06HlJi

Mj)I(

MaJIHMH

CiM'SI-

rrpo

uio

HUlJIOCSI

saute.

HeBeJIHKl

CTOSlHKH,

posciaai

no

nonanax

HeBeJIHKHX

pisox

pilJlJ:SI,

sa

CKJIa.D.OM

BHp06HHlJOrO

iasearaps

TaKO)l(

HeOJl.-

iaai.

BOHH

nanexars

HociSlM THX )I(e

Jl.BOX

KYJIbTypHHX TPa-

iH,

axi

penpeaearosaai

na

MHpHOM)'. Binsuricrs

CTOSIHOK

'Tb

CKJla.D.

3HapSIJJ.b,

npHTaMaHHHH

OJl.Hrn

3

Jl.BOX

TPa.D.HuiH:

iBCbKiH

a60

rpe6eHHHKlBCbKlH. JIHUle

aa

OJl.HOM)'

Micue3Ha-

eaai

(3aJIi3HHlJHe)

saanneai

BHp06H;

xapaxrepai

JJ.JISI

060x

bTypHHX

rpanauia,

Ilpore

B3a€MoBi.u.HOCHHH

Mj)I( piJHHMH

iqHHMH

rpyrtasra

na

UbOM)' nOCeJIeHHi nOKH

uto

nOBHicTIO

3'SlCOBaHi.

3HalJHO

cKJIa.D.HiUle

OUiHHTH

Jl.eMorpa<f>ilJHY

CHTYauUo

aa

Ma-

nOCeJIeHlUlX, a TaKO)l(

ryCTOTY

3aCeJIeHHSI

scsoro

perioay,

nepenai

p03p06KH,

cKJIa.D.eHi

JIHUle sa KiJIbKlCHHMH

ouinxa-

imp06HHlJ:HX KOMIUIeKciB,

ztaiors

nmCTaBH

nparrycrara,

uto

Micue3HaXOJJ.)l(eHHSI

6YJIH ce30HHHMH

CTOSlHKaMH

pyxJIHBHX

HH,

axi

CKJIa.D.aJIHCb

ia 2 - 4 ciMeH

pOJl.HlJiB

no

lJOJIOBilJiH

ii,

O.u.HaK

npHKJIa.D.

3aniJHHqHOrO

noxasye,

uio

B ueH lJac

ilJalOTbCSI

H MaJIi

rtepsicai

06mHHH

ai

cnoplnaexava

'SlMH,

MO)I(JIHBO,

H He 060B'Sl3KOBO

no

lJoJIoBilJrn JIiHiL

Y uiJIOM)'

couiansao-eraixaa

caryauia,

Jl.OCJIiJJ.)I(eHa

B Me)I(H-

. 'uYHalO i ,UHicTPa,

na

HaUlY

JJ.YMKY,

MO)l(e p03uiHIOBaTHCb

IUIeMiHHa

opraaisauia,

a

nOCeJIeHHSI

MHpHe

-

SlK

nocriano

KuiOHyIOlJHH BHp06HHlJO-OpraHiJauiHHHH ueHTP, ne

OJl.HO-:

HO

npencraaneai

06HJJ.Bi

UlJII06Hi rpiniauii,

HaBKOJIO

MHpHO-

B

paaiyci

90 KM 6YJIH p03CeJIeHi Mani

OJl.HOP0Jl.OBi

06mHHH

ro

IUIeMeHi. Teparopis,

JaHHSlTa

uieio

IUIeMiHHOIO

opraaisa-

10, einnoainana HopMaM

«KOPMOBOi,)

reparopii

IIJIeMeH,

Jl.OC-

.

eHHX eTHoJIori€IO.

152

153

3aYBIDKHMO,

uto

ciM'i

B

,llaHOMY

KOHKpeTHOMY

nrresreni

6YlIl1

naTPHJIOKaJIbHHMH,

,llOKa30M

xoro e

BeJIHtle3Ha

nepesara

aa

Ma.

JIHX

nOCeJIeHWlX

MOHOKYJIbTYPHHX

iH.llYCTPiaJIbHHX

KOMrureKcin

axi

aa

nepaicnava

TPa,llHurnMH

BHp06.IIIDIHC~

BHKJIlOqHO

qOJlO

~

BiKaMH.

TIOPM

is

UHM

innaninyanisauia

MHCJIHBCbKOro

rocnn,

napcrsa

TIl

BmHOCHa

eKOHOMiqHa

He3aJIe)I(HicTb

MaJIHX

narpu,

JIOKaJIbHHX

06mHH

nae

3MOry

nparrycrara

CTIlHOBJIeH~

narp],

apXaJIbHHX

BinHOCHH

y

ciM'i.

.

AHaJIOriqHa

eraocouiansna

CHTYaUrn

B~BJIeHa

,llOCJImHHKa.

MH

i B

iHllIHX

npHpo.QHo-KJIiMaTHtlHHX

30Hax

Yxpalaa.

P036bK_

nocri,

~Ki

nonexyna cnocrepiraiorscs B posaipax COUiaJIhHl1X

06'€,llHaHb,

ixHiH

cTPYKTYPi

n

ranax

nOCeJIeHh,

nOB'~3aHi

3

roc-

nO,llapCbKO-KYJIbTYPHOIO

cneuianiaauieio

a60

OC06JIHBOCTSlMl1

anarrrauii no npaponao-nannnradrraoro

OTOqeH~.

TIpHHuHn

xe

<t>oPM}'BaH~

nrresrianoi opraaisauii, OCHOBOIO

axoi

6yJIH

nese.

JIHKi,

nepeaaxno

O,llHOP0,llOBi

06mHHH,

uio cxnaaanaca 3

MallHX

naTPHJIOKaJIhHHX

ciMen,.llJUl

ncix

perioais

3aJIHllIa€TbC~

€,llHHHM.

Ba30Bi

nOCeJIeH~

3YCTPiqalOTbC~

pinxo. Y

neaxax

aanaaxax,

nanpaxnan,

na

nOCeJIeHHi

Fipxose,

BOHH

MalOTh

30BciM

iaury, B

rropisnaaai

3

MHPHHM,

CTPYKTYPY, uio nae

ninCTIlBH

posrnxna-

TH

TIlKi

naM'~TKH

~K

MicWi

nepionasnax

360piB

MaJIHX

06mHH

nneaiaaoi

opraaiaauii,

a60

rocnonapcsxo-exonorisaoi niuri.

HOBi

pHCH

Y CTPYKTYPi

Me30JIiTHqHOrO

cycninscrsa

notipe

npocrexyiorsca

na

MarepiaJIax

nOXOBaHb

,

TIl

MOrHJIhHHKiB,

noc-

JIimKeHHX

y

Hannopisod,

KPHMY

TIl

TIO,llHicTPOB'i.

BHHHKHeH~

MOrHJIbHHKiB

€ Ba)l(JIHBOIO

HOBaui€1O

y

no

xo-

BaJIbHOMY

06PMi.

Pis Y

TiM,

uio paaiure,

me

3 xacia MYCTh€

(He-

annepransum),

B Yxpaini,

~K

i B

iHllIHX

perionax

CBiTY,

6yJIH

si-

,llOMi

JIHllIe

iH,llHBlnyaJIhHi

a60

rpynosi

nOXOBaH~.

B)I(e

cava

noasa

MOrHJIbHHKiB

is

BH3HaqeHOlO

CHCTeMOIO

posuiurenns

no-

XOBaHHX

sacairrrye

3HaqHY

OCi.rIiCTh

Me30JIiTHtlHOro

HaCeJIeHWI,

<t>opMYBaH~

noasrra

nnacaoi (ponosoi) .reparopii

ra

CKJIa,llaH-

~

y

Ii

MellIKaHuiB

,llOCHTh critixoi

COUiaJIhHOi

opraaisauii,

nOK-

JIHKaHOi

BCe6iqHO

KOHTpOJIIOBaTH

)l(HTT€,llmnhHicTh

B

Me)l(aX

uiei

reparopii,

3axHCTHTH

He

Ti.rIhKH U

MelliKaHuiB

TIl

npaponai

pe-

CypCH,

a n

nOXOBaHHX,

axi

CHMBOJIiJyoa;rn

nenopyunnoi

3B'~30K

)l(HBHX

ia

6aTbKiBmHHOIO,

T06TO

pinHHM

xpaeu.

KJIa,llOBHme

3

usoro

'lacy

CTIl€

CHMBOJIOM

€,llHaH~

JIIO,llHHH

3

3eMJIelO.

CTIlTeBOBiKoBa

cTpYKTYPa

TIl

npOCTOpOBe

poasrunenaa

noxo-

BaHh

Hannopiasxax

MOrHJIbHHKiB

TIlKO)l(

He

3aJIHllIalOTh

CyMHi-

BiB

mO,110

naTPiapXaJIbHHX

Bi.llHOCHH

cepea

HaCeJIeH~,

axe

ix sa-

JIHllIHJIO.

TaK,

y

I-MY

BacHJIiBcbKOMY

MOrHJIhHHKY

B Hanrropix-

)I(j

noxosani

BHKJIIOqHO

qOJIOBiKH

(npHHanMHi

JIHllIe

TPO€

3 24

nOXOBaHHX

BHKJllIKalOTh

cYMHiB

mo,110

BH3HaqeH~

CTIlTi).

Bins-

micrs

He600HKiB

-

ue

qOJIOBiKH

spinoro

sixy,

HId

noxosani

He-

HKHMH

KOMnaKTHHMH

rpy-

lotH -no 2 - 4

OC06H

B

KO)I(HiH.

icux

nOXOBaH~

TIlKHX

rpyn,

oBipHO,

6yJIH

KJIa,llOBHmaMH

osixia O,llHOP0,llOBOi

06mH-

, a

MOrHJ1hHHK

y ui.rIOMY -

eMiHHHM

KJIa,llOBHmeM

.

3-n

BacHJ1iBChKHH

MOrHJ1h-

K

BmpiJH~€TbC~

eia amue-

HcaHoro

~K

CKJIa,llOM,

TIlK

i

'YKTYPOIO

nOXOBaHh.

Tyr

no-

aani

qOJloBiKH,

)l(jHKH

n

nrra,

ino-ri

nOXOBaH~

na

MOrHJIh-

KY

poaraurosaai B

HOro

uen-

,an:hHiH

qaCTHHi,

roni

~K

qOJIO-

'"IIi rpynasnr Ix

OTO'IylOTh,

Hi6H

uiaios»

Bin

noporis.

)liTH

XOBaHi

SlK 3

qOJIoBiKaMH,

TaK

i

IiHKaMH.

3Haxi.uKH

nOXOBaHh

'en ia

qOJIoBiKaMH,

MO)l(JlHBO,

ai.ll'laTb

npo

rpoaaacsxe

YCBi-

1I0JIOBiK

ia

nOXOBaHHlI

B

MeJOJIiTH'I-

HOM)'

MOfHJIbKHKY

Bacnniaxa III B

Hannopbcxi (pexoncmpyxuis:

t: B.

JJe6eauHcbIWi)

,llOMJIeH~

qOJIOBiqOi

niaii cnopin-

HeHOCTi

y npoueci

CTaHOBJleH~

naTPiapXaJIhHHX

BmHOCHH.

