Безрученко В.Н., Xотян А.С. Электрические машины

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C HX ycnOBHOro nOJI01KeHHH Ha reoMeTpHqecKOH HeHTpaJIH, TO

6yJJ,YT HMeTb MecTO KaK nOnepeqHaH, TaK H 'IlpoJJ,OJIbHaH peaK-

UHH HKOpH.

B COBpeMeHHhlX THrOBblX 9JleKTpHqecKHX MaWHHax IUeTKH

06h1qHO YCTaHaBJIHBalOT TaK, 'lT06h1 OHH 3aMhlKaJIH ceKUHH

06MOTOK, HaXOJJ.HIUHecHHa JIHHHH reoMeTpHqecKOH HeihpaJIH.

B 3TOM cnyqae JJ,OJI1KHaHMeTb MecTO TOJIbKO nOnepeqHaH peaK-

UHH HKOpSl, KOTOpOH yJJ,eJIHMOCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe.

~.2.

nHHeMHaJi Harpy3Ka

H MAC

JlKOPJI

Ba1KHeHIIIeH xapaKTepHCTHKOH, onpeJJ,eJISlIOIUeH CTeneHb

HCnOJIb30BaHHSI MaTepHaJIOB B MaIIIHHe, ee TOKOByIO 3arpy3Ky,

SlBJIHeTCSI

AUH.eUH.aJl H.OZpy3Ka RKOpJl.

EcnH qHcnO npOBOJJ,HHKOB

HKOpSl

a TOK B Ka}K}J.OM npOBO.llHHKe (B napaJIJIeJIbHOH BeT-

BH) -

TO JIHHeHHaSl Harpy3Ka .

NiSI

--.!i.!.JL-

NISI

(4.1)

2anD

4ap'l:·

BeJIHqHHa

H3MepSleMaSl B aMnepax Ha e.llHHHuy )lJIHHbI

OKpy>KHOCTH SlKOpSl, OrpaHHqHBaeTCSI B nepByIO Oqepe.llb ycno-

BHSlMH HarpeBaHHSI HKOpSl H .llOCTHraeT 3HaqeHHH

(450-;-

-;- 500) .

lQ2

AIM.

Onpe.lleJIHM MC SlKOpSl, CqHTaSl, qTO ero npOBO.llHHKH paB-

HOMepHO pacnpe.lleJIeHbI no OKpy>KHOCTH. Ha pHC.

4.2

H306pa-

>KeHa pa3BepHyTaSl MaIIIH-

Ha Ha .llBOHHOH .llJIHHe no-

JIIOCHOrO.lleJIeHHSI. JIHHnH

nOJISI SlKOPSl pacnoJIo>Ke-

HbI CHMMeTpHqHO OTHOCH-

TeJIbHO Cpe.llHeH TOqKH

Ka}K}J.OHo6JIacTH TOKa Ok

Horo HanpaBJIeHHH. nYCTb

0.llHa H3 TaKHX JIHHHH Ha-

XO.llHTCSIHa paccToHHHH

OT Cpe.llHeH TOqKH, TOr.lla

06pa30BaHHhlH eIO 3aMK-

HyTblH KOHTyP OXBaTbI-

BaeT nOJIHblH TOK

A . 2x

PHe.

4.2.

JIHHHH

H HH,!{yKUHHHKO-

aMnep-npOBO.llHHKOB, H

pH B MalllHHe 6ea A06aBo'lHbIx nOJlIOCOB

MC )lJISI 3TOH JIHHHH

FSlJ&

A . 2x. (4.2)

OTcIOJJ,acne.ltYeT, lITO MC HKOpSl Ha JJ,JJHHenOJIIOCHOrO .lle-

JIeHHH H3MeHSleTCSIJIHHeH:HO(JIHHHSI

1-1

Ha pHC.

4.2).

