Walker S. Sustainable by Design: Explorations in Theory and Practice
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Sustainable by Design
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To Helen
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Sustainable by Design
Explorations in Theory and Practice
Stuart Walker
London • Sterling, VA
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First published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2006
Copyright © Stuart Walker, 2006
All rights reserved
ISBN 13:
9-781-84407-305-4 paperback
ISBN 10: 1-84407-353-X paperback
ISBN 13:
9-781-84407-354-2 hardback
ISBN 10: 1-84407-354-8 hardback
Typesetting by Safehouse Creative
Printed and bound by Gutenberg Press Ltd, Malta
Cover design by Giles Smith
F
or a full list of publications please contact:
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Earthscan is an imprint of James and James (Science Publishers) Ltd and
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging
-in-Publication Data
Walker, Stuart, 1955–
Sustainable by design : explorations in theory and practice / Stuart
Walker.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 13: 9-781-84407-305-4 (pbk.)
ISBN 10: 1-84407-353-X (pbk.)
ISBN 13: 9-781-84407-354-2 (hardback)
ISBN 10: 1-84407-354-8 (hardback)
1. Green products. 2. New Products. I. Title.
TS170.5.W45 2006
658.5’75–dc22
2006003749
Printed on elemental chlorine-free paper
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Figures and Tables vii
Acknowledgements x
Acronyms and Abbreviations
xi
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 RETHINKING MATERIAL CULTURE
the cage of aesthetic convention 7
3 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN CONTEXT
the evolution of a contemporary myth 15
4 DESIGN PROCESS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
a journey in design 29
5 ENDURING ARTEFACTS AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS
object lessons 39
6 REASSESSING ‘GOOD’ DESIGN
objects as symbols of beauty 53
CONTENTS
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VI
7 DESIGN, SUSTAINABILITY AND THE HUMAN SPIRIT
how the other half lives 61
8 FASHION AND SUSTAINABILITY
the attraction of opposites 71
9 THE APPLICATION OF THEORY
experiments in sustainable product design 79
10 TACIT KNOWLEDGE IN DESIGN
visual myths 99
11 REFRAMING DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY
unmasking the object 113
12 TIME AND DESIGN
crushed before the moth 139
13 CREATING OBJECTS IN A SATURATED CULTURE
after the endgame 149
14 EPHEMERAL OBJECTS FOR SUSTAINABILITY
light touch 167
15 INTELLECTUAL AND AESTHETIC UNDERSTANDINGS
OF DESIGN
the considered gaze 185
16 EPILOGUE 201
Notes
205
Bibliography 227
Index 235
Sustainable by Design
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Figures
9.1 Arc Light: Bamboo canes, wire, water pipe, corks,
concrete, tin can, standard electrical parts 82
9.2 Lather Lamp: Soap bottle, wire rod, concrete,
standard electrical parts 83
9.3 Wire Light: Wire rod, concrete, standard electrical
parts 83
9.4 Kind-of-Blue Chair: Reused wood, screws, nails, glue,
acrylic paint 84
9.5 Low Chair: Reused wood, screws, nails, glue 86
9.6 Square Chair: Reused wood, screws, nails, glue,
acrylic paint 86
9.7 Cable Radio: Reused electrical parts, steel rod, chipboard,
water pipe 88
9.8 Cable Radio detail 88
9.9 Plaine Telephone: Reused electrical parts, plywood, reused
rubber, dowels, mild steel wire, tin lid, acrylic paint 90
FIGURES
AND TABLES
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VIIIVIII
Sustainable by Design
9.10 Wall Phone: Reused electrical parts, plywood, cork, brass
hook, dowel, acrylic paint 91
9.11 Solar Calculator: Reused electrical parts, recovered
mahogany, cardboard, paper 92
9.12 Lumière Floor Lamp: Threaded rod, recovered ash wood,
handmade paper, steel rod, pebble, standard
electrical parts 94
9.13 G-Clamp Nutcracker: G-clamp, concrete 95
9.14 Remora Box: Recovered wood, hinges, threaded rods 97
10.1 Crystal Radio: Newspaper Article 107
10.2 Cable Radio: Family Memorabilia 108
10.3 Boy’s Own Radio: Children’s Annual 109
10.4 Kind-of-Blue Chair: From a Cabin Wall 110
10.5 Hermit Radio: Recipe 111
10.6 Tin Radio: Resistance 112
11.1 Local designs 1: Purses fashioned from the ring-pulls of
drink cans, market stall, la Rochelle, France 123
11.2 Local designs 2: Small metal suitcase made from
misprinted food can stock, metal workers market,
Nairobi, Kenya 124
11.3 Divested Design 1: Ad hoc torch 131
11.4 Divested Design 2: Ad hoc remotely operated doorbell 132
11.5 Minimalized Design: Remotely operated doorbell, uses only
functional parts 133
11.6 Ensemble Design: Ad hoc CD player/radio
13.1 Roadside advertising signs, Canada 150
13.2 Explorations of enclosure and exposure in electronic
products 152
13.3 Board Radio: Unadorned, exposed circuitry mounted
on a board 155
13.4 (a) Circuitry and enclosure; (b) Circuitry and façade 157
13.5 Product permutations as a function of design variables 158
13.6 Reversal of convention: From façade to chassis 161
13.7 Three White Canvas Clocks: Analogue, digital and digital
powered by fruit ‘battery’ 163
13.8 Three White Canvas Clocks with ‘batteries’ of lime,
tomato and orange 163
13.9 White Canvas Clock with tomato ‘battery’ 164
13.10 AM Radio, 340mm × 1620mm 165
134–135
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IX
14.1 Potato Candlestick: Potato and three table forks 174
14.2 Apple Candlestick: Apple and three fondue forks 175
14.3 White Canvas AM/FM Radio: Artist’s canvas, recovered
circuitry, zip-lock bags, sweet tin, adhesive tape 176
14.4 (a) CD Player/Radio: Recovered circuitry, reused paper
products, twine, mosquito netting, three new chairs;
(b) CD Player detail 178
14.5 (a) Bottle Lamps: Standard electrical parts, low-energy
compact fluorescent lamps, reused soap bottles, modified
wooden shelf; 179
(b) Bottle Lamps detail: Lamps off and on 180
14.6 Hanging Lamps: Standard electrical parts, low-energy
compact fluorescent lamps, tent fabric, climbing cord,
cord spring clips 182
14.7 Off-the-Shelf Clock: LCD, cup and saucer, eggcup,
fork, bulldog clip, reused envelope, crocodile clip, wire,
wooden shelf 183
Tables
4.1 Reframing design: A comparison of key characteristics 38
11.1 An aesthetic typology for contemporary, unsustainable
products 117
12.1 Factors contributing to product obsolescence 140
13.1 Conventional and converse understandings of the
subordinate components of a product 161
15.1 A rhetoric of functional object arrangement: A modified
version of Koren’s ‘Rhetoric of Object Placement’ 193
List of Figures and Tables
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