CBOro

'lacy

A

)l.

CTOllSIp,

BH-

BqalOtIH

MarepiaJIH

I-ro BaCHJIiB-

csxoro MOrHJIhHHKa, .u.iHmOB BHC-

HOBKY, uto

nOMiTHa

nepesara '!OJIO-

Bi'IHX

noxosaas MO)l(e

6ym

HaCJIi.u-

KOM SIK narpanoxansnoro

llIJIlO6y,

TaK i BHHHKHeHHSI

BinchKoBOi

'10-

noaiuoi opranisanii, uio CKJIaJIacSl

cepea

MicueBOro

HaCeJIe~

~

nporaaii

lJY)I(HHWIM.

OcraHHix

y

Hannopixxi n ysarani B Ilonni-

npos'i

6YJIO lJHMaJIO, npo uro,

3OK-

peva,

caiman,

nani arrrpononorii,

JlocJIi.ll)l(e~

f.

<1>

•

.lle6eua,

.

T.

C. KOHJlYKTOPOBOi, I.

f1:.

fox-

B

MeJoJli-

MaHa

TIl

iH.

noxasana,

uro

mon-

HOM)'

MOfHJIbHHKY

BOJIOCbKe

HiCTh,

nOXOBaHa

B KOJIeKTHBHHX

HeKponOJISIX Haanopisosa,

6yJIa

(peconcmpyxuie

155

154

Heo,llH0Pi,u,HOIO

sa cBOiM aHTpOnOJIoriqHHM

CKJIa,u:OM.

TaK,

He6btc_

qHKH' 3

MOrHJIbHHKa

BacHJIiBKa I i

sacrana

He6bK<rnKiB ia Bacli_

JIiBKH

III xapaxrepasysanacs

BHCOKHM

3pOCTOM

,

BHJlOIDKeHHM

Bli_

COKHM

M03KOBHM

xepenoa ia

CHJIbHO

po3BHHeHHM

M'R30BIn.\

pe.1Ib€<PoM,

IllHpoKHM

06JIHl1lD1M

i cepennisr sa llIHpHHOIO

HOCOM

To6ro

pH<:aMH

rax

3BaHOro «nporoesponencsxoro- rany, Hoell

axoro

3Ha~OIO

M,iPOIO

ycnanxysana

30BHirnHiCTb

KPOMaHbHOHI-liB.

Illo )l( ,ll0

nOXOBaHHX

y

BoJIOCbKOMY

MOrHJIbHHKy,

TO

BOHH

BHlti-

JIRJIHCR

BHJlOIDKeHOIO,

ay3bKOlO

i

BHCOKOIO

M03KOBOIO

Kopo6KOIO

JlY)Ke

BY3bKHM,

BHTmlIYfHM 06.1llflNRM 3

BHCOKHMH

op6iTaMH

~

HOCOM,

1Il0 piJKO

sncrynaa

3 HOro OJIOlIlHHH. Taxe

nO€,llHaHHR

03-

HaK

r.

<1>.

Ae6eu

HaJBaB

«,llaBHbOCepe.ll3eMHOMOPCbKHM»

THITOM

Bm3HaqHBIllH, 1Il0 Bm,

isroaipao,

c<PoPMYBaBCR

B Ilepennia Alii

~

3aKaBKaJ3i.

3Binrn

HOro HOCll

qaCTKOBO

MirpyaaJrn

no

Aq,PHKH, a

qacTKOBO

-

na

IIiBHiq,

30KpeMa B Hannopixxa.

CKJIa,u:Ha

ernoicropaxaa

caryauia

B ,llaHOMY

perioai

Yxpa,

lllH He BHKJIlOtIaJIa 36pOHHHX CyTHllOK MDK pi3HHMH

rpynaua

HaCeJIeHHR,

nepenycia,

Mi)l( MicueBOIO

JIIO,llHiCTIO

i

OJIeMeHa-

MH, RKi

npOCyBaJIHCR

3 pi3HHX

aanpavia

y

6arary

npaponan-

MH

pecypcaxn

,llOJIHHY

):(Hinpa.

Taxe

npHI1YIIleHHR

ninraepa.

)l(y€TbCR 3HaxmKaMH He6j)l(qHKiB ai CJImaMH

HaCHJlbHHUbKO¥

cuepri y Me30JIiTHtIHHX

nOXOBaHHRX

Hannopixxs.

HaKOHeq·

HHKH CTpiJI, BHRBJIeHi B

KiCTKax

noxosaaax, sa

CTHJleM

Oq,OPM-

JIeHHR

HaJIe)l(aJIH He MicueBO-

MY, a 3aHllIJIOMY

HaCeJIeHHIO

.

3aXHCT nJIeMiHHOi

(<<KOpMO-

BOi., 6aTbKiBCbKOi)

reparopi

i B

sac,

KOJIH

nOCTYTIOBO

HapOCTa-

JIa

exonorisna

KpH3a, 6e30e-

pexno,

Ha6yB

nepuroxeprosoro

3HatIeHHR.

ToMY

BHHHKHeHHH

BiHCbKOBOi

opraaisauii

y Me30-

JIiTHllHOro

HaCeJIeHHR

Hanno-

pj)l()l(R MO)l(e

saaxaraca

UiJIKoM

iMOBipHHM. KOHCOJImauiR '10-

JIOBiKiB

.llJIR

saxacry

OJIeMiHHOJ

repnropii

Moma

MaTH

Micue

i B

iHIllHXOJIeMiHHHX

06'€,llHaH-

HRX.

Ilpore

HaHiMOBipHiIIIe, uro

KOHTaKTH

Mi)l( pi3HHMH

ernis-

X<iHKa

3 llMIlyY'OBaHHMH <lJan.aHI'3MH

HHMH

cninsnoraaa

B Me30JIiTi

Mi3HHuiB ia Me3OJliTH'IHoro

noxo-

6YJIH

anefiinsuroro

MHPOJII06-

BaHHJI B nexepi MYP3aK-Ko6a y

KPitMY

(pexoncmpyxuin M. M. Iepa -

HHMH

ra

cnoKiHHHMH.

cUM06a)

TaKHM qHHOM, RK

nOKa3Y£

apxeonorisaax ,ll)l(epeJI,

yTBOpeHHR

OJIeMiHHoi

opraaisauii

e ai

cratiinisauieio

ryCTOTH

HaCeJIeHHR,

nORBOIO

ocinocri,

anoxarxy

H

Bi,u,HOCHOi,

P03BHTKOM

nOHRTTR

cninsaoi

nnesda-

i(CKOPMO

BO

i,»

reparopii,

CKJIa,llaHHRM

pe)l(HMy

IT

panionansno-

,

OpHCTaHHR

ra

JaXHCTY

aia

nocarans

'I)')KHHUiB,

a

TaKO)l(

i 3

HHRM

HOBOro

CTaBJIeHHR,110

3eMJIi

RK 6aTbKiBIIlHHH.

OBa

couiansna

opraniaania

MaJIa

CKJIa,llHHH,

HeCTiHKHH

Ta

pe'IJIHBHH

xapaxrep, 3

onnoro

60Ky,

B ueH xac

aasepuran-

posnan

BeJIHKHX

nepsicaax

061IlHH

niansoro

naneoniry,

aa

i RKHX

BHHHKJIH

HeBeJIHKi

O,llHOP0,llOBi

06I1lHHH (2 - 4

i).

3

imnoro

-

,llOCHTb

BHpaJHO

npocrexycrscs

na

HOBiH

osi

06'€,llHaHHR

MaJIHX

061IlHH Y

OJIeMeHa,

RKi

na

nosarxy

MYBaHHR

HaBpM

qH 6YJIH cTiHKHMH COUiaJIbHHMH

f,llHaHHRMH. BOHH

BHHHKaJIH

na

piJHHX

reparopisx,

posna-

cs,

3'€,llHyBa..JllICR

3aHOBO

B

3aJIe)l(HOCTi

sin

KOHKPeTHHX

'PHllHHX

caryauia,

1Il0

6YJIO

xapaxrepno

.llJIR

6iJIbIllocTi MO-

x,

ine

He

UiJIKOM

Cq,opMOBaHHX

COUiaJIbHHX

06'€,llHaHb , y .

tIHCJIi H

pannix

nepxaanax

yrsopens.

Ha

cysacaosryerani

BHBtIeHHR

Me30JIiTHllHoi

enoxa

Ha,u:3BH-

o

Ba)l(KO

nocninara

xapaxrep

3B'R3KiB

MDK

piJHHMH

CTpYK-

B OJIeMeHi. ):(0

roro

)l(

BOHH

6YJIH

piJHHMH B pi3HHX

pe-

ax. B

O,llHHX

sananxax,

RK ue

cnocrepiraerscs

na

IIO,llHi-

8'i,

OJIeM'R

MaJIO

xirxi

CTpYKTYPH

ynpaBJIiHHR, 003

RKHX

He-

HBO

yRBHTH

cotii

BrnCbKOBY

opraniaauiio,

B iHnrnx - RK

6y-

OKaJaHO

na

npaxnani

Me)((HpiqqR ):(yHalO

ra

AHicTpa, ue

6y-

couiansna

opraniaauia,

RKa peryJIIOBaJIa

na

6iJIbIll

«,lleMOKPa-

,) sacanax JIHIlle llIJII06Hi

ra

ineonori-mi

yRBJIeHHRnpH

OCHO

BiJIbHHX

rocnonapcsxax

CTOCYHKax.

Y

nicoa

iti

Ta

nico-

noaia

3OHax,

BHXO,llRllH

3 naaax

ernoicropasaoro

ananisy,

MiHHi 06'€,llHaHHR

MaJIH

rnMllaCOBHH, HecTiHKHH xapaxrep.

ETHOJIOrH BH3HaqaIOTb

OJIeM'R

RK

criaxy

CYKYDHiCTb

JIIO,lleH,

iCTOPHllHO

CKJIaJIaCR

na

neaaia

reparopii

i

xapaxrepa-

heR

BmHOCHO

CTa6iJIbHHMH

OC06JIHBOCTRMH

MOBH

ra

KyJIb-

'H, a TaKO)l(

YCBmOMJIeHHRM

csoei

€,llHOCTi

H BmMiHHocTi

aia

HX nO,lli6HHX 06'€,llHaHb

(caaocaiaoaicrs),

1Il0

q,iKCY€TbCR

B

OHaJBi

(ernonisd).

B uiJIOMY

nepaicna

061IlHHa, RK

OCHOBa

exonoaisaol i

coui-

aoi

opranisauii

nepsicaoro

cycninscraa,

MaJIa

pisni

KOHKPeT-

_

icropasni

q,OpMH B ni3HbOMY

naneoniri

i Me30JIiTi. IIpOTe B

•

aananxax

IT

OCHOBHHM

eJIeMeHTOM

3aJIHIllaJIaCb

rpyna

cno-

eHHX ciMeH,

KOJIeKTHBHa

BOM

RKHX

ainirpaeana

BHPiIIIaJIb-

POJIb

B

opraaisauii

BHP06HHUTBa i B

nOBCRlGleHHoMY

)((Hm.