Ha OCH

nOJIIOCa

FSIJ&

MaKcHMyMa MC HKOpSl .llOCTHraeT

Ha JIHHHH reoMeTpHqecKoH HeHTpaJIH

-r:/2)

H Ha napy no-

JIIOCOB (JJ.Ba 3a30pa): '

FSI'(

A . 2-r:/2

A-r:, (4.3)

a Ha O.llHH nOJIIOC (OJJ,HH3a30p)

-r:AI2. (4.4)

noJJ, KpaeM nOJIIOCHOrOHaKOHeqHHKa M.nC [aH3JIOrHqHO

(4.4)]

FSIb

A/2

a-r:AI2. (4.5)

ECJIH MarHHTHblM conpOTHBJIeHHeM CTaJIH no cpaBHeHHIO

C conpOTHBJIeHHeM B03.llyrnHoro 3a30pa npeHe6pe%, TO JIHHHSI

HH.llYKUHH B npe.lleJIax nOJIIOCHOH .llyrH

BSlJ&

nOBTOpHT JIHHHIO

;

npH COOTBeTCTByIOIUeM BbIoope MacIIITa6a OHH COBna.llYT.

.neHcTBHTeJIbHO, B 3TOM cnyqae

FSlJ&

2xA

u .

2l>J&/f-lo,

r.lle

l>J& -

3HaqeHHe B03.llYllIHoro 3a30pa Ha paccTOSlHHH

OT Cpe.ltHeH TOqKH. OTcIOJJ,a

Slx

f-loxA/l>x, (4.6)

T. e. HH.llYKUHSI nOJIH SlKOPSl B TOqKe C KOOp.llHHaTOH

06paTHo

nponopUHOHaJIbHa B03.llYllIHOMY 3a30py B 3TOH TOqKe. B Me>K-

nOJIIOCHOM npocTpaHcTBe

/2)

Bcne.llCTBHe YBeJIHqeHHSI

)lJIHHbl MarHHTHblX CHJIOBblX JIHHHH B B03.llyxe HH.llYKUHH pe3I<O

yMeHbllIHTcSI, n03ToMY JIHHHSI

npHMeT ce)lJIOO6pa3HYIO <PoPMy.

4.3.

HCKaHCalOlqee

pa3MarHHIIHBalOlqee AeMcTBHe

nonepeliHoM peaK",HH JlKOPJl

Pe3YJIbTHPYIOIUee MarHHTHoe nOJIe npH Harpy3Ke MaIIIHHbI

(CM. pHC.

4.1)

6blJIO nOJIyqeHO HaJIO>KeHHeM nOJIeH SlKOPSl H

nOJIIOCOB. nOCTpOHM Tenepb KPHBYIO HH.llYKUHH peayJIbTHpyIO-

IUero nOJISI• .nJISI 3Toro Ha pHC.

4.3

cnO>KHM 0p.llHHaTbI KpHBbIX

HH.llYKUHH nOJISI nOJIIOCOB

H nOJISI SlKOPSl

PesYJIbTHPYIOlUaSl

KpHBaSl

HMeeT cnO>KHbIH BH.ll H npOXO.llHT qepes HyJIb He Ha

JIHHHH reoMeTpHqeCKOH HeHTpaJIH, a B TOqKaX

onpe.lle-

JIHIOIUHX nOJIO>KeHHe <pH3HqeCKOH HeHTpaJIH. OrpaHHqeHHaSl

9TOH KpHBOH nJIOlUa.llb (T. e. MarHHTHbIH nOTOK) no cpaBHeHHIO

C nJIOlUa.llbIO, OrpaHHqeHHOH KpHBOH

npH 3TOM OCTaeTCSI

s )

PHC.

4.3.

KpHBbIe HH,nyKUHH nOJIeii MeK-

TPHQecKol!: M8WHHbI

PHC.

4.4.

KpHBbIe HH,nyKUHH B

B03AYWHOM s8sope npH XOJIo-

crOM Ko,ne

(1)

H H8rpysKe

(2)

HeH3MeHHoii. ,lleHcTBHTeJIbHO, Be,l(b Ha CKOJIbKO MarHHTHbIH no-

TOK nOJIloca oc.na6JIeH no,l( O,l(HHMKpaeM nOJIIOCHOrOHaKOHeqHH-

Ka (pHC.

