Вальков В.Ф., Штомпель Ю.А., Трубилин И.Т. и др. Почвы Краснодарского края, их использование и охрана
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
4. PAUV10HAJlbHOE V1CnOJlb30BAHV1E
V1
OXPAHA
nOYB
O~eHOl.J:
H
b
l
e
PU60TbI
1988
-
1989
rr
.
6blJII1
BblnOJIHeHb
I
HU
TOM
JKe
MeTo,[(l1l.J:eCKOii
oCHoBe,
l.J:TO
11
,[(BU
npe,[(bI'[(YJ..U;I1X
TYPU
.
IIpu
aTOM
onbIT
n
pOBe,[(eHI1
R O
ll,
eHOl.J:Hb
IX
pU60T
n
03BOJIRJI
BHO
-
CI1Tb
o n
pe,[(eJIeHHb
l e
YTOl.J:HeHI1R
B
MeTo,[(I1KY.
IIpeJK,[(e
Bcero
YTOl.J:HeHI1R
6bIJII1
BHeceHb
I B
no
-
H
RTl1e
B3UI1MOCBR311
60HI1TI1POBKI1
nOl.J:B
11
SKO-
HOMI1l.J:eCKOM
O
ll,
eHKH
3eMeJIb,
COCTUBU
11
cnoco6oB
o6pu6oTKI1
I1CXO,[(HOM
I1H
qJOPMUll,HI1,
U
TUKJKe
co
-
CT
UBa
11
co,[(epJKUHI1R
,[(oKYMeHTUlI,l1l1
no
Oll,eHKe
3eMeJIb
.
ECTecTBeHHoHuYl.J:HYIO
O
CHOBY
Oll,eHKI1
3e-
MeJIb
06pU3YIOT
6HOKJIHMUTI1l.J:eCKl1e
H
nOl.J:BeHHO-
SKOJIOrHl.J:eCKl1e
,[(aHHbIe,
6JIU
r
o,[(apR
I1CnOJIb30BU
-
HI1IO
KOTOPb
I X
qJOpMupyeTcR
CHCTeMU
e,[(IIHI-I
ll,
npl1po,[(Ho-CeJIbCKOX03RMcTBeHHoro
o
ll,
eHo~
I
Horo
PUMOHI1POBUHHR,
nOKu3uTe
.
TI
efI
60
H
HTI1POBKH
H
r
py
n
nl1pOBKI1
n O
l.J:
B.
MCXO,[(R
H3
SToro
n p H
oll,e-
HO
l.J:
HOM
P
UMOHHPOBU
H
I1I1
6b
I
JIH
BbIBe,[(eHbI
l.J:eTbI -
pe
paflOHu
.
IIepBbIe
,[(BU,
pucnOJIOJKeHHb
l e B
ce-
BepHoM
11
ll,eHTpaJIbHOM
l.J:aCTRX
K p
UR,
OCTUJII1Cb
6e3
H3MeHeHI1R
.
M3
TpeTbero
PUMOHU
BbI,[(eJIeHbI
Teppl1TOpl111
rop
o
,[(oB
r
eJIeH,[(JKI1K
H
COl.J:II,
Tyun-
CI1H
CKOrO
PUMOHU,
KOTopble
0
6PU30BUJII1
HOBbIM,
l.J:eTBepTbIM
Oll,eHOl.J:Hb
l
fr
pUMOH
. B n
epBble
n
poH3-
BO,[(I1JIUCb
Oll,eHKU
3eMeJIb,
3aHRTb
I X M H Or
OJIeT-
HI1MI1
HUCaJK,[(eHI1RMI1,
C
pa3rpUHI1l.J:eHHeM
ce-
Mel.J:KOBb
I
X,
KOC
TOl.J:KO
BbIX,
BI1HOrpu,[(HHKOB
11
RrO,[(HI1KOB.
Jl:JIR
KU.IK,[(OM
n Ol.J:BeHH
Ofr
PU3HOBH,[(HOCTI1
6bIJI
onpe,[(eJIeH
nOl.J:Be
H
HbIM
6uJIJI
no
cBofrcTBuM,
HUI160JIee
TeCHO
KOppeJIl
·
rpylO
J..U;
I1M
C
ypOJKuiiHO-
CTblO
KYJIbTYp.
8TO
co,[(epJKUHl1e
rYMYcu
B
nu-
XO
T
HOM
rOp1130HTe,
MO
J..U;
HOCTb
rYMycoBoro
npo-
qlHJIR,
3unUCbI
r
YMYcu
B r
YMycoBOM
npOC
l
nfJIe
11
co,[(epJKaHHe
qJH3Hl.J:eCKOM
rJII1HbI.
3u
100
6U.lIJIOB
6bIJII1
n
pl1HRTbI
CJIe,[(YIOJ..U;l1e
3HUl.J:eHI1R
CBOI1:CTB
:
co,[(epJKaHHe
rYMYCU
B
naXOTHOM
ropH30HTe
-
7% , MOJ..U;HOCTb
rYMYCOBoro
npoqJHJIR
-
135
CM,
3anaCbI
rYMyca
-
600
T j
ru,
co,[(epJKUHl1e
qJH311-
l.J:eCKOM
rJII1HbI
-
63
% .
B
TpeTbeM
Type
H U
60JIblllOH
nJIOJ..U;U,[(H
I1C-
n
OJIb30BaJII1Cb
HOBbIe
HJIl1
OTKoppeKTupOBUHHble
Ma
T
epl1aJIb
I
nOl.J:BeHHOro
06CJIe,[(OBaHHR,
KOTopb
l e
n03B
O
JII1JIH
60JIee
06'beKTl1BHO
Oll,eHHTb
nOl.J:BbI
l1
Bb
I
RBHJII1
nOBceMeCTHO
YMeHbIIleHHe
BeJIHl.J:HHb
I
nOl.J:BeHHOro
6uJIJIa
HU
nUiliHe
B
cpUBHeHI1H
C
npe,[(bI'[(YJ..U;I1M
TYPOM
Oll,eHKH:
O
~
eHO'iHbIe
pa60TbI
1982
-
1984
rr.
O~eHO'IHbIe
pa-
60TbI
1988-1989
rr.
I
O~eHO'iHbIii
PallOH
80
77
II
"
84
81
III
"
69
62
B
~
eJIOM
n o
Kpruo
80
--
76
M3
OCHOBHbIX
n
OKU3UTeJIeM
Oll,eHKH
3eMeJIb
HeCKOJIbKO
II
HUl.J:e , l.J:eM
paHbIlle,
CTUJI
PUCC'II1TbI-
BaTbCR
,[(HC}lql
epeHll,l1u.lIbHbIM
,[(OXO,[(,
KOTOPbIH
BblpUJKUeT
l.J:aCTb
l.J:I1CTOrO
,[(OXO,[(U
Ha
OTlIOCI1-
TeJIbHO
JIYl.J:IllI1X
3eMJIRX:
,I1J(
=
BII
- 3 -
qJl:H,
r,[(e
,
I1J(
-
,[(uqlqlepeHlI,Hu.TIbHbIM
,[(oxo,[(,
py6./ru;
BII
-
BUJIOBOii
np0.rlYKT,
HCl.J:HCJIeHHb
I H B
K::t-
.rIUCTPOBb
I X
ll,
eH::tX,
py6
.
jru
; 3 -
3UTpaTbI
HU
npOH3BO.rlCTBO
,
py6.jru;
qJl:H
-
Heo6xo.rll1Mb
l H
l.J:I1CTbIM
.rI0X0.rl,
py6
. j
ru.
COH3MepHMocTh
nOKa3UTeJIeM
np0.rlYKTHB-
HOCTH
3eMeJIb
PU3JIH'IHOrO
Kal.J:eCTBU
no
BceM
CeJIbCKOX03RikTBeHHbIM
yr0.rlbRM
06eCnel.J:H-
BUJIUCb
nYTeM
nepeBO.rlU
ql
uKTHl.J:eCKOM
3eMeJIbHOM
nJIOJ..U;U.rIH B
YCJIOBHb
l e
KU.rIUCTpOBhle
reKTUpbI.
3u
O.rlHH
KU.rIUCTpoBbIl':'r
reKTUp
npHHHMueTCR
1 r a
nU
W
Hl1,
npO.rlYKlI,HR
C
KOToporo
COOTBe
T
cTBye
T
Cpe.rlHeM
BaJIOBOfI
npO.rlYK
ll,
HH
pUCTeHHeBO.rlCTBU
B
KU,[(UCTPOBbIX
lI,
eHUX
3U
BhIl.J:eTOM
,[(HC}lq)epeHlI,I1-
UJIbHOrO
.rIOX0.rlU,
l.J:TO
COOTBeTcTByeT
6e3peHTHbIM
(XY.rlWHM)
YCJIOBHRM
npl1
cpe.rlHeM
ypOBHe
I1H-
TeHCl1BHOCTH
3eMJIe.rle.lII1R
.
Oco6eHHocThlO
onaCbIBaeMoro
Typa
3eMeJI
b -
H
O-Oll,eHOl.J:IIbIX
pU60T
RBJIRe
T
CR
Oll,eHKa
no.rl
MH
O-
rOJIeTHH
M H
HUCUJK.rIe
H
HRMH.
IIoKU3UTeJIH
SKOHO-
MHKO-CTUTHCTHl.J:eCKOH
HHclJOpMull,HH
C06HPUJII1C
b
3U
6-8
JIeT
B
CBR3H
C
nepHO.rlHl.J:HOCTblO
nJIo.rlo-
HOIlleHHR.
KpoMe
cBe.rleHHM
0
n
O~IBUX,
co6I1pa
-
JI
n
Cb
.rIaHHble
0
KpYTI1:3He
H
SKCn03l111,HH
CKJI
O-
HOB,
BbICOTe
HU.rI
ypOBHeM
MOpR
. B y
pU
BHeHl1R
YP0.IKUMHOCTH
MHOrOJIeTHHX
HUCUJK.rIeHHM
BBe.rle-
HbI
C]lUKTOphI
,
OTpaJKUIOJ..U;He
rJIy6UHY
3UJIerUHHR
nJIOTHbIX
nopo.rl,
cpe.rlHH~i
B03PUCT
H
H3pe.IKeH-
HOCTh
HUCUJK.rIeHHi'r.
B
OCHOBY
npOH3BO.rlCTBeHHoM
Oll,eHKH
3eMeJIb
n
o.rl
MHOrOJIeTHHMH
HUCU.IK.rIe
-
HHRMH
nOJIO.IKeHbI
T
eOpeTHl.J:eCKHe
H o n
bITHb
l e
PU60Tb
I ,
BblnOJIHeHHble
Kuq)e.rlpOM
nOl.J:BOBe
.rl
eHH5l
H
urpOXHMUH
POCTOBCKoro
YHHBepCHTeTa
no.n,
PYKOB0.rlCTBOM
npoqJ.
B .
<p
.
BUJIbKOBa
B
1978
I'.
Oll,eHOl.J:Hble
nOKU3UTeJIH
HMeJIH
BbIC
O
KYIO
KOppeJIRll,HOHHYro
CBR3h
MeJK.rIY
CBoHcTBaMH
nOl.J:B H
ypOJKUMHOCTblO
MHOrOJIeTHHX
HaCU.IK.rIe-
HHfr
HU
pacnpocTpuHeHHblx
nOl.J:BUX
PUBHHHHOH
H
npe.rlropHoi'r
l.J:aCTRX
KpUR
.
.I(JIR
n
Ol.J:B
qepHoMop-
CK
o
ro
n06epe.IKbR
C
ux
HCKJIIOl.J:HTeJIhHOM
n
eCTpo
-
Tofr
11
cnell,l1cllHl.J:ecKHMH
CBOMCTBUMH,
pa3Hoo6
-
pa3HeM
KYJIbTHBl1pyeMblx
HU
HHX
MHO
rO
JIeTHI1X
HUCUJK,[(eHl1fr
(cy6TpOnJIO.rlOBhle,
1I,l1TP
y
coBble
,
opeXOTIJI0.rlHble
H
.rip
. )
Me
T
O.rlHl.J:eCKI1M
n0.rlxo.n"
npl1MeHReMblM
B
npaKTHKe
O
ll,
eHKH
3eMeJIb,
He
-·
.rIOCTaTOl.J:HO
nOJIHO
OTPUJKUJI
CBR3b
MeJK.rIY
C]JaK-
TOPI1UJIbHbIMH
H
pe3YJIbTaTHBHhIMH
nOKa3UTeJIR-
MH
.
BbIJIO
YCTUHOBJIeHO,
l.J:TO
3eMJIH
qepHoMop
-
CKoro
n
06epeJKbR
-
STO
OC06bIM,
CUMOC
T
ORTeJIb-
HbIM
06'beKT
Oll,eHOl.J:HbIX
pU60T
. B
pe3y
.
TIbTUTe
HCCJIe.rlOBUHHfr
B . K .
K03UHU
no
oll,eHKe
nOl.J:BeH-
160
HO
-
:3KOJIOI'H'-IeCKHX
YCJIOBI-di
no~
MHOrOJIeTHHMH
HaCaJK~eHH.ffMH
B
cy6TponHKax
POCCHH
6blJIa
pa3pa60TaHa
H
peKOMeH~OBaHa
MeTO~HKa
OI..1,eH-
KH
nO'-IB
no~
MHO
r
OJIeTHHMH
HacaJK~eHH.ffMH
B
YCJI
O
BH.ffX
BepTHKaJIbHOH
30HaJIbHOCTH
-
no'-I-
BeHHO-:3KOJIOrH'-IeCKa.ff
OI..1,eHKa .
MO~eJIb
o
I..1,eH
KH
nO'-IBeHHO-:3KOJIOrH<JeCKIrX
YCJIOBHH
MHOrOJIeTHHX
HaCaJK
.
~eHHH
BKJI1O'-IaeT
B
Ka'-I
eCTBe
OCHOBHo
r o
cpaKTopa
HHTerpaJIbHblH
n
OKa-
3aTeJIb
3arraca
:3HeprHH
B
rYMYce.
OH
O
Tp
aJKa
'I'
nOTeHI..1,HaJIbHOe
nJIO~OpO~H
e
KOHKpeTHOH
nO~IBb
L
B
Ka'-IeCTBe
OCHOBHoro
~HarHOCTH:qeCKOrO
KpHTepH.ff
OI..1,eHKH C\JaKTOPOB
npe~.TIOJKeH
6H0:3HepreTH'-IeCKuii
nOTeHI..1,HaJI
OpraHH'-IeCKOro
BeIll;ecTBa,
BblpaJKeH-
HblH
B
MJIH
KKaJI
/
ra.
B
np
e~JIOJKeH
H
Y1O
MO~eJIb
YPOJKaHHOCTH
MHO
r
OJIe
THHX
HUCn.iI{~eHHi:i
BKJI1O'fe-
Hbl
T
aKJKe
TaKHe
qJaKTOPbl,
KUK
PaBHOBecHUJI
nJIOTHOCTb
nO'-IB
U
ypOBeHb
rpynnoBoro
COCTaBa
rYMYca.
