Сыма Цянь. Исторические записки (Ши Цзи). Том 3

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

Указатель терминов

должностей

чжунъюй

»f Ц 502, 602,

768,

782

чи-ди

ф> * 158

чэнцзян

*$ ^ 827

чэхоу

fa ^ 828

чэнс$ш

*& Щ 284, 288, 294,

319,

459, 826, 846

шандуйцзян

Jz. Щ^ Щ 548

шаньюй

f f 642, 643, 648,

670,

775, 780

шаофу

*у jfa 584

шуго

% @ 769

шужэнь

Л. 836

шуйвэй

#[#J % 522 *

шучжан

^ ^ 176, 234, 244,

256,

276, 282

шэжэнь

^ А. 454, 596

шэньту

Ф 44_ 462

юань-шоу

TL |J 790

юй 4t

288

юйлиньцзян

Щ fa Щ- 528

юйши

Щ jt 354, 686

юйши-дафу

#р 5t *. ^

юн ^ 824

юсыма

$j Щ

Щ 516

юпзи-цзянцэюнъ

уЩ.

Щг

}

476

ю-цзуй

.yjg |£, 29, 833

юэ $j

448

824

юэ-бяо

^ ^ 8

юэлин

4L А- 551.

яшэян

^ jjj. 486

SUMMARY

The third volume of annotated translations into Russian oî

the Historical Records (Shih chi) by ancient China's historio-

grapher Ssu-ma Ch'ien (135-86? B.C.) includes the second large

part of his work, Chronological Tables (Piao), consisting of ten

chapters (13-22) and covering the period from the remote lei

gendary past to the time of rule of (the Han emperor Wu-ti in

the year-period t'ai-ch'u (104-101 B.C.) (some of the tables

include descriptions of the reigns and events of the 1st cen-

tury B.C., but these passages have been excluded from the

translation as interpolated in the text at later periods).

Piao is an essential part of the Shih chi, forming a sort of

chronological skeleton of the entire work, the general scheme

of the reign of the kings and rulers of ancient China and of

the most important events of the 1st millennium

В.

С Critically

surveying and summing up the facts of «the family registers

(p'u-tieh),

chronicles and annals of the kingdoms and vassal

states,

systematising and unifying the numerous accounts and

facts,

often contradictory and incomplete, Ssunma Ch'ien was

able to arrange in coordinated systematic tables an enormous

amount of material and thus to produce a many-faceted and

amazingly accurate for that time picture of reigns, bestowals

and events over a period of many centuries. Ssu-ma Ch'ien's

achievement in creating the Chronological Tables has long

been recognised in China's historical science; they have been

imitated in the composition of similar sections in most of the

dynastic histories.

The Chronological Tables as a whole reflect Ssu-тта Ch'ien's

and his contemporaries' idea of the time, the change of power,

and the length of existence of the people and the state. The

general march of the time appears as a long chain of succes-

sive reigns, first by the heads of clans, then by the rulers of

940

Summary

kingdoms and, finally, by the emperors. All that, in the opi-

nion of the historian, was to "reflect the general law of the

rise and fall of the states", which, as conceived by the people

of that period, depended on the will of Heaven, on the circu-

lation of the five basic elements, on the development of moral

ideas and the nature of power. In the earliest period, time in

the Tables is reckoned by the generations; and over the past

seven odd centuries, by the years of government of the kings

nobles and princes, and emperors. The dating of the Tables in

this translation is correlated, for the sake^of convenience, with

the European calendar.

The period before 206 B.C., i.e. preceding the official decla-

ration of power of the Han dynasty, is dealt with in. Ch. 13-16,

the remaining six chapters(17-22) being wholly devoted to the

Han period. The Tables reveal a diversity of form and content

testifying to the flexibility of approach and the ability to use

the system devised by "the author for a comprehensive survey

of the march of history and of the various aspects of the poli-

tical activity of the epoch. While faithfully following one and

the same dating principle, Ssu-ma Ch'ien subtly changes the

accents: in Ch. 14-15 attention is centered on the vassal states

and their rulers, in Ch. 18-20 the Tables are based on land

bestowals and holdings of the aristocracy of the empire, and

in Ch. 22 the focus switches to the major events in the coun-

try's life.

The sources of the Tables are essentially the same as those

of the other sections of the Shih chi and include, above all, the

first annals (Ch'un-ch'iu, Tso Chuan, Ch'in chi, Ch'u-Han

Ch'un-ch'iu, and others) and the writings' of historical nature

(Shang shu, Kuo yü, Lü-shih ch'un-ch'iu, and others). In addi-

tion, the author took wide recourse to all sort of family gene-

alogies of the Chou period, which he mentions in the intro-

ductions to the chapters, and to all available materials and

records concerning the state affairs and apparatus of the Han

empire, as well as the lists of the aristocracy in the archives

and repositories. Ssu-ma Ch'ien was thus able to use all avail-

able narrative sources and archival materials, which accounts

both for the Tables' wide coverage and reliability.