4.1, 6),

Ha CTOJIbKO yCHJIeH nO,l(,l(pyrHM. TaK06cTOHT

fteJIO,

eCJIH MarHHTHaSi uenb MaWHHhI HeHaCblIIJ.eHa.

peaJIbHbIX 3JIeKTpHqecKHx MaWHHax OT,l(eJIbHbIe yqaCTKH

MarHHTHOH uenH, OC0geHHO 3y6ubI, CHJIbHO HaCblm.eHbI.

npHBO,l(HT K TOMy,

qTQ

YMeHbweHHe OCHOBHoro MarHHTHoro

nOTOKa no,l( O,l(HHM KpaeM nOJIloca 6y,l(eT OOJIbWe, qeM ero yBe-

JIHqeHHe no,l( ,l(PYfHM: 06m.ee 3HaqeHHe OCHOBHoro MarHHTHoro

nOTOKa YMeHbWaeTCSI. C,yqeroM HaCbIIIJ.eHHSIKpHBaSi HH,l(yKUHH

pesyJIbTHpylOm.ero nOJISI npHHHMaeT BH,l( WTpHXOBOH KpHBOH

3aWTpHxoBaHHbIe nJIorua,l(KH Ha pHC.

4.3

3KBHBaJIeHTHbI nOTepe

OCHOBHoro MarHHTHoro nOTOKa.

TaKHM 06pa30M, MO)KHO rOBOpHTb 0 ,l(BOHHOM,l(eHCTBHH"no-

nepeqHOH peaKUHH SlKOPSl: npH OTCyTCTBHH HaCbIm.eHHSI OHa

BbI~bIBaeT JIHWb

~CKa:JlCeHue 1Cpueoa UHOy1Ct{UU 88a30pe;

B peaJIb-

HOH HaCbIm.eHHOH MaWHHe O,l(HOBpeMeHHO YMeHbWaeTCSI nOTOK

nOJIIOCOB, T. e. HMeeT MecTO H

PaaMQ2HU'lU8(JJ()Wj!e oeacmoue

peaKUHH SlKOpH•

.••.•• HanpJDKeH"e MeHCAY KonneKTopHIoIMH nnaCTHHaMH,

HX lI"cno H AHaMeTp KonneKTopa

HCKa)K8lOm.ee ,l(eHCTBHe nOnepeqHOH peaKUHH SlKOpH-

KpaHHe He>KeJIaTeJIbHOe no CBOHM noc.ne,l(CTBHHM SlBJIeHHe. {)HO

npHBO,l(HT npe>K,l(e Bcero K YBeJIHqeHHIO HanpH)KeHHH Me>K,l(y

CMe)KHhlMH KOJIJIeKTOpHhlMH nJIaCTHHaMH.

PaCCMOTpHM ceKUHIO npOCTOH neTJIeBOH 06MOTKH (pHC.

4.4).

Ec.nH KpHBaSi HH,l(yKUHH

He HCKa2KeHa, TO Ha OOJIbWeH qaCTH

,l(JIHHhI nOJIIOCHoro ,l(eJIeHHSI HanpSl2KeHHe Me>K,l(y n.naCTHHaMH

2Bolgv. (4.7)

TIPH Harpy3Ke, KOr,l(a ceKUHH HaXO,l(HTCH no,l( KpaeM nOJIIO-

ca, r,l(e HH,l(yKUHH ,l(OCTHraeT MaKcHMyMa

Omax

Ha KpHOOH

2),

HanpH)KeHHe Me>K,l(y n.naCTHHaMH YBeJIHqHBaeTCSll

~ max

2Bo

max

lgv. (4.8)

H3 cpaBHeHHH Bhlpa)KeHHA

(4.7)

(4.8)

CJIeAyeT,

qTQ

UKmax/UK

Bomax/Bo.

(4.9)

Ha pHC.