PaBHOBeCHM
nJIOTHOCTb
nO'-IB
BblpaJKeHa
ypaBHeHHeM
perpeCCHH
,
KOTOPbIM
YCTaHOBJIeHa
B3aHMOCB.ff3b
Me.)f<~y
CO~epJKaHHeM
qJpaKI..1,HH
KpynHoi'I
(0,05-0,01
MM)
U
cpe~HeH
(0,01
-
0,005
MM)
nbIJIH,
KOJIH'-reCTBOM
rYMYCU
H
PaBl
OBeCHOH
nJIOTHOCTblO
nO~IBbI
.
PaC'-IeTHbIM
nYTeM
060CHOBaH
Bb
l
60p
H
~pyrHx
~Hu
r
HOCTII'-IeCKHX
npH3HUKOB
nocrB,
BKJI1O'-IeHIIbIX
B
ypUBHeHHe
perpeCCHU.
I10
:3TOH
MeTO~HKe
OI..1,eHeHbl
nO'-IBbl
no~
MHOrOJIeTHH
-
MH
HaCaJK~eHH.ffMH
Bcex
X03.ffi'ICTB
lfepHOMopCIwro
n06epeJKb.ff
(~O
r
JIeH~JKHKa
BKJI1O'-IHTeJIbIiO).
·
I1pHMeHeHHe
pe3Y
JIbTaTOB
OI..1,eHKH
3eMeJIb
TOJIbKO
~JI.ff
nOJI
Y'-IeHH.ff
nOKa3aT
eJIe
rr
HopMa-
THBHoro
nJIaHHpOBaHH.ff
(XOT.ff
U :3'1'0
6eccnopHO
nOJIOJKI-ITeJIbHbIH
MOMeHT)
K
Ha'-IaJIY
90-x
rr.
CTUJIO
He~OCTaTO'-IHbIM
.
Bce
B
60JIb
lll
eH
CTeneHH
B03HHKaJIa
He06xo~HMOCTh
HCnOJIb30BaTh
CTOU-
MOCTHble
nOKa3aTeJIH
OI..1,eHKH
~JI.ff
pellleHHR
pU3-
JIH'-IHbIX
3a~a'-I
PbIHO'fHOH
:3KOHOMHKH.
CTaTheH
47
"3eMeJIhHOrO
Ko~eKca
PC<PCP"
YCTaHaBJIHBUJIaCb
nJIaTHOCTh
3eMJIeBJI~eHH.ff,
3eM-
JIenOJIb30BUHH.ff
H
apeH~hI
3eMeJIb.
BCTaJIU
3~U'-Ia
onpe~eJIHTb
BeJIH:qHHY
nJIaTeJKeH
3U
3eMJI
10
,
ncxo-
~.ff
H3
~aHHblX
OI..1,eHKH
3eMeJIb
1989
r.
B
OCHOBY
paC'-IeTOB
nJIaThl
3a
3eMJI1O
6hlJIa
nOJIOJKeHU
3e-
MeJIbHM
peHTa
no
nJIO~OpO~H1O
3eMeJIh,
KOTOPM
B
CB010
ocrep
~b
onpe~eJI.ffJIUCb
Ha
OCHOBe
~HC\J(I)epeH
I..1,HUJIhHOH
peHTbL
H3BeCTHO,
'-ITO
~nq)(IJepeHI..1,I!aJIb
Ha.ff
peHTa
npe~CTaBJI.ffeT
C060i'I
~OnO
.T
IHnTeJIbHbl{;'I
n
pO~KT,
06pa3Y1OIll;HHC.ff
Ha
3eMJI.ffX
C
OTHOCH-
TeJIbHO
JIy'-IllIHMll
n
pHpO~HO-KJIHMaTU'-IeCKHMH
YCJIOBH.ffMH,
H
COCTOHT
H3
peHTbI
no
nJIO~OpO~H1O
H
peHTbl
no
MecTonOJIOJKeHHIO.
PeHTa
no
nJIO~Opo
,n;HIO
paCC'-IHTUHa
no
BceM
OI..1,eHHBaeMbIM
KYJIbTY-
paM
H
nopo,n;aM
MHOrOJIeTHHX
HaCn.iI<,n;eHHi'I
B
pa3-
pe3e
OI..1,eHO'-IHbIX
rpynn
nO'fB.
,1J;HCp<pepeHI..1,HaJIbHM
peHTa
paCC'-IHTbIBaJIaCb
no
qJopMYJIe:
,1J;p
=
(Up
-
UH)
·
YH,
r~
e
,1J;p
-
~Hq)q)epeHI..1,HaJIbHa.ff
peHTa
no
rpynne
4.
5 50HVlTVlPOBKA
Vl
OUEHKA 3EMEnb KY5AHVl
nO~IB,
py6.
/
ru;
Up
- I..1,eHa p
eaJIH3UI..1,HH,
Py6.
/
I..1,;
UH
-
nH~nBH,n;yaJIbHa.ff
I..1,eHa,
py6
. /
I..1,;
YH
-
HOpMaJIbHa.ff
ypOJKaHHOCTb,
I..1,
/
ra
.
(
PH
I 1
00)
UH
=
C
H
100
r~e
CH
-
HOPMIlJIbHIl.ff
ce6eCTOHMOCTb,
py6
. /
I..1,;
PH
-
HOpMaJIbHa.ff
peHTa6eJIbHOCTb,
% .
B
cpe~HeM
no
X03.ffHCTBY
3eMeJIbHa.ff
peHTD.
no
nJIo,n;opo,n;HJ{J
onpe~eJI.ffeTC.ff
KaK
cpe~HeB3Be
llIeHHa.ff
BeJIH~I11Ha,
HCXO~.ff
U3
y~eJIhHOrO
Beca
noceBHhlX
nJIOIll;a~eH
CeJIhCKOX03.ffHCTBeHHbIX
KYJIhTYP,
nJI0!-llIl~eII
O
I..1,eHO'-IHhIX
rpynn
nocrB
H
BeJIH'-IIIH
~Hq)q)epeHI..1,HaJIhHOH
peHTbI
no
KYJIbTY-
paM
.
BeJIHtlHHa
~nq)q
)
epeHI..1,HaJIhHoi'I
peHThi
no
nJIO~OpO~H1O
3eMeJIb
KoppeK
THp
yeTC.ff
Ha
MeCTO-
n
OJIOJKeHHe
X03.ffHCTB
.
PeHTa
no
MeCTOnOJIO.)f<e-
HI-IIO
OTpaJKaeT
OU3JIH'-IUR
TpaHcnopTHblX
113~ep
JKeK
H
HopMaTHBHh
l X
nOT
epb
np
O~YKIl,HIl
npH
nepeB03KUX
H3
X03.ffHC
T B
~O
nYHKTOB
peUJIH3U-
I..1,HH.
PeHTa
no
MeCTOnOJIOJKeHH1O
onpe~eJI.ffeTC.ff
KaK
pa3HOCTh
MeJK~y
CTOHMOCTb1O
nepeB03KH
npO~YKI..1,HH
C
O~Horo
reKTapa
KOHKpeTHoro
XO-
3.ffHCTBa
H
cpe,n;HeKpaeBO{I
CTOHMOC
Th1O
nepeB03-
KH.
ECJIII
peHTa
no
MeCTOpaCnOJIOJKeHH1O
HMeeT
OTpUI..1,UTe
.T
l
bHOe
3Ha~
I
eHHe,
TO
~Hc[)<pepeH.I..1,HaJIh
HU.ff
peHTU
no
nJIO~OpO~II1O
He
KoppeKTHpyeTC.ff,
a
eCJIH
nOJIOJKHTeJIhHOe,
TO
~m:J.)(\)epeHI..1,HUJlbHUR
peHTU
no
nJIO~O
p
O~H1O
YMeHhlllUe
TC.ff
HU
BeJIHcrH-
HY
peHThl
no
MeCTOnOJIOJKeHH1O.
B
1992
r.
6hlJI
Bh
III
OJIHeH
paC'-IeT
nJIaTeJKeH
3U
CeJIhCKox03J:rIIcTBeHHbIe
yro~h.ff
HU
OCHOBe
3u
-
KOHU
PC<PCP
"0
nJIUTe
3a
3eMJI1O"
.
CTaBKH
nJIU
-
T
eJKelf
onp
e~eJIeHb
I
no
OI..1,eHO'-IHhI M
rpynnaM
nocrB
n U
llIHH,
MHOrOJIeTHIlX
HaCaJK~eHHH
H
KOp
-
MOBhiX
yro,n;HH.
<PaKTH'-IeCKH
6hIJIa
npOH3Be~eHU
~HcJ.)c\)epeHI..1,HaI..1,H.ff
cpe~Hei1:
CTaBKH
3eMeJIhHOrO
HaJIOra,
YCTaHOBJIeHHa.ff
B
cpe~HeM
no
KpaIO
Ha-
3BaHHhlM
3aKoHoM
npOnOpI..1,HOHaJIhHO
6aJIJIaM
60HHTeTa
no
03HMblM
3epHOBhlM
KYJIhTypaM
no
rpynnaM
nO'-IB.
CTaBKa
3eMeJIhHOrO
HaJIOra
KOp-
peKTHpOBaJIaCb
nOnpaBO'-IHhIMII
KO:3q)(pHI..1,HeHTa
-
MH
HU
KJIHMaT,
KPYTU3HY
CKJIOHOB,
nO~TOnJIe
HHe,
:3
pO~HpOBaHHOCTh
H
~pyrHe
CBoHcTBa
nO'-IB.
KpoMe
'1'01'0,
paCC'-IHTbIBUJIaCb
peHTIl
no
MecTo-·
n
OJIOJKeHH1O,
6JIarO~apR
KOTOPOH
TUK.)f<e
YBeJIH-
crHBueTcR
HJIH
YMeHblllaeTCR
CTUBKa
3eMeJIhHOrO
HaJIOra
.
I10JIyqeHHhle
TUKHM
06pa30M
CTaBKH
3e-
MeJIhHO
rO
HaJIOra
HC
rr
OJIh30BaJIUCh
~JI.ff
orrpe~eJIe
HH.ff
MaCChI
3eivreJIhHOrO
HaJIOra
3U
CeJIhCKOX03RH:-
CTBeHHble
yro~b.ff
CeJIhCKOX03.ffHCTBeHHbIX
npe.n;-
rrp
H.ffTUH
KpM.
B
1993
r.
C
nOMoIll;b1O
OI..1,eHO'-IHbIX
rrOK
U3U
-
TeJIeH
6hIJIH
onpe~eJIeHbI
MHHHMaJIhHhle
~oro
BopHhIe
I..1,eHhI
3eMeJIbHhIX
Y'-IaCTKOB,
rrpe~OCTaB
JIeHHhIX
~JI.ff
Be~eHH.ff
JIH'-IHOrO
no,n;c06Horo
xo
-
3.ffHCTBa,
ca~OBO~CTBU
H
UH,n;HBH~yaJIhHOrO
JKH-
!IHIll;HOr
o
CTpOHTeJIbCTBU
B
KpacHo~apcKoM
Kpue.
161
4.
PALjVlOHAJlbHOE VlCnOJlb30BAHVlE
Vl
OXPAHA nO'--lB
8TI1
II.eHbI
npI1MeH.l'IIOTC.l'I
npI1
KynJIe-npo,D;a.IKe
3eMeJIbHbIX
Y'-laCTKOB
H
OCIJOpMJIeHHI1
,D;OrOBOpoB
no
I1X
OT'-IY.IK,D;eHI1KJ.
4.5.2. B01-£UmUpo61Ga
no't6
noa
caab~
U
6unoz
paaH
.
UlCU
OCHOBHbIMH
KpI1TepI1.l'1MH
OII.eHKI1
nO'-IB
CTa-
JII1
npHpO,D;Hble
CBoHcTBa
11
yp0.IKaHHocTb
3a
rneCTb
JIeT
.
AHaJII13
,D;IlHHbIX
XllpaKTepI1CTUK
IIO'-lB
H
I1X
IIPO,D;YKTUBHOC'l'H
Hecneu.uaJII1311pO-
BaHHblX
KOJIX030B
1I
COBX030B
Kpll.l'l
n03BOJIl1JI
B
I1TOre
COCTaBHTb
60HHTI1POBO'-IHYKJ
UlKIlJIY
OCHOBHbIX
penepHbIX
nO'-lB,
'-laCTI1'-IHO
npe,D;CTIlB-
JIeHHYKJ
B
Ta6JI.
103.
Ha
OCHOBe
penepHblX
nO'-IB
C
npUMeHeHI1eM
CUCTeMbI
pa3JIH'-lHbIX
nOnpaBO'-l
-
HbIX
K03q}cpI1II.HeHTOB
6bIJIll
PIlCC'-IIITaHb
J 6
IlJIJI
bI
60HuTeTa
Bcex
IIO'-IB
ca,D;OB
11
BIIHOrpa,D;HIIKOB
e,D;UHoro
CI1CTeMIlTI1'-leCKOrO
cnHCKa,
HaC'-II1Tbl-
BIlKJ~erO
215
nO,D;TI1nOB,
PO,D;OB, BI-I,D;OB
11
rpynn
no
MIlTepHHCKHM
nOpO,D;IlM
11
peJIbeq)y
6e3
Y'leTIl
MeXIlHI1'-IeCKOrO
COCTIlBIl
H
CTeneHI1
3PO,D;I1POBIlH-
HOCTI1.
311
3TaJIOHb
I
(100
6IlJIJIOB)
6bIJIH
npHH.l'ITbI
,D;JI.l'I
IIJIO,D;OBhIX
HIlCIl.IK,D;eHHfI
BbI~eJIO'IeHI-ihle
CBepXMO~Hhle
'1epH03eMb
I
co
cpe,D;HefI
MHoro-
JIeTHe~I
yp0.IKafIHOCThKJ
ceMe'UWBhIX
nopo,D;
140
u.
/
rll
11
KOCTO'lKOBhIX
- 95
u.
/
rll,
,D;JI.l'I
BIIHOrpll,D;-
HUKOB
-
KIlUlTaHOBhle
(KJ.lKHble)
'1epH03eMbI
C
YP0.IKaHHOCTbKJ
6eJIbIX
TeXHH'IeCKI-IX
COPTOB
100
u.
/
ra,
KpaCHbIX
TeXHH'-IeCKHX
-
75
u./ra
H
CTOJIOBbIX
COPTOB
-
120
u.
/
ra.
,D;JI.l'I
nJIO,D;OBhIX
HaCa.IK,D;eHHH
BhlCOKHe
61lJI-
JIbI
60HI-ITeTa
xapaKTepHhI
KaK
,D;JI.l'I
nO'lB
C
60JIbUlUMU
3anacaMU
rYMyca
('1epH03eMhI),
TaK
H ,[IJI.l'I
nO'-IB
MaJIOrYMYCHhIX
(aJIJIKJBI1IlJIhHO-
JIyroBhle).