BCR nnana B

nepsicnosry

cycninscrai

KOHueHTpYBaJIaCR

B

!

lIl

HHi.

IlJIeM'R

ra

iauri

COUiaJIbHi yTBOpeHHR

(pm)

3,lle6iJIbIllo-

He

MaJIH

opranis

ynpaBJIiHHR.

51K

BHHRTOK,

OJIeMiHHa

pazta 3

157

156

npe,nCTaBHHKiB

06lUHH

aGo ponis MOfJIa y-rnopIOBaTHCH Ha nepi

on He6e3neKH, KOlIH BHHHKaJIa aeotixianicrs

cninsaax

,nHi •

MeTOlO

36epe)l(eHHH Ta nepeposnoniny )l(HTI€BO

8IDKJI11~

3

06'€K1'iB, aGo y

sananxax

nopyureaas

YC!aJIeHHX HOpM

no:

,niHKH

HKOIOCb

rpynoio

'IH

aaairs

OKpeMHM 'I1IeHOM

06'€,nHa}f~

. BHHHKHeHHH

BJla,nH

3YM0':'JllOBa1I0?H,

ne'pw

aa see,

HeO?xi.Q:

HICTlO perymoaaana

JKHTf€,nIH1IbHOCTI

COUlaJIbHO-eKOHOMll[lioi

opranisauii,

HKOIO

6YlIa rrepsicaa 06IUHHa, 3

MeTOlO

,36epe)l(el!.

HH

UirriCHO~T!

naaoro

CO.Ui~b~Oro

oPJ!lHi~MY,

3aXHC!y

Aoro

Bill

BnJIHBy pyHHlBHHX 30BHIWHIX I BHYTPIWHIX 'IHHHHKlB,

ynopSI,Q.

KYBaHHH

Aoro

<PYHKUiOuyBaHHH B Me)l(ax cajaoi

nepsicaoi

cOlli.

ansaoi

CHCTeMH.

TaKHM 'IHHOM, neotixinnicrs anamr, 6e3nepe'l.

HO,

B~acH

B)I(e

aa

paH~

ern~ax

BHHHKHe~HH

eran:itap.

HHX

cycmnscm He3aJIe)I(H0 Bm IXHbOI 'IHCelIbHOCTI.

.uoclIi,n)I(eHHSlMH aMepHKaHCbKHX eTHOlIOrm

noaeneaa

3aKO.

nosdpnicrs

3MiH y cTpYKTYPi npHAHHTTH piurens y

3aJIe)l(HOCTi

nin 36irrbweHHH opraaiaauijnrax P03MipiB norecraptrnx

eye.

ninscrn. 3'HCyBaJIOCb, lUO neicpapxisno opranisoaaai rpyna

BH.

HB.IDUOTb

6irrbwe

anaraocri

no npHilHHTTH piureas, ffi)I( TaKi

ca-

Mi rpyrra siepapxi-moio opraaiaauieio, lUO, AMOBipHO,

nOB'Sl3a·

HO 3 06Me)l(eHicTIO iH.1Umi.nyaJIbHHX

3,nIDHOCTeA

y

nepsicaax

JIIO·

,neA

lUO,nO

06p06KH

iH<PoPMauii

O'leBH,nHO, ueiepapxi-nry

CTpYKTYPY

MaJIa

cacreua

ynpas-

JIiHHH y npaotiuraai, B

mci:H:

anana niaepa 6YlIa MiHiMaJIbHOIO i

nOWHplOBa1IaCH

mnue

aa

oxpesd

CTpYKTYPH

rpouancsxoro

BH-

po6HHUTBa. CYTI€BOIO rrepeurxonoio aa

llI1ISIXY

craHOBJIeHHH

ni-

nepcrsa

aa

UbOMY

erani

p03BHTKY CyCniJIbCTBa 6YlIO cynepxaur-

BO

~

'I1IeHaMH COuiaJIbHOi

opranisauii,

3YMOBJIeHe

nopyurea

-

HHMH 06'€KTHBHO He06xi.llHHX

nponopuin

cycninsaoro

BHpo6-

HHUTBa i CnO)I(HBaHHH.

Bomrosac BHKOpiHlOBaHHH 3001I0ri'lHO-

ro

iH,nHBi.nyaJIilMY lliJUIXOM JanpOBa,l{)I(eHHH anann i aononapio-

BaHHH

CTaJIO

€,llHH0

MO:>K1IHBHM

JaC060M 36epe)l(eHHH

KOlIeKTH-

By i Ja6e3ne'leHHH

Aoro

6iolIOriqHOro

Bi,nTBOpeHHH.

Ha

cranii

paaasorrepaicaoi

06lUHHH 06'€KTHBHOIO

OCHOBOIO

CTaHOBJIeHWI

npaaimsaoro

Hapo,nOBJIa.LUIJI,

KOlIH

me

rre

c<pop·

MYBaJIacH

BmOKpeMJIeHa

aia

aapony

anana rrporpeciaaax Kepis-

HHKiD,

6YlIa

BmCYTHicTb p03Me)l(}'BaHHH crpep

cycninsaoro

)I(}IT-

TH. TYT He 6YlIO rue

poanoniny

anana

aa

rocnonapcsxy,

BU1Cb-

KQBY,

cynosy.

Jliaepa nopaa 3i

scisra

06lUHHHHKaMH 6panll

yqaCTb y

CyCn.i.rrbHOMY

BHp06HHUTBi i He MaJIH HiHKHX

niJIbf

Y

CnO)l(HBaHHi. BlIa,na 3.lillicHIOBaJIaCb lliJUIXOM

BirrbHoro

BOlIeBj{-

HBJleHWI BCix 'I1IeHm 06lUHHH. B

HiH

6ylIH

BmCYTHi BJla,nHi

B~"

HOCHHH

6y,nb-HKOro pmHH, a TaKi HaABa)l(JIHBiwi

Kareropll,

nOB'H3aHi 3i 3,nmCHeHWIM

BJla,nH,

HK KepmHHUTBO, ynpaBJIiHWI,

aBfOpHTeT,

CTBOPIOBa1IH

neBHY CHHKpeTIl'lHY €,nHicTb.

beo6mma

ysara

B

urn

npo6neMannti

npH.niJIH€TbCH

BH3HaqeH-

soro cnisstnaoureaas

lUO,nO

B1Ia,nH i

BOlIo,naplOBaHHH

B

urn

06IUHHi.

rue

nonenasaa

6e3nepe'lH}{j{

npiopmer

TYT

Ha-

~,

a)I(

no aerroninsaoro nauyoaHWI MaTpiapx.am.HHX

HH. HOBiTHiMH

,nOCJIimKeHIDIMH

noseaeno, iuo B cycnins-

MHC1IHBum

.i 36Hpa'IiB,

BHXOAA'lH

3

norpef

e<PeKTHBHocTI

oro

BHpOOHI{UI'Ba i opraui3auillHHX

<PoPM

<PYHKUiOuyBaHWI

, nepesara

Ha,naBaJIaCH

.niHJIbHocTI

'IQ1IOBiKiB.

OKpiM MHC-

BOHR

JaAMaJIH

'liJIbHi noaauii B saxacri 06IUHHH,

BHPOO-

i

3HapHJJ:b

npaui, BUtiIpaBaJIH npoainny pom- y

KOHCOJIi.naufi

. qOlIOBiKH

6YJIH

rroa'ssaai 3 06IUHHHOIO

3eMJIelO

He

TiJIb-

OHOMi'IHHMH, a A meolIori'IHHMH irrrepecasor - ue

ixJrn

6aTb-

a,

HKY

BOHR

MaJIH

06epiraTH aia

yciJIHKHX

aerapaanis.

p,nuaK

rrpoaimry POJlb qOlIOBiKiD Y

paaasonepeicaia

06lUH-

JlK i rrarpiapxansai BmHoCHHH B

ciM'I,

He cnia

OTOTO)l{H1OBa-

rrarpiapxarou qH 3 6y,llb-SlKHM ,nOMiuyoaHHHM 'IOlIOBiKiB Y

KTHBi.

Bonaosac He

sapro

nepetiinsurysara A 3HaqeHHH

B

nepaicuia 06IUHHi, nOCHlIalO'IHCb

aa

HKicb MaJI03P03Y-

• C06CTaBHHH» 3 BH3HaHHHM 6aTbKiBCTBa B

nepsicaosry

CYC-

i. A. .u.

CTOJIHP

BH3Haqa€ «MaTpiapxaT» paansonepnic-

06IUHHH HK

cBiTOr.1Ul.UHY

' ineonoruo, HKa He

nae

HiHKHX

as

,lI,IDI

rsepnxeaaa

npo

OC061IHBHA

CTaH «3BH'IaAHoi»

B

cycninscrni

roro

sacy. .uaJIi BiH aasnasae, mo

aasirs

1l1li0 rriaaiure rrarpiapxar He rtepecrasaa 6YTH

)l(OpCTOKOIO

xo-

'qOIO rapanleio, He3Ba)I(a!OqH

aa

re,

uro <paHTaCTH'IHHA

06-

c)I(iJIKH saarani» 3aifMaB

JaB)I(,l{H

Oc061IHBe

Micue

.

,0MiHyBaHHH B

cycnimcrai qOlIOBiKiB, )I(iJIoK 'IH

6YJJ:b-HKol

II couiansnoi

rpyrnr

asarani He

nparaaanae

CTaJJ:ii

pamrsoro

irapuoro

cycnimcrsa.

Bonnosac

cnia

naM'HTaTH,

uto

6YJJ:b-

anana cnOKOHBi'IHO aCHMeTpH'lHa,

uto

B)I(e

caxo

no

cofii

BH-

ae

aincyraicn,

«aBfOMaTH'lHol»

pinnocri

na

6YJJ:b-HKOMY

era-

nHTKY

CyCniJIbCTBa.

O,nHaK aCHMeTpiH

BJla,nHHX

Bi.nuOCHH

i

ianicn,

<PYJIKI-lrn

'I1IeHiB

cycrrinsmrx

CTpYKTYP

HKicHO Bi,nMiu-

a

pisnax

cryneasx

po3BHTKY

norecrapnoi

opraaisauii,

Heooxinno TaKO)l( 3B(l)I(HTII

na

re,

uto

BmHoweHHH

anazra

i

lo,naplOBaHHH B

paarrsonepsicuia

06lUHHi

nOWRpIOBa1IHCH,

:.nyciM,

aa

couiansai

ocepenxa

(qOlIOBiKiD i )I(iJIoK,

niren

i

C1IHX

,

ponasls

Ta

CBOHKin

i r .

ia

.), nmKOpHlO'IH THM caMHM

'HCri

brrepeca

irrrepecau

KOlIeKTHBy.

Ba)l(JIHBHM

MOMeHTOM,

HKHA

perymosaa

cratiinsnicrs

nose

-

oKpeMHX iH.nHBi.nyyMiB y

rpyni

lUO,nO

BJla,nH,

6ylIH

nepBic-

OHOHOpMH. A. I.