2.2

,l(eHCTBHTeJIbHaSi KpHBaH HH,l(yKUHH

3aMeHeHa

npHMOH

npHqeM nJIorua,l(H, OrpaHHqeHHbIe 3THMH JIHHHSlMH,

paBHOBeJIHKH H COrJIaCHO

(3.21) B

ocp

a.Bo.

n03TOMY cpe,l(Hee

HanpH)KeHHe Me2K,l(y CMe>KHbIMH KOJIJIeKTOpHbIMH nJIaCTHHaMH,

HBJISlIOm.eecSi Ba)KHeHWeH paCqeTHOH BeJIHqHHOH,

UK.CP

2Bo

lgv

2a.Bolgv. '(4.10)

OrHoweHHe

UKmaJUK.cp

Bomax/(a.Bo)

HCK

Ha30BeM

Ma1CCUMa/tbHblM 1Coat/Jt/JUt{ueHTOM UC1Ca:JfCeHUR no/tR.

THrOBbIX MaWHHax npH HeKOTopbIX pe>KHMaX paOOTbI

HCK

~2.

OnbIT nOKa3bIBaeT, qTO npH ~

max

36+38 B

Me>K,l(y

KOJIJIeKTOpHbIMH nJIaCTHHaMH M02KeT B03HHKHYTb ~meKTpHqe-

CKaSi ,l(yra. n03TOMY qHCJIO HX ,l(OJI2KHOBbI6HpaTbCH TaK, ~06bI

3HaqeHHe

•

He npeBOCXO,l(HJIO

18-19 B.

ECJIH Ha O,l(HH nOJIIOC MaWHHbI npHxO,l(HTCSI

1(/(2p)

KOJIJIeK-

TOpHbIX nJIaCTHH, a HanpH)KeI:iHe Me>K,l(y m.eTKaMH paBHo

U 2pU

K•Cp

K/(2p)

l( ,

(4.12)

TaKHM 06pa30M, qHc.nO KOJIJIeKTOpHbIX nJI8CTHH saBHCHT OT

SHaqeHHH HanpSl)KeHHSI.

H3 BbIpa2KeHHSI

(3.30)

C yqeTOM

(4.13)

HaXO,l(HM

= ~~::~'

(4.14)

T. e. npH Sa,l(aHHOM 3HaqeHHH

,l(HaMeTp KOJIJIeKTOpa 3aBHCHT

o;r HanpSl)KeHHSI

,lleHCTBHTeJIbHO, ec.nH npHHHTb COrJIaCHO

(3.30) ~K

a:::

4,5

MM, a

~.cp

17,2 B,

TO Y qeTblpeXnOJIlOCHoro TSirOBoro

;J.BHraTeJISi C HanpSl)KeHHeM

V:::a

1500 B

.D.HaMeTp KOJIJIeKTOpa

,AOJI1KeH6mb He MeH~

4,5· 4 • 1500

500

M.M,

.K .'

17.2

npH1JeM 3Ta BeJIH1JHHa OT MOUUlOCTH MaWHHbI He 3aBHCHT.

Cne-

AOBaTeJIbHO, HanpH1KeHHe'

B 3Ha1JHTeJIbHOB:CTeneHH onpe,u.e-

JIHeT H paAHaJIbHble pa3Mepbl MaWHHbI ••

4.5.

Mepw 6op ••6w C MCKaHCalOlqMMAeiic'BMeM

. . ..non~pe'lHoii

pealCL\MM

.icop~

B03,/lYWHblii ,3a30p. 113 CKa3aHHoro B n.

4.2

4.3

cJIe.n;yeT,

'ITO HCKa1KeHHe nOJIH B B03.n;yWHOM 3a30pe TeM MeHbwe, 1JeM

OH OOJIbWe, TaK KaK C YBeJIH1JeHHeM B03.n;ywHoro 3a30pa ero

COnpOTHBJIeHHe MarHHTHoMy nOTOKY HKOpH YBeJIH1JHBaeTCH.