O,D;HaKO
eCJII1
I1CKJIKJ'II1Th
nO'lBhI
pa3-
JII1'1HhIX
pe'lHhIX
,D;OJIUH,
TO
npOCJIe.IKI-IBlleTC.l'I
3aKOHOMepHa.l'l
3aBHCHMOCTb
ypo.IKafIHOCTI1
OT
KOJIl-I'IeCTBa
rYMycll
B
npoqHIJIe
nO'lB,
onpe,D;
e-
JI.l'IeMa.l'l
K03qJqJl-Iu.HeHTIlMH
KO
p peJI.l'Iu.I1.l'1
0,82
-
0,87.
,D;JI.l'I
BI1HOrpa,D;HHKOB
TIlKOH
3aBI1CI1MOCTI1
He
Ha6JIKJ,D;aeTC.l'I:
KIlUlTaHOBhle
nO'lBbI
IIMeKJT
ou.eHO'lHhIH
6aJIJI
90,
'1epH03eMbI
KIlUlTaHOBhle
(KJ.lKHhle)
-
100
6aJIJIOB,
'1epH03eMhl
06hIKHoBeH
-
Hble
(Kap6oHaTHble),
THnH'IHhle
H
BhI~eJIO'leH
Hhle
- 85
6IlJIJIOB,
peH,D;3I1HbI
-
80
6IlJIJIOB,
.nyro-
BO
-
aJIJIKJBUaJIbHbIe
nO'lBh
I
pe'lHhlX
,D;OJIUH
-
100
6aJIJIOB
.
Bhl.l'lBJIeHhl
KOJIH'IeCTBeHHa.l'l
3aBHCHMOCTh
nJIO,D;Opo,D;U.l'I
nO'lB
OT
p.l'l,D;1l
reHeTH'IeCKI1X
nOKa-
3aTeJIeH.
HanpHMep,
ypOBeHh
nJIo,D;opo,[\I1.:I
,D;JI.l'I
nJIO,D;OBhIX
CHH.lKaeTC.l'I
C
YMeHhUleHueM
MOI.QHOCTI-I:
06hIKHOBeHHble
CBepXMO~Hble
'1epH03eMhl
OU.eHI1-
BaJOTC.l'I B 81
61lJIJI,
a
MO~Hhle
- B
66,
peH,D;3I1Hhl
MOI..l..\Hhle
-
44
61lJIJIa,
Cpe,D;HeMO~Hble
- 31 .
103.
EamThI
60HHTeTU
pel1epHblX
110'IB
~JI.l'I
MHO-
rOJIeTHHX
HaCa.IK,D;eH.Hii
I1JIOAOBble
BI1HOrpaA-
HUKl1
I10'lBbl
Ce- Koc- Tex-
eTO
-
MC'-I-
TO
l.
l -
IIJI-
Jl
OBLl
e
K081,10
KoaLle
QC(,
'
KHC
[IepHo.Jo,[bl:
BblllleJIO'leHHble
cBepxMolll-
100
100
68
77
Hble
TJ
'DKeJlocyr
JIIiHUCTble
TUIIU'IHble
CBepXMOIl.\Hble
90
82
67
71
TJDKeJIOC:<,'l"
JlIlHIlCTble
06bIKHoBeHHo
CBepXMOIllHble
81
73
67
67
TJI)f{e.!JOcyr
JIIlHI1CTble
KaIIIT;}HOBble
(IO)f{HbJe)
MOIll-
49
57
83
78'
Hble
TJI)f{eJIOcyr
JlIlHHCTble
KamTUHOBble
(IO}KHble)
MOIll-
57
72
88
86
Hble
cpe,n;Hecyr
J11IHliCTble
K;}IIITIlHOBble
(IO}KHble)
MOIll-
62
78
100
100
Hble
JIerKocyr
JIIIHIICTble
JIY
?
060
·
'
L(,PHV.J(,NHbIC
I11JI:II((' -
94
85
80
85
Jl
oc!J
Z.7
/.U
HUC
nLbl('
jA.
,
LLI0611Q
i l
I)HO
.7 y Z
06bLe
m-R-
92
85
90
100
]f((,
/
IOCy
Z
.7
WiUClIl-bl('
Pello.;u
HbL:
THIIllqHblC
MOIllHble
TJI)f{eJIO-
41
44
75
84
c y r
JIIIHI!CTble
Bb
IIl.\eJIO'-leHHble
TJIJKe.!JOcy-
78 66
85
96
r
JIIlHIlCTble
TllllU'IHble
cpe,n;HeMOIllHble
29
31
60 67
TJI)f{eJIOcyrJII!HHCTble
BYPblC
.1(>CHbLe
/WCbIW,elilibUJ
55 54
52
75
m.JI.%c.
-
WC!J21lll
H.lICJnbL(>
T('.~I1iO
CC
Pbl(>
.l(>ClibL(>
11l.JI.JfC(,'
43
52
42
55
ROCYl
Jl
UIiLLClnbl
C
Crpbl(,
.7eClibU
!
I1l.J1J1(
C
.IUC!J
40
44
40
47
l:
ItLHUcmbW
IIpHMe'IaTeJIhHO,
'ITO
reHeTI1'1eCKa.l'l
oco6eH-
'
HOCTb
IlO'lB
onpe,[leJI.l'IeT
pa3HyKJ
CTeneHb
' H
CO-
pa3MepHOCTb
nOKU3aTeJIeH
nJIo,D;opo,D;I1.:I
. Y
"Iep-
H03eMOB
HIlHBhICUlUli
ypOBenb
nJIO,D;opO,[lIIJI
HMeIOT
BU,[Ibl
C
MO~HOCTbKJ
rYMYCOBbIX
ropU30H'
TOB
160
CM,
y-
JIyroBO-'-IepH03eMHbIX
nO'lB
-
110
CM,
Y
JIeCHhlX
nO'lB
PU3I1hIX
T1-1ll0B
-
100
CM
(TIl6JI.
104).
AHUJIl1311POBUJIUCb
n
O'lBbI
T.a.IKeJIO·
cyrJII1HHCTOro
MeXUHI1'1eCKOrO
COCTUBD.
.
BbII..l..\eJIO'leHHOCTb
OT
Kap6oHuTOB
B
3aBBCI1-
MOCTlI
OT
TI1nOB
nO'lB
nOBbIUlueT
n J
IO,D;opO,[ll1e
,D;JI.l'I
nJIO,D;ODbIX
Ha
10-20
% B
cpUBHeHHH
C
no'l·
BUMB
Kllp6oHaTHbIMH.
,D;JI.l'I
rpynnhI
6eJIhiX
Tex-
HH'IeCKUX
11
CTOJIOBbIX
COPTOB
BI1HOrpU,D;HI1Ka
CTeneHb
BbI~e.TIO'leHHOCTU
nO'lB
nOBblwaeT
ypo-
BeHb
nJIO,D;opO,D;I1.l'1:
HU
'1epH03eMHbIX
KUUlTUHO·
BbIX
(IO.lKHbIX)
Kup60HUTHbIX
ou.eHO'lHbIH
6aJIJI
-
79,
HU
BbI~eJIO'leHHblX
-
88.
,D;JI.l'I
KPUCHblX
Tex-
HI1'-IeCKHX
COPTOB
BHHOrpU,[IU
3UBI1CUMOCTb
I1HUJI:
ou.eHO'lHhIM
6UJIJI
,D;JI.l'I
'1epH03eMOB
KalllTUHOBbIX
162
(IO.Jf<HhIX)
Kap60HUTHhIX
pUBeH
97,
U .n;JHI
BhILQe-
JI
O'IeHHhIX
-
89.
Pe3Ko
HerUTIlBHO
HU
60HHTeT
.n;JIfI
BHHorpu.n;u
BJIHfleT
yrrJIOTHeHHOCTh
rrO'IBeHHhIX
ro-
PH30HTOB:
'IepH03eM
BbILQeJIO'IeHHhrl!
IIMeeT
6aJI
JI
68,
CJIHTO}"r
BhILQeJIO'IeHHhli'!
C
06'beMaMH
BeCOM
1,55
-
1,60
B
ropH30HTe
B -
28
6aJIJIOB
.
BbIflBJIeHU
'IeTKUfI
3aBHCHMOCTh
rrJIo.n;opo-
.n;
HfI
IIO'IB
OT
MeXUHw-IeCKOrO
COCTUBU
.
,D;JIfI
KpUC
-
HbIX
TeXHH'IeCKHX
COPTOB
BHHorpu.n;u
OIITHMUJIb
-
Hoe
co.n;ep.Jf<UHHe
rJIHHbI
34,0,
.n;JIR
6eJIbIX
-
29,0
%
,.
Yp0.Jf<UHHOCTb
BIIHorpu.n;Horo
pUCTeHI1f1
CHI1.Jf<aeTCR
rro
M e
pe
YTR.Jf<eJIeHHR
II
06JIer'IeHHR
MeXUHI1'IeCKOrO
COCTUBa.
Ha
rrO'IBUX
TR.lKeJIOrO
MeXUHH'leCKOrO
COCTUBU
rrJIo.n;opo.n;He
rrOBblwueT-
CR C
YBeJIH'l
e
IlHeM
CKeJIeTHOCTII.
ECJIU
ypOBeHb
rrJIo.n;opo.n;HfI
.n;JIR
HeCKeJIeTHbIX
rrO'IB
6pUTb
3U
1,00,
TO
.n;JIR
CJIU60CKeJIeTHhIX
OH
pUBeH
1,12
.
TIPH
pU
3
pu60TKe
rrO
rr
pUBO'IlibIX
K08cl)clHIl.I,II-
e
HTOB
.n;JIfI
YTO'lHeHHR
KOJIU'1eCTBeHHoro
ypOBHR
rrJIo.n;opo.n;HR
KOHKpeTHhlx
rrO'IBeHHblX
HH.n;UBI1-
.n;YYMOB
UHaJII13I1pOBUJIHCb
rrOKU3UTeJIH
MOLQ-
HOCTH
rrO'IB
H
06'beMU
UKTHBHoro
KopHeo6HTue
-
Moro
CJIOR,
CKeJleTHOCTH,
06'beMHOrO
Becu,
peUK-
l.I,HH
cpe.n;b
I ,
3UCOJIeHHR
HeHTpUJIbHbIMH
H
LQe-
JIO'IHh
I
MH
COJIRMH,
Kup60rruTHocTH,
rpYHToBbIX
BO.n;,
Me30peJIbecj.lHOrO
rrOJIO.Jf<eHHR,
KU'leCTBU
MU
-
Te
pHH
C
KHX
rropo.n;
H
.n;p.
YCTuIIOBJIeHU
rrUpU60JIH-
'l
e
CKUR
3UBHCHMOCTh
rrJIo.n;opo.n;UR
rrO'-lB
OT
KOJIIl-
'-IeCTBeHHblX
rroKu3uTe.lIeJ:i
HerUTlIBHbIX
XllpUKTe-
PHCTHK:
rrpll
rrOCTerreHHOM
HUPUCTUHIIH
OTPIll.l,U-
TeJIbHbIX
KU'-IeCTB
rrO'-lBbI
rrJIo.n;opo.n;H
ee
rru.n;ueT
BO
Bce
60JI
ee
YBeJIH'IHBUIOLQUXCfI
punMepux.
HurrpHMep,
rrpH
rJIy6uHe
3UJIerUHHR
rUJIeLI
-
HHKOB
180
CM
'
pOBeHb
rrJIo.n;opo.n;HR
COC'I'UBJIR
e T
100
% ,
Ha'IUJIbHOe
YMeHb
lU
eHHe
PYXJIRKOBOro
eJIOR
Ha
30
CM
CHU.Jf<aeT
IIJIO.n;opo.n;He
TOJIbKO
HU
5 % ;
rrpH
r
JIy6HHe
3UJIerUHHR
r
UJIe'IHHKU
100
CM
4.6
.
nYTM
PAUMOHAJlhHOrO
3eMJIR
B
KU'-IeCTBe
cpe.n;CTBU
npOH3BO,lJ;CTBU
HuxOAHT
CBoe
rrpHMeHeHHe
BO
Bcex
OTpaCJIRX
H
ccjJepax
.n;eRTeJIhHOCTH
JIIo.n;eH,
TaK
KUK
RBJIReTCR
Bce06W;HM
cpe.n;CTBOM
Tpy.n;a
.
O.n;HaKO
POJIh
ee
B
OT.n;eJIbHbIX
OTPIlCJIRX
IIPOH3Bo.n;CTBa
perHOHa
He
o,o:HHaKOBa.
B
rrpOMbIWJIeHHOCTH
OHU
BblcTyrraeT
B
KU'IeCTBe
cJ.JYH,o:aMeHTU.
rrpO
C
TpUHCTBeHHoro
Orr
e
pUl.I,HOHHOro
6U3HCU
HJIH
cBoe06pu3Hoi'r
KJIa-
,o:OBOH
,o:06bIBUIow;ei'!
rrpOMbIUl.lIeHHOCTH.
TIpOl.l,eCC
rrpOll3Bo,o:CTBU
B 8TO?"I
cqJepe
He
Tpe6yeT
rrJIo,o:o-
po,o:lIR
rrO'IB,
Tor.n;u
KUK
B
3eMJIe.n;eJIHH
OHO
'Ipe3-
BbI'IIlHHO
BU.lKHO,
rrOCKOJIbKY
3eMJIR
3,o:eCb
BbI-
c
TyrraeT
o,o:HOBpeMeHHO
B
Ka'IeCTBe
cpe,o:CTBU
H
npe,o:MeTU
TPY.n;U.
3eMJIe.n;eJIHe
COCTIlBJIReT
OCHOBY
pa3BHTHR
Bcero
CeJIbCKOrO
X03RIICTBU
Ky6aHll.
OHO
rrOCTUBJIReT
KOPMU
.lKHBOTHOBO.n;CTBY,
KO
T
O-
poe
'-Iepe3
ropo,o:u
YTHJIH3HpyeT
rrpo,o:YKl.I,HIO
4.6.
nYTV1
PAUV10HAJ1bHOrO V1CnOnb3
0BAHV151
3EMEnb
CHI1.Jf<eHHe
MOLQHOCTII
PYXJIRKOBOro
CJIOR
HU
30
CM
YMeHbwueT
rrJIo.n;opOAHe
Y.Jf<e
Ha
40
%.
AHa-
JIOrH'IHble
3D.I<OHOMepHOCTH
OTMe'IeHbI
H
AJIR
.n;PyrIlx
8KOJIOrHLIeCKHX
xupUKTepHCTHK
rrO'lB.
104.
BJIH$lHHe
MOll(JtOCTH
ryMycoBbIX
ropH30H-
TOB
Ha
nJIOAopo.n;He
nO"IB
,lJ;JIlI
nJIO,lJ;OBbIX
HaCa.Jf<
-
,lJ;eHUH
MOII\IIOCTb
I
'Y-
:vI
y
OBIAX
1"
0-
IIO
'
IBbJ
PH
3 0
ll
TOB.