IlepwHU

BH3Haqa€

MOHOHOpMH

HK MaJIO-

peHumOBaHe cHHKpeTHqHe

nOHHTTH,

HKe BKJIlOqa€ B

ce6e

paJIb, i eTHKeT, i

JapO,nKH

npaBa.

BlIa,na B paHHbOnepBicHiH 06IUHHi KouueHTpyoaJIacb y

,nopoc-

158

159

JIill

iI

xacraai.

):{ml

KepiBHHUTBa

roro

'lacy

sa

HammOCTI

<paKTlf\{.

noro

ninepa 6yJIO

XapaKTepHHM

unrpoxe

OPaxyBaHIDI

JlYMOK i

no.

6IDKaHb

ycix

.u.OpOCJIHX -menis

KOJIeKTHBy

H

yxBaJIeHIDI

crriJIbliliJ(

piurens,

Ilpore

ue

He

BHKJIIO'laJtO

3Hatrny

POJIb ninepa B

opralii

.

sauii

rrOBCHK.IleHHoro

)IGITfSI

H,

rrepe.u.yciM,

snpofiamrraa.

Jlinep y

TaKiH

caryauii

3amK,llH

nparaya .u.OCHITH

3aranbliOi

snarona no

rrpHHIDITTH

OCTaTO'lHOro

piureaaa,

He

rrOPYlliYBaTli

IIJIaHH

OJq>eMHX JIIO.u.eH i rpyrr B

06mHHi,

HaMaraBCH

He

BTpalia_

TH

csoei

ri.u.HOCTI.

HaH6mbWHH

BIIJIHB

ninep

MaB

na

MOJI0n.b i

CBOlx

ponavis.

3.u.e6iJIbworo

nineposr

6ys

,llOCBm'leHHH,

anpaj,

HHH

MHCJIHBeUb

,

HKHH,

Jq>iM

roro,

.u.o6pe

3HaB

asaxai csoei

06.

mHHH,

MaB

HaBHqKH

opranisaropcsxoi

p060TH,

.Ko p HcTYBaBc

Sl

nosaroio

scix

qneHiB

o6mHHH,

ncnxonori-nro

6ys

npH.ll.aTHI1M

no

KeprnHHUTBa.

Haaxacrirue

raxoro

ninepa B

cyqacHiH

icropio,

rparpii

HaJHBaJOTb

craplaumnoio.

Ilpore

ue

30BCiM

He

03Ha1.J.a€,

uro it.u.eTbCH 3aB)I{,llH

npo

crapy JIJO.u.HHY, He3.u.aTHY

caMOCTiHliO

3aHMaTHCH

Tpy.u.OBOJO .u.iHJIbHicTJO.

Xosa

B

OKpeMHX

nananxax

TpaIlJlSlJIHCH H

raxi

CTapiHWHHH,

HKi

6YJIH

CTapHMH

aa BiKOM,

sare

BOHH

MaJIH

6araTHH

nocsin H

nowaHOBysaJIHCH

l[JIeHaMH

06mHHH.

BIIJIHB

cTapiHWHH

aa

JfGITT€.u.iHJIbHicTb

06mHHH

rex

fiysae

pi3HHM

i aanexas eia

6araTbOX

'lHHHHKiB.

Ilpore lxIDI anaaa He

6yJIa

<P0PMaJIbHOJO.

CTapiHWHHa

cnpasni

He

MaB

HmKHX

nepe-

Bar

"PH

poanonini

nponyxris

BHpo6HHUTBa

i

3.u.06Hqi,

B nepury

-repry. O.u.HaK

HOro

MaJIH

nosaxarn,

HOM)'

nmKOpSIJIHCH

sci xne-

HH

o6mHHH,

a

TaKO)l(

rocri i

npe.u.CTaBHHKH

iHWHX

06mHH

, 60

BiH

yoc06JIJOBaB

He

CBOi

OC06HCTi

inrepeca, a iarepecn scix

xneaia

06IUHHH,

i B nepury xepry i-inopocnoi rpyna, 3HeBIDKJII1-

Be CTaBJIeHHSI no

cTapiHWHHH

y .u.eHKHX

naponis

KapaJIOCH ,ll)')Ke

cysopo.

CTapiHWHHH

3.u.e6iJIbworo

YOC06JIIOBaJIH

06mHHY

Ha

scix

npe.u.CTaBHHUTBax

aa i"i

Me)l(aMH.

,nyxOBHa

K)'JlbTYPa

.

OC06JIHBe

3Ha'ieHIDI

y

BHB'leHHi

icropii

nepslcnoro cycninscrsa

MaIOTb

.u.OCJIi}I.)I(eHIDI,

nOB'H3aHi

3

Bin-

TBopeHIDIM

piBIDI

p03BHTKY

iHTeJIeKTY

i nyxoenoi KYJIbTYPH nep-

nicnoi JIIO.u.HHH, i"i

HaMaraHIDIMH

niJHaTH

HaBKOJIHWH€

cepeno-

naure,

CSiT

ysarani,

iHaHTH

CBO€

Micue

B

HbOM)'

.

CaM

no

cofii

npouec

3pOCTaHIDI

iHTeJIeKTYaJIbHoro

H nyxonnoro

nOTeHuiaJI

Y

B cycnimcrni

6ys

yxpan

CKJIanHHM

i cynepexmtaaa.

BiH

3YMOB-

JIJOBaBCH

6araTbMa

'lHHHHKaMH

i

MaB

pisni

KOHJq>eTHo-icTOPI1I./-

Hi

npoana

.

Ilpore,

CnHpalO'IHCb

na

nonepenni

naai

npo

raopxy

niane-

nicrs

nepaicnoi

JIJO.u.HHH,

cnpotiyesto

BmTBOpHTH

nesxi

MOMeH-

TH

ii

6y.u.eHHoro

)l(HTTH,

janyqHBWH

npa

UbOM)'

sci

6iJIblll-

MeHW

niporiaai

CBm'leHHH

npo

ii

.nyxOBHY

H

iHTeJIeKTYaJIbHY

p i-

SlJIbHicTb.

Ptll(iOHilJIbHi

3HtlHHR.

51K

BmoMO,

6JIH3bKO

3 MJIH

POKiB

JIIO-

a

neas

y .u.eHb BHfOTOBJISlJla ia

KaMeHIO

MHCJIHBCbKY

36pOIO

iHW i

aaapsnas

npaui.

Hanpaxiaui

Me30JIiTY

ui 3HapSl.lllJ.Sl

6y-

He

TiJIbKH

3Ha'lHO

e<peKTHBHiwHMH,

anix

nonepemri, a H

ec-

HO-.u.OBepweHiwHMH.

BOHH

3.u.e6LrIbworo

6yJIH

o6p06JIeHi

WrnaHi

3 JOBeJIipHOJO

TO'lHiCTIO

i BeJIHKOJO

MaHCTepHicTIO.

O.u.HaK

cnpasa

naslri,

He

B

UbOM)'.

Ilepur

Hj)I(

3p06HTH

erpex-

BY

H

eCTeTH'lHO

.u.OCKOHany

36poJO,

JIJO.u.HHi neofixinno

6yJIO

pe

3HaTH

i

BMiTH

OUiHJOBaTH HKOCTI

KaM'HHHx

nopia, uio,

yMOBHO

cnpaano

HaKOnH'IeHHIO

MiHepaJIOn'lHHX3HaHb.

I3

Me)l(}{oi

KiJIbKOCTi

ripcsxax nopin JIIO.u.HHa nocrynoso na-

aCH

BmpiJHSlTH

He

JIHWe

ri ,

HKi

MOrJIH

6YTH

ninaaai

no-

bwill

06p06ui

3 MeTOJO

BHroTOBJIeHIDI

He06xmHHX

3HapMb

no

roro

)I(

ainnoainaoi

HKOCTi),

a H

ri

, uio

MOrJIH

6YTH

erpex-

8HO

BHKOPHCTaHi

aa

6y.u.iBHHUTBi

piJHoMaHiTHHx

cnopyn ia

croCyBaHIDIM

KaMeHJO

ra

iHWHX

MaTepiaJIiB.

Ilpore

UHM

He

06Me)l(yBaJIHCH

3HaHIDI

nepsicmrx JIIO.u.eH

I,110

BJIaCTHBOCTeH ripcsxax nopin,

Ha

rIOCeJIeHHHX nepsicnoi

IIlHHH

3Hait.u.eHi

'lHCJIeHHi

yJIaMKH

nepenaneaoro

.u.pi6H03ep-

CTOro

03aJIiJHeHoro

nicKOBHKa,

TeMHO-6yporo

MepreJIIO,

BOX-

, a

TaKO)l(

<pap60p03THpa'li,

TOBKa'li

.llJISI

<pap6

,

.u.pi6Hi

BiCTpH,

neuii,

P03TepTi

na

nopOWOK

nepenaneaan

niCKOBHK,

Mep-

b, soxpa BHKOpHCTOByBaJIHCH

HK

6apBHHKH

.llJISI

P03MaJIlO-

IDI

O,WIry,

a

TaKO)l(

.llJISI

TaTYlOBaHIDI

ra

P03MaJIbOBysaHIDI

ri-

JIJO.u.HHH

npa

06PMOBHX

uepesroaiax. Hepsoai,

6JIH3bKi

no

sopy

xposi,

BOHH

xacro cynpoaozrxynamr

MepTBHX

y

noxo-

IDIX

na

Me30JIiTH'IHHX

MOrHJIbHHKax

Haanopixxa

Ta

KPHM)'

.

BPM

'1H

MO)l(}{a

cYMHiBaTHCH

B

TOM)',

uto

nepwi

nOWYKH

JIIO-

HH

B

xiMi'lHrn

ranysi

6yJIH

nOB'H3aHi

cave 3

BHrOTOBJIeHIDIM

epaJIbHHX

6apBHHKiB.

HaKOnHqeHHJO

3HaHb

ia reorparpii

'ra

fiionorii

cnpIDUIH

He-

xianicrs

y,llOCKOHaJIeHIDI

MHCJIHBCbKOro

rrpouacny

ra

npoue-

p03l[JIeHYBaHIDI

i

o6p06KH

TYW

MHCJIHBCbKOi

3.u.06H'li.

Ml1c-

·

neus

MaB

noope

3HaTH

He

TiJIbKH

OC06JIHBOCTI peaserpy

Mic-

ro

nOJIJOBaHIDI i

BiJIbHO

Opi€HTyBaTHCH

Y

npocropi

, a H

an

Ta

3BHqKH

pi3HHX

npe.u.CTaBHHKiB

rsapaanoro

c.BiTY,

6io-

riio

P03MHO)l(eHIDI

npOMHCJIOBHX

TBapHH

, CKJIan i Icr inxi

ocri

pOCJIHH.

Ee3

UHX

3HaHb

BIDKKO

6yJIO

ycniumo BeCTH

MHC-

BCbKO-36HPaJIbHHUbKe

rocnonapcrno H HeMO)I(JIHBO 6YJIO 6 Y

IO,llaJIbWO

M)'

nepeara

no

nosrecraxauil pOCJIHH i

TBapHH

.

