Anker Susan. Real Essays with Readings with 2009 MLA Update
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Real Essays
with Readings
Writing Projects for College, Work,
and Everyday Life
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Real Essays
with Readings
Writing Projects for College, Work,
and Everyday Life
Susan Anker
Bedford / St. Martin’s
Boston
◆
New York
THIRD EDITION
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For Bedford/St. Martin’s
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Copyright © 2009 by Bedford/St. Martin’s
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ISBN-10: 0–312–60755–5 ISBN-13: 978–0–312–60755–5 (Student Edition)
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Acknowledgments
Dave Barry. “The Ugly Truth about Beauty.” Originally titled “Beauty and the Beast.” From
the Miami Herald, February 1, 1998. Copyright © 1998 Dave Barry. Reprinted by permission
of the author.
Acknowledgments and copyrights are continued at the back of the book on pages A-20–A-22, which
constitute an extension of the copyright page. It is a violation of the law to reproduce these selections by
any means whatsoever without the written permission of the copyright holder.
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Brief Contents
Preface for Instructors xxi
WRITING ESSAYS
Part One How to Read and Write in College
1
1 Succeeding in College: What You Need to Know 3
2 Reading and Writing in College and Beyond: What You Need to Know 22
3 Writing Basics: Audience, Purpose, and Process 45
4 Finding and Exploring Your Topic: Choosing Something to Write About 62
5 Making a Point: Writing Your Thesis Statement 74
6 Supporting Your Point: Finding Details, Examples, and Facts 88
7 Making a Plan: Arranging Your Ideas 100
8 Writing a Draft: Putting Your Ideas Together 110
9 Revising Your Draft: Improving Your Essay 125
Part Two Writing Different Kinds of Essays 145
10 Narration: Writing That Tells Stories 147
11 Illustration: Writing That Shows Examples 167
12 Description: Writing That Creates Pictures in Words 185
13 Process Analysis: Writing That Explains How Things Happen 202
14 Classifi cation: Writing That Puts Things into Groups 218
15 Defi nition: Writing That Tells What Something Means 236
16 Comparison and Contrast: Writing That Shows Similarities and Differences 252
17 Cause and Effect: Writing That Explains Reasons or Results 272
18 Argument: Writing That Persuades 290
Part Three Special College Writing Projects 317
19 Writing under Pressure: Tests and Essay Exams 319
20 Writing Summaries and Reports: Important College Writing Tasks 334
21 Writing the Research Essay: Using Outside Sources 346
EDITING ESSAYS
Part Four The Four Most Serious Errors
383
22 The Basic Sentence: An Overview 385
23 Fragments: Incomplete Sentences 401
24 Run-Ons: Two Sentences Joined Incorrectly 418
25 Problems with Subject-Verb Agreement: When Subjects and Verbs Don’t
Match 434
26 Verb Problems: Avoiding Mistakes in Verb Tense 452
v
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Part Five Other Grammar Concerns 493
27 Pronouns: Using Substitutes for Nouns 495
28 Adjectives and Adverbs: Describing Which One? or How? 517
29 Misplaced and Dangling Modifi ers: Avoiding Confusing Descriptions 531
30 Coordination and Subordination: Joining Ideas 539
31 Parallelism: Balancing Ideas 553
32 Sentence Variety: Putting Rhythm in Your Writing 563
33 Formal English and ESL: Grammar Trouble Spots for Multilingual Students 582
Part Six Word Use 631
34 Word Choice: Avoiding Language Pitfalls 633
35 Commonly Confused Words: Avoiding Mistakes with Sound-Alikes 647
36 Spelling: Using the Right Letters 660
Part Seven Punctuation and Capitalization 671
37 Commas , 673
38 Apostrophes
’
688
39 Quotation Marks
“ ”
696
40 Other Punctuation ; : ( ) — - 705
41 Capitalization: Using Capital Letters 712
Editing Review Tests 723
READINGS
Part Eight Readings for Writers
741
42 Introduction to the Readings 743
43 Narration 745
44 Illustration 755
45 Description 766
46 Process Analysis 776
47 Classifi cation 788
48 Defi nition 805
49 Comparison and Contrast 817
50 Cause and Effect 829
51 Argument Casebook: Assisted Suicide 841
Appendix: Problem Solving in Writing 867
Answers to Odd-Numbered Editing Exercises A-1
Index I-1