Ho npOCTOe YBeJIH1JeHHe B03.n;ywHoro· 3a30pa npHBO,/lHT K

YBeJIH1JeHHIOCOnpOTHBJIeHHH H OCHOBHOMy MarHHTHoMy noTOKY.

113 BbIpaJKeHHH

(4.6)

BH.n;HO, 1JTOBaJKHO He npocTO yheJIH1JHTb

3a30p, a YBeJIH1JHTb ero B TOM T01JKe

r.n;e peaKUHH HKOpH

HaH60JIbWaH, T. e. no.n; KpaeM nOJIlOCa. B HeKOTOpbIx CJIY1JaHX

nOA .B03.n;eMCTBHeM peaKUHH HKOpfl Bo06IUe B03MOJKUo H3Me-

HeHHe HanpaBJIeHHH (<<onpOKH.n;bIBaHHe») MarHHTHoro nOTOKa

no.n;O.n;HHMKpaeM nOJIlOCa.

LJro6bI 3Toro He npOH30WJIO, B03.n;YWHbIM 3a30p no <PoPMe

BbIDOJIHHIOT He paBHOMepHbIM,a YBeJIH1JHBaIOIUHMCH

01'.;

ueHTpa

K KpaflM nOJIIOCHOrO HaKOHe1JHHKa. no.n; ueHTpOM nOJIlOCa, r.n;e

M.llC HKOpH paBHa HyJIIO, 3a30p .n;eJIaiOT HeOOJIbWHM, H TOr.n;a

ero conpOTHBJIeHUe OCHOBHOMy MarHHTHoMy nOToKy npaKTH-

1JeCKHHe YBeJIH1JHBaeTCH. .

HaHOOJIbWee pacnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJIy1JHJI 3KcueHTpH1JHbIM

B03.n;YWHbIM 3a30p, pa3Mep KOToporo no.n; KpaeM nOJllOca B.n;Boe

OOJIbWe, 1JeMno.n;ueHTpOM. 3a30pbI MoryT HMeTb H .n;pyrylO <PoP-

My. nO.n;6HpaH HX pa3MepbI H KOHepHrypaUHIO, MOJKHOB TOB:HJlH

HHOM Mepe YMeHbWHTb HCKa>KaIOIUee .n;eMCTBHepeaKUHH HKOpH.

l(oMneHcauHoHmur oOMOTKa. ECJIH Ha Bcen JVIHHe nOJIIOC-

Horo .n;eJIeIiHfl: coa.n;aTb M,UC, npe.n;CTaBJIfllOIUYIO cooon SepKaJlb-

Hoe oT06paJKeHHe M.llC HKOpH, TO HCKaJKeHHH nOJIH nOJIIOCOB,

a C HHM H onaCHoro YBeJIH1JeHHH HanpHJKeHHH MeJK.n;yCMeJKHbI-

MH KOJlJIeKTOpHbIMH nJIaCTHHaMH He 6y.n;eT. TaKYIO M.llC Ha

.n;JlHHe nOJIIOCHOn .n;yrH MOJKHO nOJIY1JHTb C nOMOIUblO

KOMneflca-

tfUOflflOU

06MOTKH, BKJII01JaeMOB:nOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHOB uenb HKOpH

H YKJIa.n;bIBaeMon B na3b1, BbIWTaMnOBaHHbIe B HaKOHe1JHHKaX

nOJlIOCOB (pHC.

4.5). .

BHTKH KOMneHcaUHOHHon 06MOTKH 06pa3yIOTCTep1KHH, pac-

nOJlOJKeHHble cHMMeTpH1JHO OTHOCHTeJIbHO JlHHHH reoMeTpH1Je-

PHC.

4.5.

KOMneHcaUHoHHall 06MOTKa H .ll06aBOQHblenOJllOCbl, YCTa-

HaBJIHBaeMbie B 3JIeKTpHQecKoil: MallIHHe

CKOH HeB:TpaJIH B pa3HOnOJlHpHbIX nOJllOCax M!iWHHbI. ECJlH

JIHHeHHble Harpy3KH HKOpH H KOMneHcaUHoHHoH 06MOTKH 6y-

AyT paBHbI, TO BJIHHHHe peaKUHH stKOpH Ha JVIHHe nOJlIOCHOrO

H8KOHe1JHHKa nOJlHOCTblO yCTpaHHeTCH.