P03BHTOK

BHp06HHUTBa

TaKO)l(

3YMOBJIIOBaB

norpetiy

B

no-

bWOM)'

yaocxouaneaai

MaTeMaTHqHHX

ra

aCTpOHOMi'lHHX

ans,

OCTaHHiM

'1aCOM

apXeOJIOrH

.u.rnlliJIH BHCHOBKY, · IUO

a'lHa

'1aCTHHa

niJHbOnaJIeOJIiTH'IHHX

Ta

Me30JIiTWIHHX

BHpO-

' 8

i3

KiCTOK Ta

BHTBOpiB

MHCTeUTBa,

HKi

6YJIH

CBOro

'lacy

<mpH-

160

161

xpaureni» piJHoMaHiTHHMH 3apy6KaMH, HMKaMH,

XpeCTHKa~Ul

xpanxasra

TOIUO,

Biu06paxa€

npouec

CTaHOBJIeHHH

i

P03BHTI<Y

CHCTeMH

JIi'l6H Ta

KaJIeHJJ,apHHX

(aCTpOHOMi'lHHX)

yHBJIeHb

y

nepaicaoxry cycninscrni.

ITepeJlYMOBH p03YMiHHH ueofixiauocri KiJIbKicHHX

yHBJIeHb

i

onepania

BH3prnaJIH y

nOBCSIKJl:eHHOMY

)I(}ffTi

rrepsicnoi

JIIOJU1~

HH i 6YJIH nOB'HJaHi 3

ri

npaKTWlHOIO .uiHJIbHicTIO:

p03'IJIeHYBaH~

HHM KpeM'HHOi CHpOBHHH, p03nO.umOM

npozryxris

MHCJIHBCbKO_

ro

npoxacny,

CKJIa.u.aHHHM

ia OKpeMHX 'IaCTHH HaKOHe'lHHKiB

crpin,

cnOpYJOKeHHHM

XHTeJI

TOIUO

. MaTeMaTH'IHi

yHBJIeHHH

Ha

OCHOBi

UHX

cnocrepexem,

nO'laJIH

CKJIa.u.aTHCH,

HMOBipHO, IUe B

paHHbOMY

neneoniri

.

ITm

'lac

niansoro

naJIeoJIiTY Ta Me30JI

iry

nepnicaa

JIIO.uHHa,

6e3YMOBHO,

B:lKe

.uOCHTb

BmbHO

aononina

Ha~

BH'IKaMH JIi'l6H, IUO 3HaHlllJIO

CBO€

Biu06paxeHHH

B

'IHCJIeHHI1X

rpa<l>i'lHHX BHTBOpax

roro

'lacy.

Hasenesso CnO'IaTKY

nexinsxa

npaxnanis

MaTeMaTH'IHHX

3HaHb

aaponis

CHHnOJIiTeHHHX cycninscra, CKOOMO, 6YWMeHH

3HaJIH

UH<I>PH

1, 2, 3, 4. Borueseuensui

paxysann

no

n'SlTH.

ABcTpaJIiHUi

MaJIH

«CHCTeMY»

nOHHTb

JJ.JIH

B.H3Ha'leHHH 'IHCeJI I,

2, 3. IT'HTb

nepenasanocs

HK 2

nJIlOC

3.

Kinsxicrs

fiinsure

necs-

TH

nepenasanacs

YJaraJIbHIOIO'IHM

nOHHTTHM

«6araT<)>>.

AH

aJIi3

naM'HToK

MHCTeUTBa

nisnsoro naJIeoJIiTY

nas

MO)I(JIHBicTb

3'SlCY-

BaTH, IUO

nepsicai

JIIO.uH

MaJIH .uBi

CHCTeMH

JIi'l6H: n'HTepH'IHy

ra CeMHpH'IHY (3

nJIlOC

4).

IT'HTepH'lHa

CHCTeMa,

na

JlYMKY

.uocJImHHKiB,

nOXO.llHTb

sia

6ioJIori'lHOI

6y.uOBH

Tina

JIIO,llHHH

-

n'ars

nansnin

na

xinuisxax.

CeMHpH'IHa, - HMOBipHO, nOB'H3aHa 3

YCBmOMJIeHlUIM

KmbKOC-.

ri

nnin

MiCH'lHOro

UHKJIY

, B

HKOMY

ciM .uHiB Bi,uMipHIOTb 'IOTHpH

<l>aJH

MicHUH. YCBiuoMJIeHHH naneonira-moio

JIIO,llHHOIO

MicH'{-

noro

KaJIeHJJ,apH

ninrsepnxyerscs

TaKO:lK

aHaJIiJoM

.ueHKHX

rpa-

BiHOBaHHX

a6CTpaKTHHX

CIO:lKeTIB,

HKi MalOTb pHTMillHe

nOBTO-

plOBaHHH 03Ha'iOK

pisaoro

po.u.y

B

xinsxocri

28-MH,

ra

6mbW-

MeHllI HaTYPaJIicTH'IHe

306paxeHIDI

MicHUH B piJHHX

<l>aJax.

TaK,

na

O,llH0MY 3 yJIaMKiB

KiCTHHHX

HaKOHe'lHHKiB 3 Me30-

JIiTH'IHOro

nOCeJIeHHH

MHpHe

'IiTKO nOMiTHi 'IOTHpH

rpyna

aa-

cisox.

TPH

3 HHX

CKJIa.u.aIOTbCH

3 pOM60no.ui6Hoi <l>irypH B

near-

pi,

6imI

roCTpHX

KyTiB

HKOi

ssepxy

i 3HH3Y

uaneceai

no

xorap«

a60

TpH

napanensai

nacisx».

qiTKa

pHTMiKa rpa<l>i'lHHX KOMno-

3HUiH, 6e3nepeQHO, € Biu6HTKOM

.uOCHTb

CTaJIHX

MaTeMaTH'IHHX

3HaHb,

nepenycisr

p03BHHeHoi

CHCTeMH

JIi'l6H.,

onepauinaavn

O.llHHl1lU1MH

HKoi 6yJIH 'IHCJIa 4 H 3,

'ra

reOMeTpWlHHX

Ha.u.6aHb.

Hanesne,

ui

reoverpasni

KOMn03HUll MaJIH MariQHe 3Ha'leHH5f

H

Bo.uHO'IaC

MornH

6YTH Biu06paxeHHHM

,llOCHTb

CKJIa.u.HHX

xa-

JIeHJJ,apHHX

(aCTpOHOMi'lHHX) yHBJIeHb.

.uOCHTb

siporiznro

noseneno

TaKO:lK

3HaHHH naJIeOJIiTWlHOlO

\llHHOIO

COIDPIHOrO

KaJIeHJJ,apH,

JJ.)I(epeJIOM

BHB'IeHHH HKOro €

d TBOpH

MHCTeUTBa

naJIeOJIiTH'IHOi

JIIO.uHHH,

HK

rpasiaosa-

H 6pacJIeT ia 6HBHH MaMyTa,

3HaH.u.eHHH

B

Mi3HHi,

Ta

opna-

leHTOBaHa

nJIaCTHHa 3 6HBHH MaMYTa,

BHHBJIeHa

B ,llHTSI'I0MY

iOXOBaHHi

aa

nOCeJIeHHi MaJIbTa B

CH6ipy

. BO,llHO'IaC ,llpi6Hi

MipH

'lacy

(CKOOMO,

ronaaa)

nepnicnoso

JIIO,llHHOIO

He YCBi-

OMJIIOBaJIHCb.

qac

BH3Ha'iaBCH 'IaCTHHaMH .u06H,

nanpnxnan:

iTaHOK,

nonynens,

aens,

sesip,

Hi'l.

PiK p03nO,lliJIHBcH aa

ce-

HaMH, nOB'HJaHHMH 3 BHpo6HH'lHM

UHKJIOM.

Ysara

no

COHUH

i MicHUH 6yJIa BHKJIHKaHa, Ma6YTb, He

crins-

nOTpe6aMH

'IaCOBHX

BHMipIOBaHb,

CKiJIbKH

He06xiuHicTIO

i€HTYBaTHCH

na

MicueBocTi

nin

'lac

MHCJIHBCbKHX

Ta 36HpaJIb-

HUbKHX

MaHJJ,prnOK.

.

Jl06pe

Opi€HTYBaHHH

na

MicueBOCTi He nmKpiUJIIOBaJIOCH

·KHM

BHMiplOBaHHHM

eiacraaea

. BeJIHKi sincraai BHMipIOBa-

CH

,llHHMH nonopoxl,

MeHwi

-

nOJIbOTOM

CTpmH 'IH

crmca,

e MeHIUi -

.uOBXHHOIO

KOHKpeTHHX

npenxeris

i 'IaCTHH Tina

I.uHHH,

ain

xoro

nOXOJJ.HTb

raxi

MipH

,llOB:lKHHH

HK, CKOOMO,

iKOTb»

'IH

«<I>YT».

Ilepaicna

JIIO.uHHa

sononina

eJIeMeHTapHHMH 3HaHHHMH 3

e.uHUHHH, He06xi.u.HHMH

JJ.JIH

roro,

IU06 YMiTH

WBHJJ.KO

naaara

e.uH'IHy

nonouory

norepninasr.

TaK,

ascrpaniaui BMinH JIiKy-

TH nepeJIOMH

lllJIHXOM

HaKJIa.u.aHHH

WHH Ta

<l>iKCyID'IHX

nOB

'H-

K. BOHH npHnHHHJIH KpOBOTeqy :lKHpoM HIUipKH, nOneJIOM Ta

BYTHHHHM.

BHCMOKTYBaJIH

KpOB Ta

npanixana

paay,

IU06

eHTpaJIiJyaaTH

nuo

OTpYTH

nicns

YKYCY

3Mii. He:lKHTb

JIiKYBaJIH

pOBOIO

JIaJHelO, HKY

BJIaWTOBYBaJIH

B TaKHH

cnoci6

: BHKOny-

H B

rpyirri HMY, B HKY.

ciaana

JIIO.uHHa.

Ilopyx ia

XBOpHM

B

Y

CTaBHJIH

nepes

'any

nOCY,llHHY

3

BO,llOIO,

B HKY

KH,llaJIH

p03-

esene

KaMrnHH, a

noriu

3aKpHBaJIH HMY

ssepxy,

IU06

JIIO,llHHa

orna

nporpiracs

raps-roio

napoio.

XBop06y

lllJIYHKY JIiKyaaJIH

CTOpOBHM

MaCJIOM,

eBKaJIirnOBOIO

CMOJIOIO

,

UH6YJIHHOIO

opx

i-

:ei. 3acTOcoByaaJIH

nepsicni

JIIO.uH

i nCHXoTepaneBTH'IHi MeTO-

JIiKYBaHHH,

KOJIH

JIiKYBaHHH

aasepurysanocs

HaKaJOM

BCTaTH

npHc1)'I1HTH

no

p06oTH.

OpHriHaJIbHHH 3BH'IaH

npOCTe:lKeHHH

C.

M.