Correction Symbols
vi
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Contents
Preface for Instructors xxi
WRITING ESSAYS
Part One: How to Read and
Write in College
1
1. Succeeding in College: What You
Need to Know 3
Advice from Those Who’ve Been There 4
Writing 4
Reading and Thinking 6
Teacher Expectations 7
A Few Other Things 9
Four Strategies for Success 10
Identify Your Goals 10
Writing Goals 10
Degree Goals 11
Manage Your Time 12
Make a Course Calendar 12
Make a General Calendar 13
Use All Resources 14
Find Your Learning Style 14
Learning Style Questionnaire 15
Use Your Learning Style in College 17
2. Reading and Writing in College and
Beyond: What You Need to Know 22
How to Read in College 22
Preview the Reading 23
Read the Title, Headnote, and Introductory
Paragraphs Quickly 23
Read Headings, Key Words, and
Defi nitions 23
Look for Summaries, Checklists, and Chapter
Reviews 24
Read the Conclusion Quickly 24
Ask a Guiding Question 24
Find the Main Point and the Support 24
Main Point 24
Support 26
Take Notes 27
Review and Respond 27
An Active Reader at Work 28
Reading College Textbooks 29
Finding Information 29
Table of Contents 29
Index 30
Chart of Correction Symbols 30
Headings at the Tops of Pages 30
Marginal Notes 30
Reading Textbook Chapters 31
At the Beginning of a Chapter 31
Throughout the Chapter 32
End of Chapter 33
Reading Course Syllabi 34
Moving from Reading to Writing 36
Key College Skills: Summary, Analysis,
Synthesis, and Evaluation 36
Summary 37
Analysis 38
Synthesis 38
Evaluation 40
Documenting Sources 42
Reading and Writing beyond College 42
vii
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viii Contents
3. Writing Basics: Audience, Purpose,
and Process 45
Understand Audience and Purpose 46
Audience 46
Purpose 47
Understand Paragraph and Essay Forms 48
Paragraph Structure 48
Essay Structure 49
Understand the Writing Process 51
How to Analyze a Writing Assignment 53
Grading Criteria 54
Sample Student Essays 56
How to Create a Writing Portfolio 60
4. Finding and Exploring Your
Topic: Choosing Something to Write
About 62
Understand What a Good Topic Is 62
Narrow Your Topic 63
Ask Yourself Questions 63
Map Your Ideas 65
List Narrower Topics 66
Explore Your Topic 68
Use Prewriting Techniques 68
Freewrite 69
List/Brainstorm 69
Ask a Reporter’s Questions 69
Discuss 70
Cluster/Map 70
Use the Internet 71
Keep a Journal 72
5. Making a Point: Writing Your
Thesis Statement 74
Understand What a Good Thesis
Statement Is 74
Practice Developing a Good Thesis
Statement 75
Write a Thesis That Focuses on a Single
Main Point 75
Write a Thesis That Is Neither Too Broad
Nor Too Narrow 77
Write a Thesis That Is Specifi c 78
Write a Thesis That You Can Show,
Explain, or Prove 78
Write a Thesis That Is Forceful and
Confi dent 79
Write Your Own Thesis Statement 84
6. Supporting Your Point: Finding
Details, Examples, and Facts 88
Understand What Support for a
Thesis Is 88
Practice Supporting a Thesis Statement 89
Prewrite to Find Support 89
Drop Unrelated Ideas 90
Select the Best Support Points 92
Add Supporting Details 93
Write Topic Sentences for Your Support
Points 95
Write Your Own Support 96
7. Making a Plan: Arranging Your
Ideas 100
Understand Ways of Ordering Ideas 100
Chronological Order 100
Spatial Order 101
Order of Importance 101
Practice Making a Plan 102
Write Your Own Plan 107
8. Writing a Draft: Putting Your Ideas
Together 110
Understand What a Draft Is 110
Practice Writing a Draft 110
Draft the Body of the Essay 111
Write an Introduction 112
Start with a Surprising Fact or Idea 112
Open with a Quotation 112
Give an Example or Tell a Story 113
Offer a Strong Opinion 113
Ask a Question 113
Write a Conclusion 116
Title Your Essay 120
Write Your Own Draft 121
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Contents ix
9. Revising Your Draft: Improving Your
Essay 125
Understand What Revision Is 125
Understand What Peer Review Is 126
Practice Revising for Unity 127
Practice Revising for Support and Detail 132
Practice Revising for Coherence 135
Revise Your Own Essay 140
Part Two: Writing Different
Kinds of Essays 145
10. Narration: Writing That
Tells Stories 147
Understand What Narration Is 147
Main Point in Narration 149
Support in Narration 149
Organization in Narration 152