MaWHHbI cHa6JKeHHble KOMneHcaUHOHHbIMH 06MOTKaMH,

Ha3b1BaIOTCH'

KOMneflCUp08aflflblMU.

B03.n;YWHblif· 3a30p B TaKHX

MaWHHax no <PoPMe.n;eJIalOTpaBHOMepHbIM - KOHUeH'f1>H1JecKHM,

a no 3Ha1JeHHIO~ MHHHMa.iIbHbIM.

KOMneHcaUHOHHaH 06MOTKa - CJIOJKHOeyCTpoB:CTBO. OHa,

KaK H JlI06aH .n;pyraH 06MOTKa, MOJKeT HBHTbCH npH1JHHOH BbI-

xo.n;a MaWHHbI H3 CTpOH BO BpeMfl ee 3KcnJlyaTaUHH. O.n;HaKO

~KTHBHOCTb HCnOJlb30EaHHH 3TOH 06MOTKH HaCTOJlbKO Be-

JlHKa, 1JTOB HaCTOHIUee BpeMH MHorHe THrOBbIe 3JleKTpH1JeCKHe

MaWHHbI BbInOJlHHIOT KOMneHCHpOBaHHblMH. HaJlH1JHe KOMneH:

caUHOHHOH 06MOTKH n03BOJlHeT peaKO YMeHbIlIHTb B03.n;YWHbIH

sa30p H, 3Ha1JHT, M.llC rJlaBHbIX nOJlIOCOB MaWHHbI. vEno cno-

COOCTByeT TOMy, 1JTO HecMOTpH Ha .n;onOJlHHTeJIbHbIH pacxo.n;

Me.n;H Ha H3rOTOBJIeHHe KOMneHcaUHOHHOH 06MOTKH, B UeJIOM

. KOJlH1JecTBOMe.n;HCTaTOpa y KOMneHCHpOBaHHbIX MaWHH MeHb-

we, 1JeM y MaWHH 6ea KOMneHcaUHOHHOH 06MOTKH.

qro TaKoe peaKUHII HKOpll? KaKall OHa MOJKer 6b1Tb?

2. B

KaKHX CJIyqaHx B03HHKaer npO.llOJlbHaH peaKUHH HKOpH?

qro TaKoe JlHHeil:HaH Harpy3Ka H ~o OHa xapaKTepH3yer?

KaK pllCnpe.lleJIHerCII Ha .lVIHH.enOJIIOCHOrO.lleJIeHHII

M,lle

HKOpll, r.lle

OHa MaKcHManbHa?

KaKHe B03.lleACTBHHOKa3b1Baer peaKUHH HKOpll Ha pa60Ty MalllHHbI H

KaK OHH npOHBJlH~CH?

qTO TaKoe cpe.u.HeeHanpHJKeHHe MeJKP.YKOJIJleKTOpHblMHnJiaCTHHaMK?

lfTO TaKoe K03CJxIlHllHeHTHCK8JKeUHlI nOJlH?

tIel( OnpeAeJlHIOTCH KOJIHqecTBO KOJIJIeKTOpHiJlX nJIaCTHH B MaUIHHe R

AHaMeTp KOJIJIeKTOpa?

OnpeAeJlHTb AHaMeTp KOJIJIeKTOpa THrOBOro )l,BHraTeJlH, nOJlb3YHcb

AaHHiJlMH H pesyJIbTaTaMH peweuHH S8)I,aq

K rJI.

10.

KaKoBiJI B03MOJKHiJleMepiJI 6opb6iJ1 C HCK8JKaIOIIUlMAeACTBuell nonepeq-

HoA peaKIlHH HKOpH?

rllllH

5. KOMMYU",MI

5.1.