C~1
g
CpItO
.
J(
'
."lbl
:
cnepXMOI.l\Hble
M0I.l\HbJe
cpe,!l;HeMOI.l\Hble
60JIee
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
JI
Y?060
·
1
1 e
pItO.Je.MH
blC:
MOI.l\Hble
60JIee
110
100
Cpe,!l;HeMOI.l\Hble
80
70
60
YpoBeHb
n JIO,!l;OpO,!l;HR ,
6aJIJI
I<OCT041<OBloI
Q
CCMO'JI<OBIoIC
1,
00
0,92
0,85
0,82
0,77
0,73
0,
65
0,57
0,48
0,40
0,29
1,00
0,95
0,
68
0,
58
0,
37
JIccHbLe
n01labi
pa
.J
liblx
IlLUllo
a :
60Jlee
100
1,00
MOI.l\HbIe
Cpe,!l;HeMOI.l\Hble
MaJIOMOll\Hhle
90
0,8
1
80
0,
68
70
0,63
60
0,
50
50
0,50
40
0,40
30
0,33
1,
00
0,96
0,88
0,81
0,
77
0,7
5
0.72
0,66
0,59
0,51
0,42
1,
00
0,
95
0,
84
0,78
0.67
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MCnOJlh30BAHMJI
3EMEJlh
paCTeHIIeBo.n;CTBU
.
3eMJIR
B
.lKHBOTHOBo,o:CTBe,
Ta-
KHM
06pa30M,
BbIIIOJIHReT
cjJYHKl.I,HIO
rrpOCTpaH-
CTBeHHoro
Orrepal.l,HOHHOro
6a3Hca.
B
KU'-IeCTBe
rJIaBHOrO
cpe,o:CTBa
rrpOH3Bo,n;CTBU
OHa
BblcTyrraeT
B
BH,o:e
CeJIbCKOX03RlfCTBeHHhlx
yro,o:n{I.
B03pacTaIOLQaR
IIOTpe6HOCTb
HUCeJIeHHR
B
eJIbCKOX03RHcTBeHHblx
rrpo.D;YKTax
CTUBHT
rrepe,o:
'
CeJIbCIUIM
X03RHCTBOM
KPUR
rrp06JIeMY
pUClUI1peH-
Horo
BocrrpoH3Bo,n;cTBa
rrJIo,o:opo,n;HR
IIO'IBbI,
H60
pe3epBbI
OCBoeHHR
HOBbIX
3eMeJIb
3.n;ecb
IfC'Iepnu-
HbI.
O,o:HaKO
rrpOCTpaHCTBeHHaR
OrpaHlf'{eHHOCTb
3eMJIH
B
puccMaTpuBaeMOM
perHOHe
He
03Ha'IaeT
OrpUHH'-IeHHOCTH
ee
rrpOH3Bo.n;HTeJIbHbIX
CHJI
.
Ha
COBpeMeHHOM
STurre
OrpaHU'-IeHHO
Tb
rrpOH3Bo,o:l1-
TeJIbHblX
CH
J!
38MJIII
CBO,n;HTCR K
"OrpaHlf'-IeHHOCTH"
ypOBHR
TeXHIIKU
H
TeXHOJIOrIUr
rrpOH3Bo,o:CTBa
.
TIo-
STOMY
Ha
,o:IlHHOM
8Tarre
PU3BHTUR
CeJIhCKoro
xo-
163
4 PAL\V10HAflbHOE V1CnOJlb30BAHV1E
V1
OXPAHA
nOYB
3JIHCTBU
KpM
Bce
60JIh
lU
e
Tpe6yeTCJI
Y'HiThIBUTh
CJIe,L\ylO~l1e
OC06eHHocTU
3eMJIlI:
1.
I1:crrOJIh30BUHlIe
rrol.IBhI,
KUI
( r
JIUBIIOrO
Cpe,L\CTBU
rrp0I13Bo,L\CTBU
B
CeJIhCIWM
X03JIlICTBe,
CBJI3UHO
C
KOMrrJleKCHhIM
rrpHBJIe'IeHHeM
,L\PyrHx
CI1JI
npUpO,L\hI
(CBeTU,
BO,L\hl,
B03,lJ.YXU,
TenJIu),
He06xo,L\I1Mh
I X ,L\JIJI
HOpMaJIbHOrO
PU3BJ1TIIJI
pacTeHHJ:'1.
He
O,L\HHU
K
OBoe
CO,L\ep>KuHHe
HU
OT
-
,L\eJIhHhlX
3eMeJIbHhlX
MUCCHBUX
nlIT
UTeJIbHbIX
Be~eCTB
B
nO'IBe,
pa3JIJIl.II1.:I
B
BO,L\I10M
II
TeMne-
paTypHoM
peJKHMe,
a
TUKJKe
oc06eHHocTlI
(Inl
-
3110JIOrH'IeCKHX
Tpe60BUHJ1i-i
pa3HhIx
pucTeHHII
K
OnTHMaJIbHbIM
qJUKTOpUM
cpe,L\hI
06YCJIOBJII1BUeT
nOTpe6HocTh
OCBaHBUTh
B
Kpue
30HUJIhHhle
CII-
CTeMhI
3eMJIe,L\eJII1JI,
rrpUBII.JIhHO
CO'IeTaTh
H
pa3
-
Me~a
Th
CeJI
h
CKOX03JIi:ic
T
BeHHoe
np
o1l3BO,L\CTBO.
2.
PUll,HOHaJIhHOe
HCnOJIh30BUH
u e r .7IU
BHOrO
Cpe,L\CTBU
n
POH3BO,L\cTBa
Tpe6yeT
'Iepe,L\OBUHIIJI
CeJIhCKOX03JIHCTBeHHhIx
KYJIhTYP
II
IWM6uHHPO-
BaHHJI
OTpUCJIeH,
B
TO
BpeM.l1
KaK
11
,L\pyrl1e
cpe,[\-
CTBU
np0I13BO,L\CTBU
UKTlIBHO
cnoc06CTBYlOT
npo
-
ll,
eccy
pa3,L\eJIeHI1JI
TPy,L\U
.
,ll;JIHTeJIhHOe
BhIpU~I-I
BaHHe
Ha
OT,L\eJIhHOM
nUXOTHOM
MUCCI1Be
O,L\HOI1:
HJII1
,L\UJKe
HeCKOJIhKI1X
pO,lJ.CTBeHHhIX
Ky
.7I
hTYP
npI1BO,L\HT
K
HCTo~eHHIO
nO'IBhI
-
"YTOM.lIeHIUO"
I-I
CIIHJKeHHlO
ee
IlJIO,L\OpO,L\HJI.
BOJIee
T
oro,
CU
-
XUPHUJI
CBeKJIa,
n
O,L\COJIHe'IHHK,
T
u6uK,
0311MM
nlUeHI1ll,U
H
pJI,L\
,L\pyrux
KYJIh
T
YP
npH
6eCCMeH
-
HOM
BhIpa
~
J1BUHI1U
nO
p
UJKUlOTCJI
PU3JIH
'
IHhIMH
60JIe3H.l1MIl,
CeJIhCK
O
X03JIi:icTBeHHhIMH
Bpe,L\HTe-
.IIJI.MH,
U
rrOJI.l1
3upaCTUlOT
Crrell,HqJI1l.JeCKHMI1
Cop-
HJI.KUMH.
STY
oc06eHHOCTh
CJIe.n.yeT
Yl.JHThIBUTh
npl-I
OprUHI13Ull,HH
Y3KOCrrell,HaJII13HPOBUHHhIX
qJepMep-
CKHX
II
,L\pyrHx
CI)opM
CeJIhX03npe,L\npHJI.THH.
3.
HcrroJIh30BuHHe
3eMJII1
CBJI3UHO
C
'IUCTO
nOBTOpJiIOIII.I1MCJI
11
rrpO,L\O.7IJKHTeJIhHhIM
BO
Bpe
-
MeHI1
PU3PhIBOM
MeJK,L\Y
6e3Mop03HhIM
nepI10,L\OM,
BpeMeHeM
npOIl3BO,L\CTBU
H
pU60'II1M
n
epUO,L\OM.
C
:3
To.i!i
oc0
6eHHoc
ThlO
CBJI.3UHhl
,L\JII1TeJIhHhIe
nep
e-
phIBbI
B
nCrrOJIh30BUHHH
3eMJIH.
BOT
nO'IeMY
B03,L\eJIhIBUHHlO
nOJKHUBHhIX,
nOBTopHhIX,
no,[\-
ceBHhlX
H
rrpOMeJKYTO'IHbIX
KYJIhTYP
B
nepBYlO
O'I
epe,L\h
B
ll,eHTpaJIhHoJ:'l,
lOJKHO
-
npe,L\rOpHOH
H
lOJKHOll
30HUX
KpU.l1
,L\OJIj
iOIO
Y,L\eJIJI.ThCJI
60JIhlllee
BHIIMUHHe
.
B
pe3YJIhTUTe
3U
CLleT
cOK
p~eHHJI
BpeMeHH
npOH3Bo,L\CTBU
OCHOBHhIX
KYJIbTYP
C03,L\aeTCJI
pe-
aJIhHaJI
B03MO)KHOCTh
B
60JIhlllHHCTBe
paMOHOB
·
KpM
C
O,L\HOrO
Y'IUCTKU
nUlllHII
rrOJIYl.JuTh
HeCKOJIb-
KO
yp0)i{UeB
CeJIhX03np0,L\YKTOB
B T
e'IeHHI1
ro,L\u.
BIIOKJIHMuTHl.
l
eCKI1H
nOT
e
Hll,n
aJI
OT,L\eJIhHhIX
30H
KpUJI.
np
e,L\
CTaBJIeH
B
Ta6JI
.
105
.
105.
BHOKJIHM3TJf1IeCKI1H
nOTeH~lIaJI
30H
KpaR
30HbI
3eMeJlbHtlJ'l
nJIOlll::t,o;h,
TbIC
.
r:l.
Cpe,o;Hero,o;o-
B[ls!
t,
° C
Be3MOpOJ-
HbI!"1
nep
l!
-
0,0;, ,o;He!"r
CYMMtl
3cpq
JeK-
TI1BHbIX
TeM-
nepnTYp.
°C
rO,o;OB[lJ'!
CY1I1M::t
ocn,o;KOB,
MM
K03<l.JejmI..V:leHT
YBJI:l.)KHeH
IIS!,
'X
,
CeBepHaJI.
1923
9.7-10.4
117-184
3200-3643
500-530
0.25-0.3
II,eHTpUJIhHUJI.
2182
10.4-10.8
194-197
3543-3654
570-
583
0.3-0.4
3una,lJ.HaJI
559
10.7
-
11
.0
192-195
3550-3650
436
0.3-0.4
AHurro-
TUMUHCKUJI
319
10.9-11
.9
190-199
3675-3822
452-459
0.25-0.3
IOJKHO-rrpe,L\ropHUJI;
nOO30H.bf:
ll,eHTpaJIhHO
-
nj)e,lJ.ropHaJI
1750
10
.7-
10.1
185-194
3348
850-911
0.4-0.6
3UnU
,L\HO-rrpe,L\rOpHUJI.
771
10.1
199
3350
850
0.4-0.6
'IepHOMOpCKUJI
reJIeH,L\)KUK
430
13.0
285-295
3200
850
0.6
CO'IH
332
14.0
320
-
335
4300
1500
0.8
He6peJKHOe
H
6e3,L\Y
lll
Hoe
o6pu~eHHe
C
nO'IBOI1:
CTOHJIO
JKH3Hl1
MHorHM
ll,UBUJII13Ull,I1JIM,
'IeMY
B I
1CTOPHH
H
upXeOJIO
r
HH
MHoro
npHMepOB
.
qeJIOBe'IeCTBO
3U
CBoe
cy
~
ecTBOBUHI1e
np
eB
pu-
THJIO
CUMhIe
nJIO,L\OpO,L\Hhle
3eMJIIl
B
nYCTbIHH,
KOTophle
YJKe
3aH
HMUlOT
1450
MJIH
ru.
1I
.
1I0~u,L\b
06pu6uTbIBueMoH
3eMJIH
COCTaBJIJIeT
OKOJIO
1475
MJIH
ra.
OnycTb
IH
I1BUHlIe
ll
JIaHeThI
np0,L\OJIJKaeT-
CJI
B03paCTUlOIII.HMH
TeMrrUMH
H
,L\OCTlirJIO
K
HU-
CTOJI.~eMy
BpeMeHH
6,5
MJIH
ru
B
ro,lJ..
1I0'IBeH-
Hble
pecypChI
nOCTOJIHHO
COKpU~alOTCJI
II
B
HU-
llleH
CTpaHe.
HunpHMep,
n
JIO~U,L\h
rrUlUHH
IIU
,L\YlUY
HaCeJIeHHJI
COKPUTI1JIUCh
C
1955
rro
1982
r .
C
1,2
ru
,L\O
0,82
.
B
KPUCHO,L\UPCKOM
Kpue
KOJIH'IeCTBO
nalUI-IH
HU
,L\YlUY
Huce.7IeHI1Jl
COKPUTUJIOCh
C
0,93
ra
B
1970
r .
,L\O
0,75
- B
1993
r.
11:3
06~e
r
o
KOJIU
-
1.leCTBU
nUlUHH
B
3694,6
TbIC
.
ru
e)KerO
,L\HO
H3hI
-
MaIOTCJI.
H3
060pOTU
no
pa3JIl1'IHhIM
npl1'IHI-IUM
60JIee
30
ThIC.
ru.
TaK,
C
1990
no
1993
r .
OHU
YM
eHblUHJIUCh
Ha
96,5
ThIC
.
ru,
U
CeJIhCKOX03JI.H-
CTBeHHhlX
yro,L\HI1:
-
HU
173,4
ThIC.
ru.
1I0
,L\a.HHhIM
HHCTl1TYTU
Ky6uHhHl1:l1:rHnpo-
3eM
TeMrrhI
pa3pYlUeHHJI
rrO'IB
B03pucTalOT.
TOJIhKO
3U
nepHO,L\
C
1975
no
1990
r.
nJIO~U,L\h
nUlUHH,
rro,lJ.Bep)KeHHOH
BO,L\HOH
3p03HH
B
cpe,L\-
1G4
Hell
CTeneHH,
YBeJIW{HJIUCb
B 6
pU3
C
45
{I,O
270
TbIC
.
ru,
r {I,e
KUK
MHHHMYM
nOTep.l1HO
nOJIOBHHU
ropH30IITU
A,
HJIH
60JIee
'-IeTBepTH
nJIO{I,OpO{I,H.l1.
lIJIo~u{I,b
ynJIOTHeHHoll
nUlliHH
B03POCJIU
B
2,9
pU3U,
nepeYBJIUJKHeHHOll
- B
1,5.
CPH3H'-IeCKH
nOBpeJK{I,eHHOll
nUlliHH
B
Kpue
HU
HULfUJIO
1994
r.