Read and Analyze Narration 152
Narration in College 152
Narration at Work 155
PROFILE OF SUCCESS: Monique
Rizer, Journalist and Development
Associate 155
Narration in Everyday Life 157
Critical Reading and Writing: Key College
Skills 160
Write a Narration Essay 161
WRITING GUIDE: Narration 164
11. Illustration: Writing That Shows
Examples 167
Understand What Illustration Is 167
Main Point in Illustration 168
Support in Illustration 169
Organization in Illustration 170
Read and Analyze Illustration 170
Illustration in College 170
Illustration at Work 173
PROFILE OF SUCCESS: Juan Gonzalez, Vice
President of Student Affairs, University of
Texas, Austin 173
Illustration in Everyday Life 177
Critical Reading and Writing: Key College
Skills 179
Write an Illustration Essay 179
WRITING GUIDE: Illustration 183
12. Description: Writing That Creates
Pictures in Words 185
Understand What Description Is 185
Main Point in Description 186
Support in Description 187
Organization in Description 188
Read and Analyze Description 189
Description in College 189
Description at Work 191
PROFILE OF SUCCESS: Alex Espinoza,
Writer and Assistant Professor 191
Description in Everyday Life 194
Critical Reading and Writing:
Key College Skills 196
Write a Description Essay 196
WRITING GUIDE: Description 199
13. Process Analysis: Writing
That Explains How Things
Happen 202
Understand What Process
Analysis Is 202
Main Point in Process Analysis 203
Support in Process Analysis 204
Organization in Process Analysis 205
Read and Analyze Process Analysis 205
Process Analysis in College 206
Process Analysis at Work 208
PROFILE OF SUCCESS: Patty Maloney,
Clinical Nurse Specialist 208
Process Analysis in Everyday
Life 210
Critical Reading and Writing:
Key College Skills 212
Write a Process Analysis Essay 213
WRITING GUIDE: Process Analysis 216
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x Contents
14. Classifi cation: Writing That Puts
Things into Groups 218
Understand What Classifi cation Is 218
Main Point in Classifi cation 220
Support in Classifi cation 222
Organization in Classifi cation 222
Read and Analyze Classifi cation 223
Classifi cation in College 224
Classifi cation at Work 225
PROFILE OF SUCCESS: Giovanni Bohorquez,
Chief Executive Offi cer, Algrita, Inc. 225
Classifi cation in Everyday Life 228
Critical Reading and Writing: Key College
Skills 229
Write a Classifi cation Essay 230
WRITING GUIDE: Classifi cation 233
15. Defi nition: Writing That Tells What
Something Means 236
Understand What Defi nition Is 236
Main Point in Defi nition 237
Support in Defi nition 238
Organization in Defi nition 239
Read and Analyze Defi nition 240
Defi nition in College 240
Defi nition at Work 242
PROFILE OF SUCCESS: Gary Knoblock,
Business Owner 243
Defi nition in Everyday Life 245
Critical Reading and Writing: Key College
Skills 246
Write a Defi nition Essay 247
WRITING GUIDE: Defi nition 250
16. Comparison and Contrast:
Writing That Shows Similarities and
Differences 252
Understand What Comparison and
Contrast Are 252
Main Point in Comparison and
Contrast 253
Support in Comparison and Contrast 254
Organization in Comparison and
Contrast 255
Read and Analyze Comparison and
Contrast 257
Comparison and Contrast in College 257
Comparison and Contrast at Work 259
PROFILE OF SUCCESS: Garth Vaz,
Physician 260
Comparison and Contrast in Everyday
Life 263
Critical Reading and Writing: Key College
Skills 265
Write a Comparison and Contrast Essay 265
WRITING GUIDE: Comparison and
Contrast 269
17. Cause and Effect: Writing That
Explains Reasons or Results 272
Understand What Cause and Effect Are 272
Main Point in Cause and Effect 274
Support in Cause and Effect 274
Organization in Cause and Effect 275
Read and Analyze Cause and Effect 276
Cause and Effect in College 276
Cause and Effect at Work 278
PROFILE OF SUCCESS: Jolanda Jones,
Attorney, Houston City Councilor, and
Consultant 279
Cause and Effect in Everyday Life 282
Critical Reading and Writing: Key College
Skills 284
Write a Cause and Effect Essay 285
WRITING GUIDE: Cause and Effect 288
18. Argument: Writing That
Persuades 290
Understand What Argument Is 290
Main Point in Argument 292
Support in Argument 294
Organization in Argument 300
Read and Analyze Argument 301
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