Ten chapters of the Tables are of undoubted interest to

historians. Mention might first of ali be made of the value of

the brief introductions to the chapters containing some of

Ssu-ma Ch'ien's important views on the course of historical

development, appraisals of the epochs and governments (speci-

fically of the Ch'in period) and his attitude to the sources.

941

Summary

Each one of these prologues is a miniature essay containing

observations, exhortations and original ideas.

Historical material in the chapters of the Tables is diverse.

Ch. 13, "Tables of Generations of the Three [Ancient] Epochs",

contains a summary list of ancient rulers from one generation

to another, starting with mythical times. It shows how tradi-

tion blended myths and historical realities. Ch. 14 and 15 com-

prise the numerous reigns of the Chou epoch of six centuries,

on an extensive scale and in synchronic order, with mention

being made of a number of historical events.

Ch. 16, Monthly Tables [of Events] of the Chin Ch'u Pe-

riod,

treats a brief but significant period in the history of

China—the eight years from 209 to 202 B.C., which ended in

the victory of the Han dynasty.

The subsequent six chapters (17-22) include material of the

Han period. They successively treat the appointments and

reshuffles of kings in the 20-odd big vassal states and domains

ruled by the brothers and sons of the Han emperors (Ch. 17),

contain a description of the activities and careers of Kao-tsu's

close associates and a list of their territorial bestowals (Ch. 18)

so as to give, in the historian's words, "an insight into the

dense forest to achievements and failures of one's own time".

Supplementing and continuing the previous description, Ch. 19

gives an account of 93 possessions of the aristocracy created

under Kao-tsu's successors; Ch. 20, 73 bestowals by Emperor

Wu-ti; and Ch. 21, 162 bestowals to the wang's sons from

among the Liu family of the ruling dynasty. Ch. 22, The An-

nual Tables of Military Leaders, First Advisers and Well-

Known Dignitaries since the Establishment of the Power of

the Han Dynasty, along with a chronicle of major events in

the Han Empire from 206 to 101 B.C. (excluding interpola-

tions),

contains a list of high officials of the state, including

first advisers, censors, army commanders and other persona-

lities.

The Tables thus show the consecutive change of power in

China over almost a millennium, provide data about those who

were in power in the Chou, Ch'iri and Han epochs, and des-

cribe; the composition of the hereditary and military aristo-

cracy and the location and size of the domain bestowed on

them. These data in toto give an idea of the empire's general

system of administration, the composition of the ruling classes

in it and the victory of the centrifugal forces in the Han dyna-

sty, which had gradually led to the loss by most of the princes

and vassal rulers of their domains.

942

Summary

Taken together with the materials of the other sections of

the Historical Records and other sources, the chapters pre-

senting the Chronological Tables, in our opinion, can help

researchers in their analysis of the political history and socio-

economic system of the early Chinese society.

The present translation has been made and the commentary

written by R. V. Viatkin, who also contributed the introductory

article and compiled the indices.

СЫМА ЦЯНЬ

Исторические записки

Том Ш

Утверждено к печати

Институтом востоковедения

Академии наук СССР

Редактор Н. Л. Кукушкина

Младший редактор Р. Ц. Аветисова

Художественный редактор Э. Л. Эрман

Технический редактор М. В. Погоскина

Корректор Л. М. Кольцина

ИБ № 14256

Сдано в набор 28.04.80. Подписано к печати

08.02 84. Форнат 60X90'/.« Бумага типографская.

M 2. Гарнитура литературная. Печать высокая.

Усл.

печ. л. 59. Усл. кр-отт. л. 59,25.

Уч-изд. л. 57,76. Тираж 5000 экз. Изд. № 4046.

Тип.

заказ 185. Цена 5 р. 80 к.

Главная редакция восточной литературы

издательства' «Наука»

Москва К-31, ул. Жданова, 12/1

1-я тип. Профиздата. 109044, Москва,

Крутицкий вал, 18.

Опечатки и исправления

Стр.

836

861

865

866

879

883

898

937

, Строка

30 сн.

16 св.,

лев.

кол.

2 сн.,

лев.

кол.

17 св.,

лев.

кол.

7 св.,

лев.

кол.

9 св.,

прав.кол.

6 сн.,

лев.

кол.

9 сн.,

прав.кол.

4 сн.,

прав.кол.

Напечатано

хоу цзян-

цзюнь

Би Мэн

ÜÜ.

1*.

Гун-хоу

t ft

Гун-хоу

Следует читать

хоу-цяньцзюнь

Би Мэн

%»%-

Гун-хоу

it * 1*

Гун-хоу Хуэй

ХЭЙ

я Aft КИНЬ.

Мао Пань-

линь

Сюаньпин-

хоу

Цзянъи-хоу

Чжао Яо

ЛЫ*.

фоудуцзянь

%£?

хоу-цзян-

цзюнь

Мао Пань-линь

Я*

Сюаньпин-хоу

î*flL

Цзянъи-хоу

Чжао Яо

а Ы* « IL

фоудуцзюнь

«Jfcf

хоу-цяньцзюнь

Тип.

№ 3 изд-ва "Наука". Зак. 389-5000