HMe
JI
OCb
2258,9
TbIC.
ru,
B
TOM
'-IHCJIe
nepeYBJIaJKHe
H
HOll
341,4,
ynJIOTHeHHoll
579,1,
cpe{I,He-
H
CHJIbHOKHCJIOTHoli
-
25,3,
no{I,-
BepJKeHHOi1
BO{I,HOll
3P03HH
-
549,9,
{I,ecllJIHpo-
BUHHOll
- 10
40,9
TbIC
.
ru.
ECTecTBeHHo,
urpo-
3KOJIOrH'-IeCKHii
nOTeHD;HUJI
H
qluKTH'-IeCKU.l1
ypOJKUllHOCTb
He
C
OBnU{I,aIOT
( T
u6JI
.
106).
CTe
-
neHb
pucnuxuHHoCTH
TeppHTopHH
B
Kpue
CUMU.l1
BbICOKU.ll
B
CTpUHe,
45-83%.
Bo
CPpUHn;HH,
HU-
npHMep,
3TU
BeJIlFIHHU
{I,OCTH
r
UeT
42
'X.,
B
rep-
'
MUHHH
-
32,
B
CIIIA
- 27.
KOJIHLfeCTB
o
nUlliHH
B
3epHoBoi1
30He
KpU.l1
3U
'-I
UC
TY lD
npeBbllliueT
90
%
OT
nJIO~U{I,H
ce
.
TIbCKOX03.l1llCTBeHHblx
yrO{I,Hll.
lIPHLfHHbl,
npHBe{I,lliHe
K
TUKOMY
COCTO.l1-
HHI<l
nOLfBbI,
PU3JIULfHbI.
lIo
CJIOBUM
A .
H.
TI<lPI<lI<UHOBU
(1990),
"COn;HUJIbHO-H{I,eOJIO
r
HLfeC
-
KHll
IIUPK03
c{I,eJIuJI
He3uMeTHoll
H
He~IYBCTBH
TeJIbHOll
rJIUBHYI<l
PUHY
LfeJIOBeLfeCTBU
-
PU3PY-
llieHHbIll
nO'-IBeHHbrii
nOKpOB
H3pUHeHHYKl
"KOJKY"
nJIUHeTbI".
TUKOBbI
HpuBcTBeHHb
l e
HU-
'-IUJIU,
{I,OKU3bIBuKl~He
He06xo{I,HMOCTb
r
JIy60Koro
H
nOCTO.l1HHO
r O
H3Y~IeHH.ll
CBOllCTB
n
O'-IBbI,
I<OTO-
pble
K
TOMY
JKe
06JIU{I,UKlT
3HU~IH
T
eJIbHOll
{I,HHU
-
MHLfHOC
T
bKl.
B .
CP.BuJIbKOB
C
COUBTOPUMH
(1993)
{I,UI<lT
HaY'-IHOe
06'b.llCHeHHe
npon;eccy
pU3pYllie-
HH.l1
nO'-IB
:
"EcTecTBeHHoll
OCHOB011
cOBpeMeHHO}
I
TeopHH
n JIO{I,OpO{I,H.l1 n
O'-IB
He
r o
BocnpOH3BO{I,CTBU
B
HHTeHCHBHOM
3eMJIe{I,eJIHII
.llBJI.l1KlTC.l1
3UKOHO-
MepHOCTH
KYJIbTypHoro
nO'-IBo06pU30BUTeJIbHOrO
n
pon;ec
c
u,
B
COOTBeTCTBHH
C
KOTOPbIM
06MeH
Be
-
~eCTB
H
3HeprHH
H
HX
npeBpa~eHH.l1
B
3eMJIe-
{I,eJIb'-IeCKH
HCnOJIb3yeMblx
nO'-IBUX
KOJIH~eCTBeH
HO
H
KaqeCTBeHHO
cy~ecTBeHHO
pU3JIHQaKlTC.l1
no
cpaBHeHHKl
C
npHpO{I,HbIM
not.{Bo06pa30BaHHeM.
9TH
pa3JIHt.{H.l1
B03HHKUKlT
B
pe3YJIbTaTe
n;eJIeHa
-
n
paBJIeHHOrO
B03{I,ellCTBH.l1
t.{eJIOBeKa
Ha
n
O<IBY"
.
llMeHHo
n;eJIe
H
anpaBJIeHHOe
B03{I,ellCTBHe
t.{eJIO
-
BeKa,
HJIH
UHTponoreHHbIll
qlaKTop,
CTOJIb
Hera
-
THBHO
BJIH.l1KlT
Ha
eCTeCTBeHHbIll
nOt.{Bo06pa30Ba-
TeJIbHbIll
npon;ecc.
3aMeTHM,
t.{TO
TepMHH
"HHTeHCHBHoe
3eMJIe{I,eJIHe"
nO.l1BHJIC.l1
H
OCTaJIC.l1
B
yno
T
pe6JIeHHH
C
3UCTOllHoro
BpeMeHH
KUK
3JIeMeHT
H{I,eOJIOrHt.{ecKoro
npecca,
U
Cy~HOCTb
ero
BblpUJKeHU
HUH60JIee
TOt.{HO
B.ll.
KHPKllliH
-
HbIM
(1989),
KOTOPblll
HU3BUJI
HHTeHCHBHoe
3eM-
JIe{I,eJIHe
3KCTpeMUJIbHbIM
. B
nO{I,UBJI.llKl~eM
60JIblliHHCTBe
npaKTnl.feCKOe
3eMJIe{I,eJIHe
POCCHH
HMeJIO
H
HMeeT
3KCTpeMUJIbHbIll
xupUKTep
.
,[(0
-
CTUTOt.{HO
CKU3UTb,
t.{TO B
HeM
6UJIUHC
3JIeMeHTOB
nHTUHH.ll
H
rY
MYcu
6bIJI
H
OCTUeTC.l1
{I,eq
)
Hn;H
T
Hb
I M
H
OCTpO{I,ecj
J
Hn;HTHbIM.
4.
6.
nYTV1
PAL\V10HAJlbHorO
V1C
n O
Jl
b30BAHV1Sl 3EMEJlb
lOG.
Arp03KOJlOrH'IeCKHH
1I0TeH~HaJl
H
<l>aKTII-
QeCKa.l1
YPOJKUHHOCTL
3a
80
-e
rr
.
110
OCHOBHLIM
KyJIbTypSM
KPSH,
~/ra*
Arpo-
3KOJlO-
ct>UKTlI-
r11'!ec
-
qeCKU.fI
KYJlbTYPU
KI1H
ypo
-
Pa3HI1
-
'X,
nOTeH-
'I<lUl-
lIU
lIl1aJl
HOCTb
031!Ma.fI
nweHHua
55,0
32,7
22,3
40,5
03HMbIli
.fI'IMeHb
60,0
34,7
25
,3
42,1
KyKYPY3U
Ha
3epHO
65,0
33,3
31,7
48,8
ropox
35,0
20,3
14,7
40,2
PHC
80,0
41,9
38,
1
47,5
CaxUPHU.fI
CBeKJlU
500,0
27
0,0
230,0
46,0
ITo,n;cOJlHe'IHlIK
30,0
20,0
1
0,0
33,3
,
',
HCnOJlb30BaHbl
o606IJJ;eHHble
,n;aHHble
HaY'IHblX
yqpem,n;eHlIH,
roccopTOY'IUCTKOB,
,n;enUpT:lMeHTU
CeJlb-
CRoro
X03.fIIICTBIl.
PUn;nOHUJIbHOe
HCnOJIb30BUHlIe
not.{B
B
CeJIb-
CKOX03.l1llCTBeHHoM
npOH3BO{I,CTBe
npe{I,ycMuTPH-
BueT
onTHMH3Un;UIO
eCTeCTBeHHblX
not.{Bo06pU30-
BUTeJIbHblX
npOn;eccoB
npH
nOMo~H
KOMnJIeKCU
urpoTexHHt.{ecKux
npHeMoB.
K
HHM
OTHOC.l1TC.l1
060CHOBuHHble
CHCTeMb
l
npuMeHeHII.l1
OprUHH'-Ie-
CKHX
H
MHHepUJIbHblX
Y{I,06peHHll
,
cnoc06bl
06
-
pU60TKH
not.{BbI,
MeJIHOpaTHBHb
l e
npHeMbl,
HU-
60p
B03{I,eJIbIBUeMbIX
KYJIbTYP
B
ceBo060pOTUX
H
n
O{I,60p
HX
COPTOB,
TPUHCCPOPMU
U;
H.l1
3eMeJIbHb
l X
yrO{I,H}
1 B
COOTBeTCTBlUI
C
oc06eHHOCT.llMH
urpo-
3KOJIOr.l-~eCKHX
YCJIOBHii
perHoHu.
BUJKHe}IIlIHM
not.{Bo06pu30BUTeJIbHblM
npo-
n;
eCCOM
.l1BJI.l1eTC.l1
rYMYCOHUKO
n
JIeHHe,
n03TOMY
onTlIMH3Un;H.l1
rYMYCHoro
COCTO.llHH.ll
nO<IB
OCTU-
eTC.l1
nepBoHut.{UJIbHOll
3U{I,ut.{ell.
TeM
60JIee,
t.{TO C
KOJIHt.{eCTBeHHbIM
U
Kut.{eCTBeHHbIM
CO{I,epJKUHU-
eM
rYMYCU
KOppeJIl
·
lpYIOT
MHorHe
nO
JI
OJKHTeJIb-
IibIe
CBOllC
T Ba
nOt.{B.
On;eHIIBU.l1
3HUt.{eHHe
rYMYCU,
MHorHe
Yt.{e-
Hble
CTUBHJIH
ero
HU
nepBoe
MeCTO,
KUK
IIOKU3U
-
TeJIb
KUqeCTBeHHOll
ou;eHKH
n
O'
I
Bb
I.
TaK,
B. P .
BUJIb.l1MC
II
HCaJI,
t.{TO C
I<UKOll
6bI
CTOPOHbI
HH
PUCCMU
T
PHBUJIH
nO'-IBY,
" .
..
BCKl{I,Y
cellt.{UC
JKe
BCnJIbIBUeT
Bonpoc
06
op
r
uHHt.{ecKoM
Be~eCTBe
not.{BbI
KUK
rJIUBHOM
cjJUKTOpe,
onpe{I,eJI.l1Kl
~
eM
BeCb
ee
xupuKTep,
Bce
cBolicTBu,
BCKl
cjJH3HOHO
-
MHIO
not.{BbI"
(1948,
9TKl{I,bl
0 r
YMyce).
COBpe
-
MeHHoe
not.{BOBe{I,eHHe
KBUJIucjJHn;HpyeT
rYMYC
KaK
"CBoero
pO{I,a
aKKYMYJI.l1TOP
3HeprHH,
He06-
XO{I,lIMOlr
B
npon;ecce
C03{I,aHH.ll
nJIO{I,OpO{I,H.l1
nOt.{B,
U
nOCJIe{I,Hee
onpe{I,eJI.l1eTC.l1
BeJIHt.{HHoll
MaCCb
I
oprUHUt.{eCKHX
BeIIIeCTB
,
yt.{UCTBYIO~HX
B
6UOJIOnr~eCKOM
KpyroBopoTe
not.{BU
-
paCTeHHe
-
UTMoccjJepu"
(A.H.
MUKCYMOB).
lIp06JIeMa
coxpalieliH.l1
CO{I,epJKaHU.ll
rYMyca
B
nOt.{Bax
UMeeT
rJI06UJIbHbIll
xapUKTep.
9TO
OT-
IG5
4.
PA
UIIlOHAnbHOE
IIlCnO
nb30BAHIIlE
III
OXPAHA
nOLJB
HOCHTCR
~
K
60raTeHwHM
no
cO,LIepmaHHlO
rYMY-
ca
n
O"lBaM
-
"IepH03eMaM.
HanpHMep,
eCJIH
B
"IepH03eMHoH
30He
POCCHH
B.B.
,l(oK~raeB
B
Ha"la-
JIe
90-x
rr
.
npowJIoro
BeKa
HaweJI
3,6
MJIH
ra
naIDHH
C
cO,LIepmaHHeM
rYMYCU
60.lIee
10%,
TO
K
1980
r.
HH
O,LIHoro
reKTapa
TaKHX
nOqB
B
UeHT
-
PaJIbHO-qepH03eMHoM
06JIUCTH
YJKe
He
COXpaHH-
JIOCb
.
M3
XopOWO
rYMYCHpOBaHHbIX
nO"lB
MeHbwe
BbIMbIBueTCR
n
HTaTeJIbHbIX
Be~eCTB,
Ha
HHX
paCTeHHR
,LIOJIbWe
BereTHpYlOT,
a
CJIe,LIOBaTeJIbHO,
HUKa
n
JIHBUJOT
60JIbWe
6HOMaCCbI.
MHKpoopra-
HH3MbI
rYMYCHpOBaHHbIX
IIOqB
6blCTpee
H
T~a
TeJIbHee
O"lH~alOT
ee
OT
HHOPO,LIHbIX
Bpe,LIHhIX
Be~eCTB
-
He(j.JTenpO,LIYKTOB,
pa3JIH
"IH
bIX
XHMH-
qeCKHX
H
HHb
I X
coe,LIHHeHHM
H
TaKHM
06pa30M
coxpaHRlOT
cpe,LIY
06HTaHHR
. BO.lIee
rYMYCHpO-
BaHHbie
nOqBbI
06JIa,LIalOT
MeHbweH
TenJIOnpo-
BO,LIHOCTblO,
a
aTO
3HUqHT,
"ITO
B
CypOBble
3HMbi
MeHbwe
Bb
l
Mep3UlOT
03HMbie
KYJIhTYPhI.
ECJIH
60JIhWe
rYMYCU,
TO
60JIhWe
H
TenJIOeMKOCTh
rrOqBhI,
B
pe3YJIhTaTe
MeHhwe
HcrrapReTcR
BJIa-
rI-I,
KOTopaR
paBHoMepHee
PUCXO,LIyeTcR
Ha
POCT
KYJIh
T
YPHhlX
paCTeHH}!.
B
HaC
T
OR~ee
BpeMR
,LIOKU3UHO,
"ITO
nOTepR
rYMyca
rrOqBUMH
Be,LIeT
K
apH,LIHOCTH
KJlHMaTa
u.eJIh
I X
perHOHOB
H
,LID.me
KOHTHHeHTOB
:
"IeM
MeHh
w e
rYM
yca,
TeM
CBeTJlee
nOqBD.
II
TeM
60JlhWe
OHa
OTpD.mD.eT
COJIHe"lHh
I X
JlY"IeH
. B
BepXHHX
CJIORX
aTMocc
iJ
ePhI
OT
paJKeHHhIe
JlyqH
npeBpD.~alOTCR
B
KOJlOCCD.JlhHOe
KOJIHqeCTBO
3HeprHH
,
KOTOPD.R
npenRTcTByeT
I<'OH,LIeHCD.u.HH
BO,LIRHhIX
nD.pOB
H,
CJle,LIOBD.TeJlhHO,
BhInD.,LIeHUlO
oca,LIKOB.