6i6iKOBHM

nia

ac

.uOCJIi.u.:lKeHHH

napnoro

Me30JIlTH'IHOro

nOXOBaHHH

y

rpori

yp3aK-K06a

y KPHMY. B

npoueci

p03KonOK Ta

anarosdxnoro

BQeHHH

:lKiHO'IOro

KiCTHKa

6yJIO

a'ncosaao,

IUO B He6i:lK'1Hui

'JIH

asmyroaaai

nai

OCTaHHi

<l>aJIaHrH

na

MiJHHUSlX

ofiox

PYK,

WlOMY

asmyrauiio

6yJIO 3p06JIeHO IUe aa

:lKH1TH

:lKiHKH, H,

I'leBHJJ.HO,

BOHa MaJIa

06pHJJ.OBe

3Ha'leHHH. Ilea 3BH'IaH

6ya

no-

b nOIUHpeHHH cepen

HaCeJIeHHH

piauax

KOHTHHeHTIB

i B

pia-

. iCTOPHQHi 'IaCH,

nin

naJIeoJIiTY

no

cepennsosi-rt» BKJIIO'IHO, H

8

pisue

ineonori-nre

HaBaHTa:lKeHHH, IUO neBHOIOMipolO

yTpy-

162

163

mnoexoasperasauho

06PMOBHX yaaneas, HKHMH

KepYBa.J1I1CSl

MeIIIKaHui

rpOTY

npa

HOro BI1KOHaHHi.

Y

3B'H3KY

3

OnHCaHMM

06PMOBHM

Ka.J1iu'rBOM,

BHJ:tinHMO

uie

O.nHH

acnexr

iHTeJIeKTYaJIbHoro p03BHTKy Me30JIiTINHOi

JIIO.lll1~

HH. He3BIDKaIOllH

na

HeraTHBHY

OUiHKY

<t>aKJY

asrrryrauii, caMa

no

cofii

nona

sacaimye

nesni

.nOCHrneHHH

xipyprixnoi

npaxru,

KH

nepsicnoi

JIIO.nHHH

.

KpiM

asuryrauii

KiHuiBOK,

na

ocreonn,

ri'lHHX

MaTepia.J1ax

Me30IDTHl[HOrO

'lacy

npocrexeai

TPenaHauiS{

xepena,

BupHBaHHH 3y6iB,

JIiKYBaHHH

nepenouin

TOlIlO.

.l(OCI1Th

BHCOKHH

.llJIH

Tiei

.n06H

piaeas

rrpaxraxuol

xipyprii,

OqeBl1.llHO

. . ,

cynposonxyeaaca

3HallHHMH

.nOCHrneHHHMH

1 B lHlIIHX

raJIy35D{

Me.nH'IHOi npaKTHKH

'ra

<t>apMaKOJIorii, HKi

CKJIanHO

rrpocrexn,

TH Ha apxeonorisnax Marepia.J1ax. '

Beanepexno,

3pOCTaHHH

pauiOHa.J1bHHX

3HaHb

3HaxO.nMJIO

CBO€

Bi.n06paxeHHH nepe.nyciM y p03BHTKY

MOBH.

CJIi.n

aaysaxa.

TH, 1Il0

pisaoaaairaicn,

CJIOBHHKOBoro

sanacy

nepsicaax

JlIO-

.neH Han3BH'laihIo

BeJIHKa,

aaairs

ia TOllKH 30Py p03BHHeHoi

MO

~

BH

cysacaoi

JIIO.nHHH.

TaK,

MOBH

afioparenia

ABC1"pa.J1ii

Ha.J1il£Y

~

IOTb

nonan

10 000

CJIiB.

Illonpaaaa, B MOBax aBcTPaJIiHuiB Bill-

cyrai

yaaransruoioxl

nOHHTTH

smnoro

piaas

(~pOCJIHHM»,

«TBa-

pHHHl>

TOlIlO). Bonaosac y HHX €

nOHHTTH

'

cepennsoro

pisna

yaaransneana

(<<.nepeBa»

, «rpasae, «QarapHHK», «HlIlipKH» H

ra-

xe ia.).

OaraTCTBO

MOBHOro

CKJIany

3YMOBJIeHe

KOHKpeTHOIQ

.

<t>OpMOIO

MHCJIeHHH,

HKe nOTPe6y€

BeJIHKOi

KiJIbKOCri

KOHKpeT-

HHX

nOHHTb.

TaK,

apxrusai

MHCJIHBUi

na

MopCbKoro asipa Ta

OJIeHH

xapifiy

MalOTb

oxpesd

CJIOBa

.llJIH

BH3HaQeHHH

pisno

ro

CTaHY

cniry:

csixa

nopoura,

HaCT,

nopoura

no

HaCTY,

CHiI",

HKMH

nOQaB

raayra,

CHiI", HKHH

rroxas

3HOBy

3aMepJaTH, TOlIlO.

Mucmeumeo

. IIOHRa

na.J1eOJIiTH'lHOro

MHCTeUTBa

B

uinost

y

36ira€TbCH 3 nOllaTKOM

nisnsoro

na.J1eoJIiTY.

3ra.naHi

smue

ne-

peJlYMOBH

BHHHKHeHHH

MHCTeUbKHX"

raopia y MyCTb€PCbKuH -rac

Bi.n6HBaIOTb

nOcTynOBHH

rrpouec

HaKOnH'leHHH

nocaiay

B ofipa-

30TBOPllOMy

ainofipaxeaai

HaBKOJIHIIIHbOro cepenosauia. P03-

B

'HTOK

naneonrnrsnoro MHCTeurna .n06pe

npocrexyersca

npo-

THroM

iCHYBaHHH

pannsonepstcnoi

061I1HHH:

ain

npOCTHX,

npo-

KpeCJIeHHX

a60

npOMa.J1bOBaHuX

JIiHrn,

sotipaxem,

,qaCTHH TBa-

pHH

llH

JIIO.neH

na

nosarxy

rtisnsoro

naneoniry

-

no

CKJIanHHX

6araTOKOJIbOPOBHX

KOMn03HIJ;rn KiHUH

nisasoro

na.J1eoJIiTY

Ta

CTKJIiJOBaHHX

i CXeMaTINHHX

sofipaxem,

y Me30JIiTi.

Ofipaaorsopxe

MHCreUTBO

no.niJIH€TbCH

na

)lQ{BOnHC,

rpa-

BlloBaHHH,

6apeJIb€<t>

Ta

CKYJIbnTYPY,

a TaKOX

na

MOHYMeHTaJIb-

He

MHCTeUTBO

()IQ{BOllilC

rarpaauoeanaa

na

criaax rresep) i

MHcreUTBO

Ma.J1HX

<pOPM

(HeBeJIHKi

TBOpH

MHCTeUTBa

3

KaMeHlO

,

KiCTKH,

pory

a60

306paxeHHH

aa

anapaansx

npaui

ra

npenae-

Tax

nofiyry).

3a

CKJIanOM

TBOpm MHCreurBa,

<t>OpMOIO

ra

CTKJIeM

rl1

C!J

.~

n

J§

~~

1-

3pa3KH

06paJOTBopQoro

MHCTeUTBa

n3J1eOiliTIRHoi

,ao6H:

1 - ..ari'lHll

eUCHa

3

6apeJlh€<jliB

JlOCC<JIi;

2 - rpllBiJloBlUri

306pa;1(eHHll

JllOjleli

,paxeHb

.nOCJIi.nHHKH

Bl1.lliJIHIOTb

nexinsxa

rrpoaiauia:

rppan-

-KaHTa6prnCbKY,

Cepe.n3eMHOMOpCbKY,

cxinay

TOlIlO.

<DpaHKO-KaHTa6prnCbKa

npoBiHuiH

MiCTHTbCH

y npHaTJIaH-

• U Cnponi, nepur sa

BCe

y <DpaHUii'

'ra

Icnaaii, Caste

TYT

eni

BCeCBiTHbOBinoMi

rtexepa

3 peaJIiCTHllHHM

)lQ{BOnHCOM

rpaebosanaasr

(Ansrauipa,

lliICKO,

Hio

ra

iH.)

.

Cepeaaeaaovopcsxa

rrposiauia

3aHMa€ Iraniio,

niaaeas

aanil

Ta

nianemro-cxinay

Icnaauo.

Ii

MOXHa p03rJIMaTH

HI<:

:epH

<t>

ep

llo

rppaaxo-xaaratipiacsxol

rrpoaiauii,

Macretrrso

na

• U

reparopii

Bi.nphHH€TbCH 6iJIblII01O CXeMaTH'lHicTIO 306pa-

:eHb.

KpiM

roro,

y UbOMy

perioai

BHHBJIeHO

BeJIHKY

xinsxicrs

paxeas

KMCTeH

PYK

JIIO,lUiHH.

Cxinna

nposinula

npOCTHra€TbCH

Bin Cepenasoi

€BponH

no

H6ipy

. OcKiJIbKH B UbOMy

perioni

MeHlIIe

nexep,

TYT

6iJIb1II0-

p03BHTKY

Ha6YJIH

CKYJIbnTYPHi

306paxeHHH

'ra

opaavearans-

e rpaaiioeaaaa

no

KiCTUi.

)lUmollilcHi

TBOpH

BHHBJIeHi

JIHlIIe B

esepax

Ypany

(Kanosa Ta Iruariiacsxa). TBopH

nesepaoro

creirrsa

sinaaaneno, HK npaBKJIO, y rJIH6HHi nesep, Y

nese-

i

Hio

(<DpaHuiH),

aarrpaxnan,

BOHH

posraurosaai na

sincrani

3bKO

500 M

Bin

BXO.ny

. 306paxeHHH oKpeMHX TBapHH a60

IOxeTHi

eJIeMeHTH

yrBOplOIOTb

cxnanni

KOMn03Huii, ofi'enaani

e JIHlIIe 30pOBHM PMOM, a H

cninsaoio

ineeio. Taxi

.niJIHHKH

exep,

osesaaao,

6yJIH.

KYJIbTOBHMH

MicUHMH, ne B

nirssd,

npa

ryqHoMy

oCBiTJIeHHi

nepsicni

JIIO,lUi

3.niHCHIOBaJIH

MarillHi

06-

'H.llH

is 3anyqeHHHM UHX 306paxeHb. Y KOHTeKcTi

ui

306paxeH-

MaJIH

nepe.nyciM 3HaKoBy

<PyHKUllo,

i JIHlIIe

nocrynoso,

3

3BHTKOM

nonixposmocri

Ta

y.nOCKOHaJIeHHHM

<t>OPM

i reXHiKH

165

164

306pIDKeHb

<l>OpMyBaJIOCH

Ix eCTeTH'lHe CIIpHHHHTTH, mOB1IaClie

H nae IIiucTaBH roBOpHTH IIpO

MHCTeUTBO

Y IIpHMOM)'

p03YMili~

Hi

usoro

CJIOBa.

z

npHKPaCH naneonrnoraol

momnrn:

1 - IlllMHCTO 3 BHkODHHll

MYWOJIb

; 2 -

6pacnCT

i3

6HBIIJI

..

ucyra

Y p03BHTKY

naneonirsemoro

MHCTeUTBa

POJpiJIDlIOTb

'1OTH-

pa

xpoaonorisai

CTKTli:

1) 32 - 27

THC.

poxis

TOM)' - He'lHC-

JIeHHi 306pIDKeHHH rOJIiB

a60

nepennix

'1aCTHH

TBapHH y TeXHi-

ui

rpaBOOBaHHH; 2) 26 - 22

THC.

poxis TOM)' - IIOHBa

HOBHX

)l(aHpiB:

CKYJIbIITYPH

ra

XHBOIIHCY; 3) 21 - 17

THC.

poxis

TOM)'

- IIOcryrrOBHH

P03BHTOK

ycix

xaapiu;

4) 16 - 10

THC.