HCKpeHHe Ha KonneKTope

npH paooTe MallIHHbI II.I.eTKaH KOJIJIeKTOp06pa3yIOT CKOJIb-

3HII.I.HHKOHTaKT, nO)(KOTopbIM HaMIO)(aeTCH ooJIee HJIH MeHee

HHTeHCHBHoe

uCKpeflue.

JIHllIb B pe.z(KHx CJIyqaHX HCKpeHHe

OTCyTCTByeT, a y THrOBblX 9JIeKTpHqecKHx MaIlIHH, paooTalO-

II.I.HXB HCKJIlOqHTeJIbHOTH}KeJIbIX yCJIOBHHX,HCKpeHHe eCTbnpaK-

THqecKH BCer)(a. MCKpeHHe BbI3bIBaeT 9P03HIO KOJIJIeKTOpa,

nOBbIllIeHHbIH H3HOCII.I.eTOKH MO}KeT)(a}Ke BbI3BaTb HX nOBpe}K~

)(eHHe, a )(aJIbHeHIlIYIO pa60Ty MallIHHbl C)(eJIaTb HeB03-

MO}KHOii.

He06xo)(HMO OTMeTHTb, qTO CTOHMOCTbpeMoHTa B 3KCnJIya-

TaUHH KOJIJIeKTOpHbIX MaIlIHH, CBH3aHHaH C 3aMeHoH II.I.eroK,

npOTOqKOH H llIJIH<PoBKOHKOJIJIeKTOpOB,OqeHb BeJIHKa H COCTaB-

JIHeT, HanpHMep y THrOBbIX )(BHraTeJIeH JIOKOMOTHBOB,3a O)(HH

ro)(

OKOJIO 1/

CTOHMOCTHcaMOH MaIlIHHbI. n09TOMY yCTpaHeHHe

HCKpeHHH HJIH XOTH.6bI YMeHbllIeHHe ero HHTeHCHBHOCTHMO}KeT

)(aTb CYII.I.ecTBeHHbIHTeXHHKO-3KOHOMHqecKHH 9qxpeKT.

MCKpeHHe - pe3YJIbTaT pa3pbIBa TOKa. KaKHe}Ke npHqHHbI

MoryT BbI3BaTb ero? 3TH npHqHHbI MO}KHOYCJIOBHOpa3)(eJIHTb

Ha qeTbIpe OCHOBHbIe rpynnbI:

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KOJI-

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)(BHraTeJIeH )(OCTHraeT V

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ere-

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ua KOJIJIeKTope, JIerKO yCTpaHH-

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4.4).

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(CM.

n. 5.8).

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no oOe CTOPOHhI 0'1' IUeTKH npoTHBOnOJlO>KHOe, TO TOK B ceKUHH

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UecChI, B03HHKaIOIUHe no.ZJ.IUeTKaMH.

fI03TOMy, HecMOTpSl Ha pa3J1HqHbIe npHqHHbI, BbI3bIBaIOlIJ.He

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183-74,

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noo

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4.1.

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2582-81 -

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Ha Bce 3JleKTpHqecKHe MaIllHHbI PeJIbCOBOro HJlH 6e3peJIbCOBOro

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5.1,

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bill,

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(pHC.

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a BO BTOpOM-

ill

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(pHC.

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I -

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(bill

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(5.2)

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•

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(5.5)

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a KOMMyTaUHoHHaH, KaK

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(5.5)

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-e

•

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(5.5)

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(5.5)

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(5.6)

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(CM. pHe.

5.1,6).

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3a BpeMH

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(5.8)

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(5.7)

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(5.10)

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=7;'

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(5.11)

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(5.10)

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(

1- ::). (5.12)

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(5.12),

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(5.10)J,

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(5.11)

(5.12),

ill +i

ill + ill

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TOKa

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const; 3a BpeMSI

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;

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-2i

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(5.3),

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(5.5)

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•

llo BaKOHy JIeHua, HanpaBJIeHHe

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a 3HatlHT, H

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