B
3TOM
O,LIHD.
H3
rr
pHqHH
nORBJleHIIR
3D.CYX
B
MeCTD.X,
r,LIe
B
rrpemHee
BpeMR
OHH
He
CJlyqaJlHCb.
TaK
npORBJIReTCR
yme
He
TOJIhKO
YTHJlUTapHaR,
CeJlhCKOX03RHCTBeHHD.R,
HO
1-1
rJI06UJIhHaR
3KOJIOrUqeCKUR
POJIh
rYMyca.
MHorHe
arpocjlU3H
q
eCKHe
CBOHCTBD.
nOqBbI
3aBHCRT
OT
cO,LIepmaHHR
B H
eM
rYMYCD..
C
ero
rroTepeM
YXY,LIWaeTcR
OCTpYKTypeHHocTb
nOqBbI,
"ITO
cpa3Y
Be,LIeT
K
HeraTHBHOMY
H3MeHeHHlO
BO.L\HOrO
H
B03,L1y
w
Horo
pemHMOB,
YBeJIHqeHHlO
06'beMHOM
MD.CChI.
3TO
B
CBOlO
Oqepe,LIb
co
n
po-
Bom,LIaeTcR
pe3KHM
B03paCTaHHeM
TRrOBoro
co-
npOTIlBJleHHR
rr
pu
pD.60Te
CeJlbX03MD.WHH,
D.
3HD.qHT
rrepepacxoAyeTcR
rOplOqee
11
6b
I
CTpee
H3HaWHBD.eTCR
TeXHHKD..
YnJIOTHeHHhIe
nO"lBbI
rr03me
nocneBalOT,
TeM
caMhIM
3ana3,L1bIBalOT
BeceHHe-rrOJIeBbIe
pa60ThI,
a
3TO
TaKme
CHHmaeT
ypomaHHOCTb.
Ha
TaKHX
nOqBaX
06pa3YlOTCR
BbIMOqKH
03HMhIX
KyJIbTYP,
Mome
T
HaqaTbCJ'l
3u60JIaqHBaHHe,
"ITO
H
npOHCXO.L\HT
B
nOCJle.L\HIIe
rO.L\bI
paCTY~HMH
T
eMnaMH
.
IIocJIe
yrrJlOTHeHHJ'l
CeJIbX03TeXHHKOM
YBeJlHqHBD.eTCJ'l
BO
BpeMeHH
eCTeCTBeHHoe
BOCCTaHOBJIeHHe
06'beMHOM
MaCChI
H
CJIOmeHHJ'l
y
MD.JIOrYMYCHhIX
nOqB
.
BeCCTPYK-
TIO'IBU
M3MeHeHHe
Cop;ep)KU
-
Hlle
ryMYCU
3a
10
neT
E)Kero,D;-
Hoe
CHII-
)KeHlle
6bl.ll0
CTuno
~epH03eM:
06b
l
KHoBeHHblii:
4,25
3,94
0,031
TllDl1'IHblJ1
4,22
4,00
0,025
Bbllll.e.TIO'leHHhIH
4,45 4,05
0,040
~ep;Hee
--
----
--
0,032
TypHhIe
ynJIOTHeHHhIe
IIOqBhI
Me,LIJleHHO
H
MaJIO
nor
JlO~UJOT
TaJlYlO
H
,LIOm,LIeBYlO
BJIary,
cJIa60
CnpUBJIRlOTCR
C
c}JYHKu.ueii
perYJIJ'lTOpa
CTOKa
3T1-IX
BO.L\,
'ITO
B
KOHeqHOM
CqeTe
Be,LIeT
K
po.3BH-
TlIlO
OBpo.rOB:
TaKue
nO'-lBhl
B
nepBylO
Oqepe,LIb
rrO.L\.L\o.lOTCJ'l
3P03HOHHbIM
npou.eccaM.
fYMYCHoe
COCTORHHe
IIOqB
KpUCHO,LIapCKoro
KpaJ'l
H
npem,LIe
Bcero
OCHOBHoro
naXOTHoro
cjJOH,LIa -
qepH03eMOB
rrpeTeprreJlO
cy~ecTBeHHbIe
H3MeHeHUJ'l
3a
nepHO,LI
HX
I-ICnOJIh30BaHHR
B
CeJIbCKOX03RMCTBeHHOM
npOU3BO,LICTBe
.
3a
rro-
CJIe,LIHHe
4-5
,LIecRTHJIeTHM
OHH
YTPD.THJIH
60JIee
TpeTII
rYMYcu:
Cpe,LIHerO,LIOBhIe
ero
nOTepH
rrpH-
6JIHmD.lOTCJ'l
K 5
MJlH
T,
HJIH
OKOJIO
1,2
T C r
eK-
Tapa
nawHU
.
3a
ro,LI
CO,LIepmUHUe
rYMYca
CHH-
maeTCR
Ha
0,03
a6CO.lIlOTHhIX
rrpou.eHTa,
H
aTU
Be-
JIUqUHD.
OCTD.eTCR ,LIOBOJIbHO
cTa6HJIhHOH
Ha
'-IepHO-
3eMD.X
06hIKHoBeHHhIx,
THIIHqHhIX,
BhI~eJIOqeH
HhIX
(Ta6Jl.
107).
107.
COnepJKaHHe
ryMyca
B naXOTllOM CJIoe
nO'IB
KpacHonapcKoro
KpaR
(naHllhIe
Ky6aHh-
HHHrHnpo3eMa)
I
I
I
I
,l(D.me
B
YCJlOBURX
OTHOCHTeJIhHO
BhICOKOM
KYJlhTYPhI
3eMJle,LIeJlHR
HU
rocY,LID.pCTBeHHhIx
copToyqaCTKaX
rrOJlO.II<eHHe
He
MeHReTCR
(Ta6Jl
.
108).
108.
COnepJKallHe
ryMyca
B naXOTHOM CJIoe
nO'IB
Ha
COPTOy<JaCTIWX
KpacHOnapcKoro
KpaR,
%
(naHHble
Ky6aHhHHHrHnpo3eMa)
fCY
M3MeHeHIIR
Cop;ep)KU
-
HIIR
rVMVCU
3U
34
rop;u
E)Kerop;-
I
Hoe
CHI1-
)KeHne
I
6blJI0
CTU.TIO
KUHeBcKu{I
5,2
4,2
0,029
E{ICKlUl:
4,9
3,7
0,039
HOBonoKPOBCKI1I1:
4,3
3,2
0,032
KaBKa3cKHM
4,8
3,7
0,032
Cpep;Hee
-
_0..,.032
_J
H3BeCTHO
·,
"ITO
,LIeCiJuu.HTHhIJi
6aJIaHC
rYMyca
CKJID.,LIhIBaeTCR
npu
He,LIOCTaTO'-lHOM
nocTynJleHHH
OprUHHqeCKUX
Be~eCTB
B
nOqBY
,
T.e
.
TeMnh
I
ero
MHHepaJIH3D.u.HH
BhIwe
HOBo06pa30BD.HHR
.
OCHOBHhIM
UCTOqHHKOM
nocTynJleHHJ'l
Op
r
aHHqe-
CKoro
Be~eCTBa
B
naXOTHhle
IIOqBhI
RBJIJ'llOTCR
nomHUBHO-KopHeBhIe
OCTaTKH
KYJIhTYP
ceB
o
06o-
pOTa
1-1
OprUHHqeCKHe
Y,LI06peHHR.
Ho
KYJIhTYPhI
ceBo060pOTD.
OCTaBJIJ'llOT
Heo,LIHHaKOBoe
KOJIHqe-
1GG
CTBO
OpraHM'-IeCKOrO
Be~eCTBa.
HanpMMep,
B
CYMMe
Ha.L(3eMHOH
II
nO.L(3eMHO~1
'-IacTeii
HaKlln-
JIIlBUIOT
(B
TOHHUX
HU
reKTap):
03MMIlJI
nUIeHIlIJ,a
- 3,:"',
ropox
-
2,6,
KUpTOcl)eJIb
-
0,6,
CUXUPHIlJI
CBeKJIU
-
1,8,
JIIOIJ,epHa
-
12,3
T /
ra
. B
IJ,eJIOM
n
po
n
aUIHble
KYJIbTYPbI
MeHbUIe
OCTaBJIJIIOT
op-
rUHMqeCKOrO
Be~eCTBU
B
nO'-IBe
no
cpUBHeHMIO
C
3epHOBbIMM
M
TpUBUMM.
MMHepUJIM3UIJ,MJI
rYMYCU
TUKJKe
PU3JIll'-IHU
no.L(
KYJIbTYPUMII:
3epROBbIMH
-
OKOJIO
0,9
TOHHbI
HU
reKTupe,
nponUUIHb
I
MM
-
2,4.
CJIep;OBUTeJIbHO,
HUCbI~eRHeM
ceBoo6opoTa
PU3HbIMM
KYJIbTypUMH
MO.iKHO
perYJIUpOBUTb
B
onpe,D;eJIeHHOH
CTeneHU
nocTynJIeHHe
OprUHMqe-
CKoro
Be~eCTBU
B
nO'-IBY
.
YpoBeHb
yp0.iKIlIIHOCTU
KYJIbTYP
O.L(H03HU'-IHO
BJIUJIeT
HU
HaKOnJIeHIle
nO.iKHHBHO-KopHeBbIX
OCTaTKOB
B
nO'-IBe:
'-IeM
BbIUIe
YPO.lf<aHHOCTb,
TeM
60JIbUIe
I1X
HaKUnJIH
-
BUeTCJI.
KO:3cl)clmIJ,MeHTbI
rYMHClnIKaIJ,MM
cyxorl
MUCChI
nO.iKHHBHO-KopHeBbIX
OCTUTKOB
CeJIbCKO-
X03JIHCTBeHHblx
I<YJIbTYP
pa3JIM~IHbl
M
3IlBIfC.RT
OT
6HOXHMH'-IeCKOrO
COCTUBU
pucTeHui-i
(Ta6JI
.
109)
.
109.
K03IjJ<I))n.~HeHThI
rYMuljJuKaIJ,llH
CYXOH
Mac-
ChI
nOIKHUBHO-KopHeBhIX
OCTaTKOB
CeJlhCKOXO-
3JIHCTBeHHhIX
KYJIbTYP
1<oo(IHI)II)\I1
'
CeJIbCKOX03JIUCTBeHHUJI
KYJIbTypa
CII
T).)
"y
-
M
"'1m
K:\-
1
~
1(J1
MHOrOJIeTHHe
6060BhIe
TPUBhI
0,25
3epHoBble
3epH0606oBbIe
O.L(HOJIeTHUe
0,20
KYKYPY3a
M
,D;pyrHe
CMJIOCHhIe,
no.L(-
0,15
COJIHeqHHK,
KOHOrrJIJI
KupToq)eJIb,
KOpHenJIOp;hI,
OBO~M
0,08
KUK
CJIe.L(yeT
U3
Tu6JIHIJ,bI,
Ha
r
YMYCHoe
co-
CTO.HHUe
nO'-IB
Hal-160JIee
6JIarOnpH.HTHO
BJIM.HIOT
MHO
r
OJIeTHMe
TpaBbI,
3aTeM
KyJIbTYPbl
CnJIOUIHO-
ro
ceBU
.
IIo,D;
nporraUIHbIMH
KyJIbTYPUMH
OTMe-
'-IUeTC.R,
KaK
rrpaBHJIO,
MUKCHMUJIbHbIH
pu
XOP;
rYMycu
.
CJIO.iKHBUIa.HCJI
B
Kpae
CHCTeMU
Bep;eHH.H
CeJIbCKOX03.HHCTBeHHoro
npOH3BOP;CTBU
TaKOBU,
'-ITO B
3eMJIe,D;eJIHH
npHH.HTa
c'rpyKTypa
noceBHbIX
rrJIO~a.n;eH,
npM
KOTOPOH
Ha
O,D;HOM
reKTupe
rr
aUIHH
B
Cpe.L(HeM
311
rop;
MHHepUJIH3yeTC.H
0,
8-1,7
T r
YMYCU
M
TOJIbKO
OKOJIO
nOJIOBMHhI
ero
B03MeIJ:(ueTC.H
3U
C'-IeT
pUCTHTeJIhHbIX
nocJIey60-
PO'-IHbIX
OCTIlTKOB
, U
.iKHBOTHOBO,D;CTBO
B
IJ,eJlOM
He
06eCne'-IHBUeT
3eMJIe,D;eJIHe
He06xop;HMbIM
KO-
JlM'-IeC
T
BOM
HaB03a
B
KUqeCTBe
OpraHI1'-IeCKOrO
y
p;06peHH.R
.
Cpep;HerO.L(OBoH
6aJIaHC
rYMyca
K
1990
r.
no
KpUIO
6bIJI
(TOHH
HU
reKTup):
pUCXO.L(
-
0,95,
npHXO.L(
-
0,49,
.L(eqmIJ,HT
-
0,45.
IIoTpe6HocTb
B
opruHl~IecKIlx
yp;o6peHMJIX
-
7,6
T/ru.
PUCqeThI
4.6. n
VTVl
PAL.\VlOHAJlbHOrO VlCnOJlb30BAHVl51 3EMEJlb
nOKU3bIBUIOT,
'-ITO
paCUIHpeHHoe
BocnpOH3BO.L(-
CTBO
nO'-IBeHHOro
nJlO,D;opO.L(H.R H
nOJlyqeHU
e
Cpe.L(HUX
ypo.lf<aeB
B
Kpue
B03MO.iKHO
npH
BHece-
HIlll
7-8
T
OprUHMqeCKHX
y.L(06peHUrl
Ha
reKTap
B
ceBepHo~I
Ii
9-11
B
.u.eHTpaJlhHOii
II
IO.iKHOnpep;
-
ropHoii
30Hax
. .IJ:JlJI
TIlKOrl
3anpaBKH
nO'-IB
opra-
HH'-IeCKHMH
y.L(06peHH.HMI1
3unaCOB
HaB03U
He
XBUTueT.
Hep;OCTaIO~ee
IIX
KOJlH'l:eCTBO
MO.lf<HO
nOnOJlHHTb
COJlOMO}1
03HMbIX
KOJlOCOBhIX
KyJlb-
TYp
.
HUY'-IHbIMH
Y'-Ipe.iKp;eHIl.HMII
YCTaHOBJleHO,
'-ITO
1 T
COJlOMbI
no
p;eHcTBlIIO
HU
rYMycoo6pu30-
BaHHe
rrpupUBHllBUeTC.H
K
3,5
T
nOp;CTIlJlO'-IHOrO
HaB03a.
8TOT
pe3epB
OprUHllqeCKIlX
y,D;06peHHH
n03BOJl.HeT
,D;OBeCTM
HX
BHeceHHe
,D;O
8 T
Ha
reK-
Tllp
B
Cpe.L(HeM
no
KpIlIO.