POKiBTO-

M)' - P03KBiT IIaJIeoJIiTH'lHOro

MHCTeUTBa.

Ha

ueH

'lac

IIpHIIa-

nae

6JIH3bKO

70

aincorxis

BmoMHX 306pIDKeHb.

P03BHTOK

)l(HBOIIHCy

aa

TePHTOpIT

YKPalHH B IIaneOJIiTHtI-

HHH

'lac

Bm6yaaBCH

iHllIHM

llIIDIXOM,

aa

BmMiHy

sin

THX

perio-

HiB,

ne

sarpixcosani

aaaxpauu

3paJKH IIOJIixpOMHHX

BHTBOpiB

naneonirasnoro

MHCTeUTBa

. BHKopHcTaHHH

<l>ap6H

'

TYT

6YJI0

,llOCHTb

IIOlllHpeHHM,

rrpore

)KHBOIIHC,

HK i

rpasuosanns,

MaB B

OCHOBHOM)'

opHaMeHTaJIbHHH

xapaxrep,

5lcKPaBi 3paJKH opHaMeHTaJIbHOrO )l(HBOIIHCy sarpixcosani B

MiJHHi,

ne

B

OJI.HOM)'

3 )K}ITeJI

saaaneaa

KOMIIaKTHa

rpyrra

xic-

TOK MaMYTa (JIOIIaTKa, ,llBi HIDKHi meJIeIIH, crernosa,

TaJOBa

KiCTKH,

yJIaMOK

JI06Hol

'1aCTHHH

xeperta), p03IIHcaHHX '1epBO-

HOIO

BOxpOIO.

OCHOBHi eJIeMeHTH p03IIHCy -

XBHIDlCTa

JIiHm,

sarsar,

KYT,

napanensai

IIPHMi Ta IIOXIDIi JIiHiL Y cxoxin TeXHi-

ui

BHKOHaHO

CTHJIiJOBaHe

306pIDKeHHH BOfHlO (6araTTH)

aa

se-

peni

MaMYTa 6iJIH

BXO.ny

B

nepure

Mexaplusxe

)lGlTJIO.

KpiM

BOxpH piJHHX

sizrrixxin

-

ain

TeMHO-BHllIHeBOro no

CBiTJIO-po)l(eBOro,

BHKOpHCTOByBaJIaCb

)l(OBTa

soxpa

, '10pHa

<l>ap-

6a

(OKHC

MapraHl.{1O

i

CIDKa)

H 6iJIa

<l>ap6a

(sreprem.).

qOPHO!O

<l>apQOIO

IIo<Pap60BaHi B

Mi3HHi

nesxi

CKYlIbIITypKH i 6pacJIeT.

3a<l>iKcoBaHi iHCTpYMeHTH

.llJIH

p03THpaHHH

<l>ap6

(TOBKa'li,

apaxi)

ra

CBO€pmHi «OJIiBUi» -

6pYCO~KH

ra

6araTorpaHHH-

BOxpH,

orpaaeni

y

npoueci

p03THpaHHH i BHKopHcTaHHH.

B Yxpaiai HaCTimrnw

)iQ{BOIIHC

BHHB1IeHO

TiJIbKH

B

O,llHOM)'

. ui. Ile BaJIaM)'TiBcbKa nesepa

na

rrpaeosry 6epeJi

)lHicTpa

epaiseusxa

06JI.).

Ha

crinax

uiei

KapCTOBol

nesepa

BmKPHTO

3bKO

lUeCTH.lleCHTH

rpyrr

CTIUIiJOBaHHX

MOHOxpoMHHX

MaJIJOH-

is, 3po6JIeHHX

CIDKelO.

P03MipH 306pIDKeHbHeaeJIHKi -

no

25

CM.

~iJHH€TbCH

TpH

rpyna

CIO)I(eTIB:

aHTpoIIOMOp<pHi

306pIDKeHHH,

MOp<pHi,

JIiHrnHo-reOMeTPH'IHi.

P03rri3HaJOTbCH

,06paJH

pora-

JIlO,lleH

3 IIi.a;IrnTHMH

PYKaMH,

306pIDKeHHH

JIY'lHHKiB.

[paBOOBaHHH

anefiinsuroro

BHKOpHcToByaarm

.llJIH

O<l>OpM-

HHH OpHaMeHTaJIbHHX KOMII03Hlliw,

nepiaxo

,llOCHTb

CKJIa,llHHX.

Ha,ll3BH'IaWHO

uixasa

saaxiaxa

6YJIa

BHHB1IeHa

B. B.

Xnoa-

plO

na

KHpKTliBCbKOM)' IIOCeJIeHHi (M.

KHiB),

na

BmCTaHi

QO

M

sin

OCHOBHOro

posxorry,

cepea HeBeJIHJ(oro

CKYJI'IeHHH

'JIbTYPHHX

peurrox,

Y

CKJIa,llHiH

rpaniaosaain

KOMII03HUii is

HXOBaHHX

IIOJIiB,

aarsaris,

XBHIDlCTHX

JIiHrn,

«paxisaax

JIi-

' -OK», ,llpa6HHOK

neaxi

,llOCJImHHKH

B6a'lalOTb 306pIDKeHHH BO-

, '1epeIIaXH, roJIOBH

MaMYTa,

3 BIIHcaHOIO B

nei

roJIOBOIO

IITa-

-

rnrry

JIeJIeKH

a60

)l(}'PaBJIH

.

Ilea

ClO)I(eT

p03rJIH,lla€TbCH

H.K

06pIDKeHHH' TpbOX crpep

rrpapona,

uto

OTOqyBa.1IH

IIepBicHY

',llHHY:

3eMHol - IIOBiTpHHOl -

BO,llHHoL

He

MeHllI

CKJIa,llHHH

ClO)I(eT

BHrpaBOOBaHHW

na

yJIaMKY

6ifB-

3

Mexapis.

)leXTo 3 ,llOCJImHHKiB

y6a'la€

B HbOM)' 306pIDKeH-

'1OTHpbOX

)l(HTeJI

IIOCeJIeHIDl,

na

llYMKY iHllIHX

inerscs

rrpo

IIHC pe3YJIbTaTIB CIIOCTepe)l(eHb sa

3MiHOlO

ce30HiB 'ra UHKJIiB.

3Ha'lHe

Micue

B

MHCTeUTBi

IIaJIeoJIiTHtIHOl

JIlO,llHHH

3aWMaJIH

.

osi

craryerxa, HKi

BHroTOB1IHJIHCH,

rrepeaaxno,

3 6HBHH Ma-

, a

iHKOJIH

3 KaMeHIO, BaIIHHKY, 6YPlUTHHY. J.[K IIpaBHJIO,

HH

6YJIH

HeBeJIHKi sa p03MipOM.

Haw6iJIbllIi

eK3eMIIJIHpH He

:epeBHIJ.JYB3..TlH

20

CM.

Cepen )i(jHO'lHX

sotipaxeas

TaKO)l(

p03-

HHIOTbCH

HaTYPaJIicTH'lHi 'ra CTHJIi30BaHi.

HaH6iJIblUa

xinsxicrs

)l(iHO'lHX sotipaxem,

3HaH,neHa

B

Mi-

Hi (6JIH3bKO 20). Bci

BOHH

BHrOTOB1IeHi

3 6HBHH

MaMYTa.

Ile

eaeJIH'IKi

craryerxa

3aB6iJIbllIKH rtepesaxoro 5 - 10 CM.

Haw-

emui

3 HHX

scsoro

2,3 CM 3aBBHllIKH, Haw6iJIblUi - 14,5 CM.

'03MipH CTaryeTOK,

MO)l(JI}fBO,

Bm6HBalOTb

BiKOBHW

CKJIa,ll

)i(j-

OK

06mHHH

(niasara,

)i(jHKH,

nirai

rocnonaai

Ta 6eperHHi

no-

).

06'€MHi

CTKTliJoBaHi OpHaMeHTOBaHi

CKYJIbIITYPKH

MalOTb

KJIa,llHY

KOMII03HUOO,

uto

Biu06pIDKa€

TOpC

'ra rineprporponani

'PMH

rasa.

IHlUi

THIIH rpirypox,' HaBIIaKH, BmpiJIDlIOTbcH

na-

ipao

BeJIHKHM

TOpCOM

y

rropiansnai

3

TaJOM.

)lBi

CTaryeTKH 3

)l06paHi'liBKH

BHrOTOB1IeHi

.3 6YPlUTHHY

6iJIbllIa) i 3 IIiCKOBHKY (MeHllIa).

<1>irypKH

aa

<l>OpMOIO

aarazry-

166

167

IOTb Mi3HHCbKi,

an:e

6e3 opHaMeHTY. CxeMaTH30BaHa

CTIlTYeTKa

3 MepreJIIO

snaaneaa

B

MOJIO.nOBO

V. 3a O. II.

qepHHllIeM,

BO-

na

HBJIH€

C060IO <pirypy

)lQHKH

B

onexi

3 KamOIIIOHOM.

Cepen

'IHCJIeHHHX naM'HTOK Me30JIiTH'lHOro

'lacy

OC06JIHBe

Micue

nocinae

CBO€pi.!:mHH

apxeonorisnaa

KOMnJIeKC

KaM'HHOi'

MorWIH,

p03MimeHHH

aa

BmCTIlHi 15 KM

nianixuiure

MeJIiTo-

nOJIH.

He3BHlIHHM €

B:lKe

cauo

p03TIlIJ.IYB<lHHH

naM'SITKH. BHCO-

KHH

nimaHHH

narop6

, yKPHTHH

BeJIHKHMH

KaM'HHHMH 6pHJIa-

MH, BHpa3HO

BH.ll.iJIH€TbCH

cepen IIIHpOKOi' pmHHHH

JanJIaBI1

p. MOJIO'lHOi,

npasepraioxa

no

ce6e ynary MaH.ll.piBHHKiB. Mic,

)l(iHoqi

craryerxa

.D.06H

2

aepxasoro naneoniry:

1 - CTHJIiaoHaHc

J06paxcllHll

lIdH-

""-m-",,,,; 2

...:...

CTHJIiJOBaHC 306pa-

lKellHll; J -

Ha'l)'pl\ll

iCTK'lHC 306pa-

's

J(CIIHlI

uese

HaCeJIeHHH

OXOl{e

posnosinae

3axOnJIIOIOl{i

nereaaa

npo

<paHTIlCTH'IHe

YTBOpeHHH

KaM'HHol MOfHJIH Ta

npo

fiarartoun

cxapfia

,

aaxosaai

repOHMH l{H p036i.HHHKaMH

nia

IT

CKeJIHMH.

Taxe spaxaroxe HBHme

npapona

He 06iHmJIH }'BafOIO i

CTIlPO

-

naaai

MelIIKaHui npHaJoBCbKHX

CTenOBHX

npocropin.