KpoMe
Toro,
UCnOJIb30-
BaHne
COJlOMbI
B
KU'-IeCTBe
OpraHnqeCKHX
y.L(06-
peHuH
H36aBJl.HeT
OT
31lTpaT
no
ee
y6opKe,
a
IIC-
KJlIO'-IeHHe
H3
TeXHOJlOrH'IeCKIIX
OnepUIJ,H~1
cmu-
raHU.H
CTepHU
C
COJlOMOrI
.HBJl.HeTC.R
BU.iKHbIM
npupO,D;ooxpaHHb
I M
MepOnpU.HTUeM
.
YC
T
aHOBJleHO,
'-ITO
BHeceHHe
COJlOMb
I B
KU-
q
CTBe
yp;o6peHIIii
no
pa3pa60TuHHbIM
TeXHOJIO-
rUJIM
YBeJlH'-IUJIO
cO.L(epmaHIle
rYMYcu
B
naXOT-
HOM
CJIoe
3U
pOTaIJ,UIO
UIeCTHnOJIbHOrO
3BeHU
ce
-
Boo6opOTa
HIl
Bbl~eJIO'-IeHHOM
qepH03eMe
HIl.
0,20%, B
cpUBHeHHII
C
HCXOP;HbIM
cop;epmaHlIeM
nepep;
3IlKJIa.L(KO}
I
onbITa,
U
ypo""uiiHOCTb
3epHa
B03pOCJIa
Ha
12
% .
AHUJlOrII'-IHbl
e
pe3YJIbTaTbI
rrOJIY'-IeHb
I
Ha
TUnllqHbIX
II
06bIKHoBeHHbIx
'-Iep-
H03eMax,
r.L(e
KOJIU'-IeCTBO
rYMYCU
YBeJlH'-IllJlOCh
HIl
0,15%
,
nOBbICI1JIIl.Cb
ypomllHHocTh
CeMJIH
nO.L(COJlHe"-IHHKU,
KyKypy3bI
HU
CIIJlOC
II
.L(pyrux
KYJlbTYP
HU
8-12%,
YJIY'-IUIHJIOCb
coxpUHeHHe
npO,D;YKTIIBHOH
BJlUru
.
.IJ:oKu3aHa
u,eHHOCTb
co-
JIOMbI
B
Ka"-IeCTBe
OpraHlIqeCKOrO
Y,D;o6peHHJI
II
B
PHCOBbIX
eBoo6opoTax.
C
O.L(HOll
TOHHoi:'1
COJIOMhI
B n
OqBY
B03Bpa~UeTCJI
p;o
4,5
Kr
U30TU,
2,2
¢OCq)OPHOj:'1
KIlCJIOTbI,
10
-
OKHcn
KUJIHJI,
2,7
-
OKl1CH
KaJlb.u.HJI,
1,1
-
OKlIcn
MUrHl1JI,
8,5
-
.iKeJle3U,
10
-
KpeMHHJI
II
,D;p
.
Op;HoBpeMeHHo
3HU'-IHTeJlbHO
YJIY"-IUIaIOTC.H
cj)H3H'l:eCKUe
CBOHCTBU
nO'-IBbI,
nOBbIWUeTCJI
nO,D;BIl.iKHOCTb
II
,D;ocTyn-
HOCTb
,D;Jl.H
pacTeHHH
MHorMX
:3JleMeHTOB
nnTU
-
HI1JI.
B
Cpe,D;HeM
Ka.iK,D;aJI
TOHHa
BHeceHHOH
co-
JIOMbI
n
OBbIUIueT
yp0.iKUHHOCTb
pHca
HU
1,2
IJ,.
COJIOMa,
KaK
OprUHn'-IeCKOe
Y,D;06peHHe.
pU3JlarUeTCJI
Mep;JIeHHee
B
CpaBHeHUH
C
HUB030M
H3-3a
Rep;OCTUTKa
B
nOqBe
U30TU.
IIo:3ToMY
.L(Jl.H
YJlY'-IUIeHHJI
YCJIOBHH
rYMHCl)HKUU,UH
Heo6xop;IIMO
HIl
KU.iK,D;YIO
TOHHY
COJlOMbI
BHOClITb
HU
06bIKHO
-
BeHHblX
q
pH03eMax
6-8
Kr
U30Ta,
HU
Tunl~HbIX
H
BbI~eJIO'-IeHHbIX
-
p;o
10.
COBMecTHoe
BHece-
HIle
COJlOMbI
C
MI1RepaJlbRbIMH
Y.L(06peHHJIMU
YMeHbUIueT
BbIMbIBaHHe
HIIT
p
UTHoro
U30Ta
RU
10-25%.
BbICOKli~
I
:3q)(IJeKT
p;ueT
npe.L(BUpUTeJIb-
Ha.R,
30.
HeCKOJIbKO
,D;Heii
,D;O
3u
rr
uUIKH,
o6pu6oTKa
H3MeJlh'-IeHHOH
no
nOJlIO
COJIOMbI
.iKiiAKHMH
MH-
167
l
i
,
1
4. PAUV10HAJlbH
OE
V1cnonb30SAHI-1E
V1
OXPAHA
noys
HepaJIbHbIMI1
y,n;06peHI1J'1MI1.
ITPI1
cpe,n;HeM
Bb
I-
xO,ll;e
COJIOMbI
B 5 T C
reKTUpu
11
ee
OCTUBJIeHl111
B
KU'leCTBe
y,n;06peHI1J'1
aTO
PUBH03HU'lHO
BHeCeHI1IO
17
T
HUB03U.
KpoMe
To
r
o,
MYJIb'lI1PYIO
~
l1H
aql
-
(lleKT
COJIOMb
I
YBeJII1'll1BUeT
HUKOnJIeHl1e
npo,n;YK
-
TI1BHOl'!
BJIarl1
.
Y,lI;06peHl1e
COJIOMOH
BbIcoKoaqlcpeKTI1B-
Hb
I H
npl1eM
B
nOBbIUleHI111
n
O'lBeHHOro
nJIo,ll;Opo
-
,lI;11J'1
BO
Bcex
30HUX
KpUJi,
'ITO
nO,ll;TBep.IK,lI;UeTCR
He
TOJIbKO
nOJIeBbIMH
o n
bITUMI1,
HO
11
npOH3BO,ll;-
CTBeHHbIMH
,n;UHHbIMI1.
TaK,
B
COBX03e
"KOHOKOBCKI1H"
Y
cneHCKoro
PUlIOHU
CPUBHl1-
BUJIaCb
06~enpHHJ'lTUJ'I
OCHOBHUJi
06pu60TKU
nO'lBbI
-
BcnUIllKU
no,n;
n
O,ll;COJIHe'lHl1K,
KYKYPY3Y
HU
3epHO
11
CI1JIOC C
nJIOCKOpe3HOH
06pu60TKOH
11
BHeceHl1eM
COJIOMbI.
30.
'leTb
l
pe
ro,n;u
C
06~e{I
nJIo~u,n;11
1002
ru
nOJIY'leHa
cpe,ll;H.qR
npu6uBKU
ceMRH
nO,ll;COJIHe'lHHKU
2,2
1.1;
C
KU.IK,n;oro
reKTupu
.
KYKYPY3U
HU
CI1JIOC B
Te'leH
H
I1
3
JIeT
HU
nJIO~U
,lI;H
805
ru
YBeJIl1'll1BUJIU
YP0.IKUHHOCTb
HU
39,6
1.1;.
KYKYPY3U
HU
3epHO
npl1
,n;BYXJIeTHeM
ncnbl
T UHI111
YBeJIH'll1JIU
yp0.IKaHHOCTb
HU
8,5
1.1;.
ITOJIO.IKl1TeJIbHOe
BJII1J'1HI1e
PI1COBOH
COJIOMbI
HU
YP0.IKUHHOCTb
pI1CU
nOKU3aHa
npuKTHKOH
8CX
"KpacHoe"
H
PI1COCOBX03U
"OP,lI;bIHcKutI"
. B
nepBOM
npI1
cpe,n;He{I
yp0.IKUHHOCTI1
Ha
KOHTpOJIe
55,2
1I,
n
OJIYLleHa
npI16aBKa
6,5
1.I;
/ru,
BO
BTOPOM
COOTBeTCTBeHHO
48,8
H
4,6
1.I;
/
ru
.
30.
3
ro,n;u
B
PHCOcoBx03e
"KpacHoapMeHcKHH"
TIp
I1
ypo.IKuii-
HOCTI1
Ha
KOHTpOJIe
B
69
1.1;
OT
BHeCeHI1Ji
COJIOMb
I
,n;onOJIHHTeJIbHO
n
OJIY'leHO
n o
5,2
1.1;
C
KU.IK,n;oro
reKTapa.
TUKI1M
06pa30M,
npUMeHeHI1e
nO.IKHUBHbIX
OCTaTKOB
CeJIbCKOX03RHcTBe
H
Hblx
Ky.fIbTYP
B
KU-
'leCTBe
OprUHH'leCKI1X
y,n;06peHHH
RBJIJieTCR
BU.lKHOH
MepoH
no
coxpUHeHHIO
nO'lBeHHOro
TIJIO-
,n;OPO,ll;HJ'I.
,nOKU3aHO,
'ITO
perYJIJipHOe
BHeceHHe
opra-
HH'leCKHX
y,n;06peHl1H,
11
npe.IK,n;e
Bcero
HUB03a,
B
On
T
HMUJIbHbIX
,n;03UX
n o
30HUM
KpaJi
nOBbIUlue
T
YPO.IKUiIHOCTb
3epHU
0311MOH
nUleHI11.1;bI
11
KyKy-
P
Y3bI
C
reKTupa
HU
4-12
1.1;,
CUXUPHOH
CBeKJIb
I
HU
60-90
1.1;
11
HU
20-25%
YBeJII1'lI1BUeT
YP0.IKUH-
HOCTb
OBO~HbIX
11
nJIo,n;OBblX
KYJIbTYp.
ITpe-
I1My~ec
T
Bo
aToro
BI1,n;a
OprUHI1
'l
eCKOrO
y,n;06pe-
HI1J'1
He
TOJIbKO
B
ero
BbICOKOii
aqlqleKTHBHOCTH,
HO
11
B
n
OCJIe,n;YIO~eM
,n;eHCTBI1I1.
Hu
npaBI1JIbHO
3anpaBJIeHHbIX
HUB030M
nOJIJiX
B03paCTueT
ypo-
.lKaHHOC
Tb
KYJIbTypb
I , n o,n;
KOTOpyIO
OH
BHOCHJI
-
CR,
11
e~e
,n;BYX
-
Tpex
nOCJIe,ll;YIO~HX
.
UeHHocTb
HUB03U
B
CI1CTeMe
Y,lI;06peHI1fi
31lK.fIIO'lUeTCR
B
TOM,
'ITO
BMeC
Te C
HI1M
06PllTHO
B03Bpll~aIOTCJ'I
B
nO'lBY
aJIeMeHTbl
nI1TUHHJi,
pllHee
BblHeceHHble
ypO.IKaeM
.
l1x
KOJII1'leCTBO
MO.IKeT
,n;OCTl1raTb
,n;o
50%
-
U30TU,
40%
-
OKI1CI1
qlOCqlOpU,
60%
-
OKI1CI1
KUJII1Ji
11,
KpOMe
Toro,
B03Bpu~ueTCR
npaKTI1'leCKI1
BeCb
Hu60p
MHKpOaJIeMeHTOB
. C
y
BHeCeHl1eM
HUB03U
YBeJlH'lHBaeTCJ'I
'll1CJIeHHOCTb
BI
H
UKTI1BH3I1p
y
eTcR
,n;eRTeJIbHOCTb
nOJle3HbIX
IT
MIIKpoopraHH3
MOB
,
'lepBeII
11
,lI;py
r
Hx
.lKHBblX
rl
cy
~
eCTB
.
CI1CTeMUTI1'leCKOe
BHeceHue
HUB03U
B
AI
OnTHMaJIbHblX
,lI;
03UX
cnoc06cTByeT
6b
I
CTPOMY
3
pOCTy
co,n;ep.IKUHH
R
rYMyca,
YJIY'l
Ul
eHI1IO
qnI3H-
AI
KO-XI1MI1'leCKI1X,
qlI13H'leCKI1X
11
,lI;py
r
l1x
CBOHCTB
M
nO'lBbI,
'ITO
CKa3
bI B
aeTCR
HU
yp0.IKUHHOC
TH
BI
KYJIbTYp.
HanpI1Mep,
nOC
T
ORHHoe
npl1Me
H
eHI1e
Cl
Op
r
UHI1
'l
eCKHX
y,n;06peHHH
II
OITX
KHl1MCXa
p
"KOJIOC"
n03BOJIJ'leT
YC
T
OHLIHBO
n
O.fIY'laTb
ypO·
p;
)K
.
UH
3epHa
03I1MOH
n
ru
eHI11.1;bI
60JIee
60
1.I;/ru
. B
H
lI,eJIOM
no
KpUIO
BI1,n;HU
3UBI1CI1MOCTb
ypOBHR
61
YPO)KUiIHOCTI1
OT
BHeCeHI1R
OpraHHT
l
eCKI1X
Y,lI;06-
IT
peHI1H
(Ta6JI
.
110).
PUC'leTbl
POCCI1HCKOH
UKa,n;eMHI1
CeJIbCKOXO-
H.
3RHCTBeHHbIX
HaYK
n
OKa3bIBUIOT,
'ITO
6e3,l1;e(1JI1-
AI
lI,I1THbIH
6aJIanc
r
YM
y
ca
B
nO'-IBax
CeBepHoro
11,
KaDl<a3a
B03MO.IKeH
n
pH
BHeceUHH
12,7
T
HU
K
reKTap
OprUHU'leCKHX
Y,lI;06peHI1H.
IToc.fIe,n;yIO-
H
~He
I1CCJIe,n;OBUHI1R
HUY'lHb
I X
Y'lpe)K,lI;eHI1H
Kp
U
J'I
::
r
B
,lI;JIHTeJIbHbIX
nOJIeBb
I X
onbITax
n03BOJIHJII1
STY
0
BeJII1'lHHY
,n;HqlCIJepe
HlI,
I1poBaTb
no
nO'lBeHHO-
KJII1MaTI1'leCKI1M
30HaM
.
111
M
110.
Yp0:lKo.i1:HOCTh
03I1MOH
nmeHHl.\hI
H
npnMe-
A
HeRRe
oprUHlflleCKHX
y,n;o6peHHH
B
Kpo.CHO,no.p
-
M
CKOM
Kpae
(cpe,nHee
30.
Tpn
ro,no.)*
BHe
c
eHO
opra-
Pai10H
HH'leCKHX
y,n;o6-
peHHl1,
T /
ra
,[(IlHCKO{1
6,6
KopeHoBcKII}"1
6,2
KyprUHIIHcKI1{I
6,2
I1PUMOPCKO-
4,9
AXTapCKI1:H
BblCeJlKOBCKl1ii
4,8
ql
Ypomui1.HocTb,
IT
u /
rn
B
H
41,8
40,2
~
Ii
39,8
~
33,4
E
31,8
*
,[(JlJl
06'beKTI1:BHOCTH
cprumeHHR
B3RTb
!
P0l10Hbl
ueHTpaJTbHOii
30Hb
l
KpUR.
TaK,
Ha
Tl1llI1'lHbIX
11
Bb
I
~eJIO'leHHbIX
'lep·
H03eMUX
1.I;
eHTpUJIbHOH
30HbI
He06xo,ll;HMO
BHO-
CHTb
9-
13
T
HU
reKTUp
HUB03U
B
CO'leTUHHH
co
175-225
Kr
HU
reKTUp
N
PK,
B
3UCYUlJII1BOH
30-
He
HU
06bIKHOBeHHb
I X
'lep
H
03eMUX
8-10
T
opru-
HI1'leCKI1X
y,n;06peHI1H
co
150-175
Kr
N
PK
(MUJIIOra
H.f.,
1988).
8TH
BeJII1
'l
HHb
I
nOJIY'leHbl
B
3epHonponu
ru
Hb
l x
ceBo060pOTUX.
IIpI1
H3MeHe-
Hl1H
CTpYKTYPhI
noce
BH
bIX
nJIO~a,n;eH
HJIH
,n;py-
rHX
YCJIOBI1ii
,n;uHHble
BeJII1LIHHbI
6y,n;YT
HHbIMH
H
MorYT
6bITb
nOJIY'leHbI
pUCl.
l
eTHbIM
nYTeM
.
MHororpaIIHocTb
nOJIO.IKI1TeJIbHOrO
,n;eiI-
CTBI1J'1
HUB03a'
HU
nO'lBeHHOe
nJIo,n;opo,n;He
CTUBHT
ero
Ha
nepBoe
MeCTO
B ,n;eJIe
coxpUHeHHJ'I
11
no-
BbIUleHI1J'1
np0I13Bo,n;I1TeJIbHOCTl1
3eMeJIb.
TaK,
nporpllMMOH
nOBbIUleHHJ'I
nJIo,n;opO,ll;HR
n
O'lB
KPUCHO,n;upcKoro
KpUR
Ha
1995-2000
rr
.
npeA-
1G8
YCMa
T
pMBueTCR
MUKCMMUJIbHOe
HUKOnJIeHMe
HU
-
b
B03U
KpynHo
r o
porUToro
CKOTU,
CBMHei
'r
,
OBe
u;
,
rr
TMqberO
n
OMe
T a .
Ero
3urOToBKH
MorYT
~OCTH
r
aTb
24
MJIH
T B
ro~
rrpH
nOTpe6HocTu
~JIR
6e3-
~e
q
)H
U;
MTHO
r
o
6UJIa
H
CU
rYMYCU
B
u;eJIOM
ITO
Kp
U10
32-34
MJIH
T
rr
pu
BHeceHUU
8 T
HU
reKTap.
He-
~
OCTa1O~ee
KOJIH'leCTBO
KOMneHcupyeTcR
COJIO-
MOH
KOJIOCOBb
I X
KYJIbTYP,
HeTpU~UU;UOHHb
I
MU
B
U~UMU
KOM
rr
OCTOB.
He~ocTuTOK
B
Op
r
UHUtIe-
CKUX
y~06peHHax
ucnbITb
l
Ba10T
B
nepBY10
O
'l
e-
pe~b
3e
p
HOC
1O
~ue
pai'rOHbI
ceBepHOH
U
u;eHT-
P
UJIbHOH
30H
.
l-l36bITOK
- B
pucoce1O~UX
paHO-
H
UX,
HMe1O
~
HX
pa3BHTOe
mUBOTHOBO
~
C
T
BO
U
60JIbIllY1O
~OJI1O
M I
WrOJIeTHHX
TpaB
B
CTpYKType
no
ceBHb
I X
rr JI
o~~eH:.
IIpHMeHeHue
HaB03a
B
KaqeCTBe
BOCCTaHa-
BJIUBU1O~ero H
coxpaHR1O~ero
rrOqBeHHOe
n JIO-
~opO~He
cpe~cTBu
Huu60JIee
SKO
.
TIOrHqeCKU
pa-
U;
U O
HaJIbHo.
Ho
ero
UC
rr
OJIb30BUHue
~OJImHO
KOHKpe
T
H3H
p
OBU
T
bCR
B
3UBHCHM
O
CTl1
OT
oc06eH-
Ho
c T
eH
nOqB,
Hu60pu
KYJIbTYP
ceBo060pOTU,
UrpOKJIHMaTHqeCKHX
YCJIOBuii,
TeXHHqeCKOrO
o
CHu~e
H
Ma
H
~pyrMx
B03MomHOCTeri
X03aHCTB
U.
He
rrp
UBMJIbHO
XpUHa~I1HCa
H
HeCBoeBpe
-
MeHHO
BHeceHHbIH
U
3U~eJIUHHbIlI
B
rr
OqBY
HUB03
MomeT
C
TUTb
PU3pYIllHTeJIeM
OK
p
YJKU1O~eH
cpe
-
~b
r:
rU3006pU3Hble
Bb
I
~eJIeHHa
3urpa3HaIOT
aT-
Mocq)epy,
rronaBIllHe
B
Bo~oeMbI
H
peKU
JKI!~Kae
q)p
aK
U;
HH
H3
JIU
r
YH-HUKO
n H T
eJIel
I
OTPUBJIfl1OT
npeCHY10
BO~Y,
nO~3eMHble
BO~bI
TUKme
OKU3bl-
B
aIOTCR
HC
rr
Op
qe
H
HbIMH.
BbICOKHe
~03bl
BHece
H -
Horo
HUB03U
BbI3hIBUIOT
rrOJIerUHl1e
3epHOBhIX
KYJIhTYp.
3KOHOMHa
HU
TpaHcrropTHbIX
pUCXO~UX
rr
pHBO~HT
K
rre
p
ey~06peHHOCTH
nOJIell,
KOTophle
oKpyma1OT
q)epMbI
H
OTKOPMO'lHhle
KOM
rr
JIeKCbI.
BHeceHHhle
He
rro~
HymHYIO
KYJIbTYPY
B
ceBO-
060pO
Te
Op
r
UHHtIeCKHe
y~06peHHfI
MorYT
He
~UTh
OJKH~UeMOro
sq)q)eK
Ta .
HurrpHMep,
nO~COJIHe<I
H l1K B
u;
eHTpUJIbHOH
30He
JIyqIlle
peurHpyeT
HU
rrocJIe~e
ii
cTBHe
HUB03U
B c
pUBHeHHH
C
rrpflMbIM
e r o
~e
H
CTBHe
M
.
HUB03,
HMe1O
~
HlI
60JIhIllIIe
3U
-
rrUCbI
ceMflH
COPHRKOB,
JIY'lIlle
BHOCHTb
rro~
KYJIbTYPY,
r
~e
HX
JIer<Ie
B
rr
OCJIe~CTBHu
YHII'lTO-
mUTh.
ECJIH
TeXHH~IeCKoe
OCHa~eHHe
He
n03BO-
JIaeT
BbIB03H
Th
HU
rrOJIa
mU~KHH
HUB03
,
TO
II,e-
JIeC006pa3HO
ero
HCrrOJIh30BUTb
~JIa
n
pUrOTOBJIe-
HHa
K O
MrrOC
TO
B .
IIpH
He~OCTUTKe
OpraHHqeCKHX
y~06p
Hal
i
HX
B
rr
epBYIO
O<Iepe~h
HymHo
BHOCUTh
HU
CUJIbHO
~e(PJlI1
pO
BUHHbIX
nOqBUX
. B
ceBo06opOTUX
CHU-
'l
UJIU
3U
n
pUBJIflIOTCa
nupOBble
nOJIfI,
n
o~
uxup-
Hy10
C
BeKJIY,
KYKYPY3Y
H
03HMY1O
nIlleHUU;Y
rr
OCJIe
PU
HHUX
n
pe~IlleCTBeHHHKOB.
B
paHOHUX,
r~e
HeT
B03MomHOCTH
3u
rO
TOBUTh
H
BHeCTH
op-
raHH
q
eCKUe
y~o6peHHfI
B
KOJIH<IeCTBe
, 0
6ecne
'l
u -
BU1O
~
eM
6e3~e
(
pH
U;
UTHhli"r
6UJIUHC
rYMYCU,
npek
YCMaTpHBue
T
ca
pUC
Ill
upeHue
noceBHhlX
rrJIO~U
4.6. n
YTvt
PAUvtOHAJlbHorO
vtC
n
Onb30BAHvt~
3EME
n b
~ei!
MHOrDJIeTHUX
606oBhIX
TpaB
.
CJIOmHBIllaficR
rr
paKTuKa
rrOKU3bIBueT,
'ITO
B
palfOHux
C
~OJIell
MHOrOJIeTHHX
TpaB
B
CTpYKType
rroceBHhlX
nJIO-
~a~eH
19
-22%.
~OCTUTOtIHO
HaKanJlI1BUeTCfI
op_
·
raHUqeCKHX
y~o6pe H
HH,
a
~o
16%. -
OpraHHtIe-
CKHX
y~o6peHuH
aBBO
He~OCTaeT
.
IIo3TOMY
rrpo-
r p
llMMoi.i
rrOBbIIlleHua
[IJIO~OpO~Ha
nO'lB
B
Kpue
npe~YCMIlTpHBaeTCfI
YBeJIHqHTb
K
2000
1'.
rrJIO-
ru;U~H
no~
TpUBaMH
C
550
~o
700
TbIC.
ra.
Y
CTaHOBJIeHO
,
'ITO
rr
pH
B03~e.lfhIBaHlnI
JI1O-
u;epHbI
Ha
l.IepH03eMUX
Ky6uHII
HaKUnJIHBUeTCff
9-10
T
HU
reK
T
upe
OP
f'
UHHl.leCKO
f'
O
Be~eCTBU,
'-lTO
B
2-3
PU31l
60JIbIlle,
'leM
rrOCJIe
~pyrHx
KYJIhTYP
ceBoo6opOTU
.
YBeJIKqHBaeTCa
B
nO'lBe
co~epmu
HKe
6UOJIOf'U<IeCKO
r O
a30TU
HU
150-200
K r
Ha
reKTllpe.
Co~ep)f{UHHe
rYMyca
B
nO<IBe
nOCJIe
~BYXJIeTHerO
B03~eJIhIBUHUff
JI
10
II,epH
hI
YBeJIU<IU-
BueTCR
HIl
8-10
OTHOCUTeJIbHhIX
rrpOII,eHTOB.
IIo-
JIOJKHTeJIhHOe
~el
l
cTBHe
JIIOII,epHbI
HU
nOqBY
rrpo-
ffBJIReTCR
4-5
JIeT
. B
3UCYIlIJIHBbIX
paHoHux
Kpua
peKoMeH~yeTCfI
B03~eJIbIBUTb
scnupu;eT,
r~e
ero
BJIHRHHe
HU
rr
OqBY
He
YCTy
n
ueT
JIIOII,epHe
. .
B
CTpYKType
ceBo060pOTOB
B
cpe~HeM
rro
Kpll10
6060Bble
TpUBbI
peKoMeH~yeTcff
~OBeCTH
~o
17
% , a B
OT~eJIbHbIX
30Hax,
CneU;HUJIH3UPOBUH
-
HbIX
ceBoo6opOTUX
-
~o
25-34
%..
TIo
.
TIOmU
T
JIbHOe
~eHcTBHe
Ha
qJI
1
3HqeCK1-1e
CBOllCTBU
rrOqBbI,
rrOnOJIHeIU1e
B
Hell
.,u
rr
UCOB
op-
rUHIIqe
Koro
Be~ecTBu
OKU3bIBIleT
BblPUru;HBUHHe
CH~epUJIbHbIX
KYJIbTYP
B
npOMe.iKYTOqHbIX
rroce
-
BUX.
Oco6eHHO
STO
BamHO
HU
SpO~MpOBUHHb
I
X
rrO
qBIlX
B
30He
~OCTUTOqHOrO
YBJIaJK
H
eHHR,
Ha
o p
OIllueMb
I X
3eMJIaX
~JIa
YJIyqIlleHHfI
MX
qJH3H-
<IecKUX
CBOHC
T
B,
31lW;MTbI
OT
CMb
I
BU
1-1
BbI~YBa
IUffi
.
PeKoMeH~yeTca
BbIceBUTb
03HMbrii
pu
rr
c ,
flpoBori
U
3HMY1OIl.\ui.'f
ropox,
3JIaKOBble
TpUBbI
B
l.IHCTOM
Bu~e
n B
CMecIl
C
606oBbIMH.
Ka.iK~bIH
reKTUp
rrpOMemYTO'-lHOrO
noceBU
o60ruw;ueT
no'l-
BY
B
rrepeC'-leTe
Ha
BUB03
rrpn
o
pO
IlleHHIl
HU
1,5
-
3,0
II
6e3
opOIIIeHHR
0,8
-
1,5
T.
IIJIo~u~u
noce
-
BU
rrO.iKHHBHbIX
KYJIbTYP
peKoMe
H
~yeTcR
YBeJIH
-
<IHBUTb
B
6JIUrOnpHflTHble
rro
rrorO~HbIM
YCJIOBM-
ffM
rO~b
I.
K
1995
r.
B
Kpae
rrpe~YCMUTpHBue
T
ca
HMeTb
B
cpe~HeM
~o
250
Tb
I C.
ru
TUKUX
rroceBOB,
B
TOM
'lMCJIe
SU
opOIllueMbIX
3eMJIaX
-
~o
27.
IIO.iKHHBHble
rroceBb
I -
3TO
He
TOJIbKO
~OrrOJIHM
TeJIbHUa
npO~KII,Ha
,
HO
H
pe3epB
rrOBhlIIIeHMa
rrJIO.D;OpO~H.H
nOtIB
,
cpe~CTBO
3UW;HTbI
OT
Sp03HH.
PU
U;
HOHUJIbHOe
HCnOJIb30BUHHe
rr
O<IB T
pe
-
6yeT
CHCTeMIlTlIqeCKOrO
y q
eTa
nUTUTeJIbHb
I X
Be
-
~eCTB,
OTqYJK~UeMb
I
X
U3
Hee
B
rrpou;ecce
CeJIb-
CKOX03RHCTBeHHoro
npOH3BO~CTBU,
n
pU3MepOB
UX
KOMrreRCUIJ;nH
B
OCHOBHOM
3U
CqeT
BRece
H
HR
MIIHepUJIbHbIX
II
OprUHU<IeCKIIX
y~06peRHH
.
OT
-
t.lyJK~eHI!e
nUTUTeJIbHbIX
Be
~
eCTB
CKJIU~bIBUe
T
ca
H3
BhIHOCU
UX
ypomueM,
nOTepaMH
npn
npoaB
-
JIeHI
IlI
SP03HOHHbIX
npon,e
C
COB,
rU3006pU3HhIMU
169