Ilpore He caM

no

co6i

BeJIereHCbKHH

KaM'HHHH

narop6

npaaep-

TIl€

no

ce6e ysary apxeorroris, a

oparinansni

306pa:lKeHHH

,

uio

BKpHBaIOTh

6pHJIH

niCKOBHKY

y rporax

Ka~t'HHol

MOfHJIH, TIl imni

aaranxosi

saaxinxa,

BKpHTI JIiHiHHo-reoMeTPHtlHHM

opHaMeHTOM

,

HKHX

sa 6iJIblII

Hi:lK

croJIiTHIO

icropiio

.noc.rri.mKeHH

KaM'HHol

Morn-

168 .

3HaH.ueHO

noaan

THCH'!Y.

Ilpore

no

OCTaHHbOro

'lacy

cepen

noc-

laJrnKiB

icHYJOTb

piani

TOl{KH

30Py

mono

xpoaonorii

306Pa:lKeHb

TIl

ro

ieropa-moro

3Micry.

He

BHKJIHKa€

cyMHiBy JIHllIe

TOH

,

uto

rporn

KaM'HHol MOfHJIH

6YJIH

KYJIbTOBHM

MicueM, ne

M 6araTbOx

cronirs

nepsicai

MeIIIKaHIJ,i.

BinnpaB1lHJIH

HKiCb

IJIHBi

06pHJlH,

uio

BmnOBluaJIH

ixHiM

ineonorismra

yHBJIeHHHM

.

He

TOPKaIO'IHCb

araaaanx

saute

,llHCKYciHHHX

np06JIeM,

pHeMO

ysary

JIHlIIe

aa

oznry rpyny 306pa:lKeHb y

«fpori

6HKa»

em

.noCJImHHKH

HaJHBaIOTb

HOro «[pOTOM MaMYf3»).

UeH-

ansae

Micue

sa po3MipaMH

TYT

3aiiMa€

306pa:lKeHHH

nopaae-

ro

CTpiJIaMH

'IH

crracava

6HKa (TYPa) B 6oHoBrn

nosi.

MicUH

BJIY'leHHH

» craponasnia

xy.nO:lKHHK

aKUeHTYBaB

IlITY'IHHMH 3a-

,O

Mn

OOHuU! 3

qOTHPbOX

6H1

dB

aa creni ..Fpora

6HKa»

B KaM'JlHiH

MOrnJli

H6JIeHHHMH

aa

xopnyci

TBapHHH.

Ilopya

P03MiIuyIOTbCH me

KiJIbKa

OKpeMHX

KOMn03HUrn. Hacaunepen, ue

KOJIO

3 l{OTH-

'bOX

6HKiB, HId

rex

<qpHMaIOTb»

06opoHY.

,lJ.an:i,

O,llHH

sa

on-

M,

inyrs

TpH

oneai

; 306pa:lKeHi

TIlKO:lK

KOHi,

XIDKaKH,

rparxac-

. JafOPO)IQ,

nporepri

3afJIH6JIeHHH.

Han

<pirypaMH

JIIO.neH

i 3a-

H6JIeHHHMH

BHCOl{HTb

nOCTIlTb

MHCJIHBUH-3aKJIHHareJIH.

Isroaipao,

uto

xosmoaauil «Tpora 6HKa» nOB'H3aHi 3 MHC-

HBCbKOIO

Mari€IO. CxeMaTH30BaHe, ane

UiJIKOM

poanlanaaaae

6pa:lKeHHH

TYPa nae nmCTIlBH

npnnycrnrn

.naTYBaHHH

KOMno-

uti

rpora

nhH

iM

Me30JIiTOM

,

KOJIH

TYP

IlIHpOKO

3aCeJIHB

ere

-

169

nosi

npocropa

YKparnH

i

CTaB

roJIOBHHM 06'€KTOM

nOJIIOBaHliJI

MelIIKaHuiB UHX

paaonis.

Cxeuanoma

MaHepa

BHKOHaHHSl

306paJKeHb aa KaM'HHiij

Mornni

JaCJIyfOBY€

na

OC06JIHBY

ysary. CTHJIiJaurn Ta cxeva,

TH3M y

nepaicnosry

MHCTeWBi

3YM0BrrIOBaJIHCH

nepexonox

nep,

BicHHX MHTuiB

sin

306paJKeHb

KOHKpeTHHX

06'€KTiB

JJ.O

ysarans,

HIOIOqHX

06paJiB, 1Il0 nOB'H3aHo ia

Janp0Ba,lOKeHHSlM

JIYKa

Ta

crpin,

P03BHTKOM

Jac06iB

nOJIIOBaHHSl

ra

3HaqHHM posurapeu.

HSlM

06'€KTiB

MHCJIHBCbKOro

npoMHcJIY. Bm06paJKeHHSl UHX 3Mili

6aqHMO, 30KpeMa, i

na

3aJHaqeHHX KOMn03Hurnx.

IIOPM

si cxe,

MaTHqHHMH Ta

CTHJIiJOBaHHMH,

3'HBJIHIOTbCH

306paJKeHHSl

JJ.O

Ta-

KOl MipH

CTHJIiJOBaHi

Ta YMOBHi, IUO p03KpHTH 1xH€

CMHCJIOBe

3HaqeHHSl

noci

He

BJJ.anOCH.

Ui

306paJKeHHSl,

npocri

aa

<PoPMOIO

ra

CKJIa.D:Hi

aa 3MicTOM,

cBiJJ.'IaTb

, 1Il0 B Me30mTlf1lHY

JJ.06y

c<t>op-

MyBaBCH

HOBHH

THn

MHCJIeHHSl,

cnpoMO)I(HHH rJIH6lIIe aaaniay.

BaTH

HaBKOJIHIIIH€

cepeJJ.OBHIUe

i

Micue

B

HbOMY

JIIOJJ.HHH

3

ii"

CKJIa.D:HHMH

i cynepe'IJIHBHMH meOJIori'IHHMH

YHBJIeHHSlMH.

CKJIa.D:Hi

Mi<t>iqHi

yHBJIeHHSl

Me30JIiTHqHOrO

HaCeJIeHHSI

Y

xpaina

3HaHIIIJIH

CBO€

BTiJIeHHSl

B 'lYPH

nrax

,

BHHBJIeHHX

y

3HaqHiH

IciJIbKOCTi

na

KaM'HHrn

MorHJIi,

na

Micue3HaxO,lOKeHHi

Bania

KOIII

y KPHMY

ra

B iHlIIHX MicUHX Yxpalna. qYPHHrH

(MOBOIO

ascrpaniacsxoro

nnexeat

apanna)

- ue

OC06JIHBi

xa-

MeHi

a60

JJ.OlIleqKH

3 Bn:piJaHHMH qH HaManbOBaHHMH

na

HHX

3HaKaMH, HKi

nepeXOByIOTbCH

y cneuiansaax Ta€MHHX

cxomnn

ax

i

CHMBOJIiJyIOTb

npananexnicrs

ixaix

BJIaCHHKiB

JJ.O

KOHKpeTHOI

TOTeMHOl

rpyna, B.

H.

}laHHJIeHKOM p03KonaHHH

na

KaM'HHiH

MorHJIi

OKpeMHH

«[pOT

xypanr»,

JJ.e

3Hai1:JJ.eHo

6JIH3bKO

copoxa

KaM'HHHX, npHKpalIIeHHX JIiHrnHO-reOMeTpH'lHHM opHaMeHTOM,

BHp06iB piJHHX P03MipiB

Y BHrJUllli piJHoMaHiTHHX

nopia

pH6.

BHHBJIeHi 'lYPHHrH i B iHlIIHX MicUHX

KaM'HHol

Morana. 3'HCY-

BaHHSl

ineonori-nroro

3Micry

UHX 3HaxmOK

CTaHe

MO)I(JIHBHM

JIH-

ure B

npoueci

JJ.anblIIHX

apxeonorixaax

JJ.OCJIi.!OKeHb.

MHCJIHBCbKO-36HpanbHHUbKHH

cnoci6

JIGITTH

cnpIDIB

<t>op-

MyBaHHIO y

nepsicaol

JIIOJJ.HHH

yHBJIeHb

rrpo Ii

HeBiJJ.JJ.iJIbHicTb

nin

HaBKOJIHlIIHbOrO

cepenosauia.

JlIOJJ.HHa

npn:pOJJ.HO

cnpHHMa-

JIa ce6e HK

qaCTHHY

HaBKOJIHIIIHbOro

csiry

H nepeHOCHJIa aa

JlOBKiJmsI

BJIaCTHBOCTI

CBO€l

rrpapoaa.

Ha

UbOMY

niarpyari

C<PoPMYBaJIHCH

OCHOBHi

<PoPMH

csirornnay

nepaicaoro

cycnins-

CTBa:

TOTeMiJM, aHiMiJM,

Marn,

<Pern

III

H3M.

TOmeM;3M

(MOBOIO

niBHiqHOaMepHKaHcbKHX

iHJJ.iaHUiB

OJl-

)K}'6ae - «HOro

pin»)

-

nipa

B

Ha.D:npHpOJlHHH

3B'H30K Ta KpOB-

HY

cnopimrenicrs

POJlOBOl

rpyna

3

HKHMOCb

BHJlOM

TBapHH,

pocmnr,

npeJJ.MeTOM

1JH

naam,

HBHlIleM

rrpnpona,

1Il0 BBa-

)Ka€TbCH

npa6aTbKOM, pOJlHqeM,

nOKpOBHTeJIeM

Ta

npyrox.

HKHH

ofiepirae

ra

nonosrarae

HOMY.

Y

3B'H3KY

3 UHM

MO)KHa

~~)~

cfpcrr qypHHr».

PH60no.n.i6Ha

qypHHra 3

JIiHiifHHMH

n~eHHJlMH.

MO)KJlHBHH aHTPOnOMop<J>HHH ClOlKeT

n:raQaTH

BiJJ.OMY

<t>OPMYJIY

Mayrni:

«MH

OJlHiE:l

xposi

- TH i

•

TOTeMOM

HaJHBa€TbCH

caste TaKHH nepuionpenox

a60

HOro

paJKeHHSl

qH

CHMBOJI.

IJ

TOTeM

OM

cniJIKYBaJIHCH,

na

asoro

8.MaranHCH

BnJIHHYTH

aa

nonovoroio

Maru.

TOTeMH, HK Mi<t>iqHi

nepuronpeaxa,

yHBJIHJIHCH

HaniBJIIOJJ.H-

OIO-HaniBTBapHHOIO; BOHH iCHyoaJIH B Mi<t>i'lHi

saca.

Ilepuro-

eJlKH

MaHJJ.pyoanH

no

CBOrn

BJIacHiH TePHTOpiI,

na

HKiH

norix

enrxana

TOTeMiqHa rpyna,

Te

Micue,

JJ.e,

sa nepexasasor, rrep-

onpenox

3'HBHBCH

na

CBiT,

samnuanocs

TOTeMiqHHM

nenrpox

171

170

Станко В.Н., Гладких М.І., Сегеда С.П. Історія первісного суспільства

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.