Безрученко В.Н., Xотян А.С. Электрические машины

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rAe X

Xl +X; -

OAHR RS napaMeTpOB KOponroro S8MJ,1Ka-

HHH no (8.28. B). .

3HaqeHHe MaKCHMaJIbHoro MOMeHTa onpe.n.eJIHM no (11.26).

nOACTaBJUIH 3HaqeHHe

SKp

H3 (11.27.

H npHHHMaH

M -

pmlU~

pm.U~

(11.28)

max -

2fOt~

4n'.x

rAe 3HaK c+» OTROCHTCHK ABHraTeJIbHoMY, a

C-)} -

K reHe-

paTOpHoMy pe>K ------ -

ypaBHeHHSI (11.28) BHAHO,

qro MaKCUMaIlbHblt1 MO.MeHm

/j9QfJucum IlUtub om KOHCmpylCmUlJHbIX napaMemp08 iJ8U2a111e;m

( (BeIlUClUHbl

Xx>

.IJ:!lamaquu U8.MeHeH 6bl1Tlb He

~ 4

o eT TOnbKO aqeRHe

SKp

npH

max

•

OlIIeRHe MaK ManbHoro K HOMHHaJIbHOMY Ha-

3 BaercSi

K09t/xPUqueHmoM nepezpy3O'l.HOt2 cnoc06Hocmu;

06blllHO

MmaJM

HOM

s:::1,8 -;- 2,5.

MOMeHT nycKa ; 3HalleHHe

nycK

MO>KHO

nOJIyllHTb, nOACTaBHB 3T0 3HalleHHe CKOJIb>KeHHSIB (11.26).

MexaHHllecKaSi XapaKrepHCTHKa aCHHxpOHHoro ABHraTeJISI

B .06~enpHHSlTOH 4>yHKUHH

(M)

nOCTpoeHa Ha

pHC. 11.7,6 H3 3aBHCHMOCTH

(5),

TaK KaK

CBSl3aHbl

Me>KAYC060H Bblpa>KeHHeM (11.3). CnnOIIIHOH JIHHHeH H306pa-

>KeRa pa60llaSi lIaCTb xapaKTepHCTHKH.

." KaK BHAHO, npH YBeJIHII~HHH Harpy3KH Ha Bany lIaCTOTa

'~paw.eHHSI ABHraTeJISi HecKOJIbKO naAaeT. no C80eMY BHAY pa-

!~lIaSi lIaCTb XapaKrepHCTHKH aHanOrHqHa MexaHHlleCKOH xa-

vi, "

plaKTepHCTHKe ABHraTeJISI nOCTOSlHHoro TOKa napaJIneJIbHOrO

r;,~,\

B036Y>KAeHHSI.ECJIH Harpy3Ka Ha Bany YBeJIHIIHTCSI AO

max,

~•.•'I

'1'

TO MHraTeJIb MO>KeTnepeHTH Ha HeyCTOHIIHBylO (lIITpHXOBylO)

~\~, ~\; lIaCTb xapaKTepHC:,HKH, rAe OAHOBpeMeHHOH~IIHYT YMeHblIIaTb-

\/ J

CSI H pa3BHBaeMblH ABHraTeJIeM Bpaw.alOw.HH MOMeHT, H lIac-

. .l" TOT8 Bpaw.eHHSI BnnOTb AO OCTaHOBaMHraTeJISI.

11.8. nycR

aCNHxpOHHWXAB"raTene~ • XOA

nycK ABHraTeJIeH B XOA AOJI>KeH6blTb npOCTblM, npH B03-

MO>KHO60nblIIeM nycKo8OM MOMeHTe H HaHMeHblIIeM nycKo-

80M TOKe. npaKTHllecKH Hcnonb3YlOT TpH CJIeAYlOIIJ.HXcnoco6a;

1) Henocpe,zr.CTBeHHoe nOAKnlOqeHHe CTaTOpa K CeTH (npH-

MOH nycK);,

2) nOHH>KeHHe HanpSl>KeHHH, nOMO.nHMoro K CTaTOpy npH

nyc

Ke;

3) BKJIlOqeHHe B uenb pOTOpa nycKo8Oro pe3HcTopa.

i62

npJlMOfi.

ft!JCIC

npHMe.

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'",,poll.

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OT TOIIKH, COOTBeTCTByIO-

meA

MnyCK,

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pa60qeH lIaCTH xapaKTe-

PHCTHKH, B KOTOPOHyCTa-

fI~BJIHBaeTCSI paBHoBecHe

'MoMeHTOB [CM. Bblpa>K.e-

HHe (7.6)].

OrHolIIeHHe MOMeHTOB

MnyCKI

HON

H83blBalOT

Kpam-

ttocmbtO HattallbHDeO ItYCK08DeO MO.MeHma.

,UJUI MHraTeJIeH MOW.-

HOCTblO .no 100 KBT

1 -;- 2; MOW.HOCTbIOooJIee l00KBT

0,7 -;- 1.

He.nocTaTKoM npSlMoro nyCKa HBJIHeTCH cpaBHHTeJIbHO Ma-

JIoe 3HalleHHe

H IIpe3BblqaHHO OOJIblIIOH 6pOCOK nyCK08Oro

'I'OKa. B 5-7 pa3 npeBbllIIalOw.HH /1

HOM'

nyCK npu nOHU:JK:eHHOM HanpR:JlCeHUU

npHMeHSIlOT C UeJIblO

YMeHblIIeHH.ll 6poCKa nycKoooro TOKa. }lJIH 3TOro Ha nepHOA '\

nycKa' B uenb CTaTOpa BKJIlOllalOT peaKTOp, Ha KOTOPOMIiaA8eT

qaCTb HanpH>K.eHH.l1. nponopUHOHanbH8.l1 . nycKOOOMY TOKY,

'JIHOOCHH>KaIQTaanp.l1>K.eHHeC DOMOW.bIO8BTOTp8Hcct>oPMaTOpa.

npHMeH.lllOT T8K>Ke nepeKJIIOqeHHe 06MOTKH CT8TOpa npH

nycKe C paoo.eH CXeMbi CTpeyronbHHK)}

(.6.)

H'a DyCKOByIO cxe-

My «3Be3Aa»

(y).

npH BKJIIOqeHHH CTaTOpa no cxeMe

H8_\

up.l1>K.~~nOAaBaeMOe.-Ba

cp,

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.' • lITO 06yCJIOBJIHBaeT TaKoe >K.eYMeHblIIemm··~I;Hl"'I'Q.:,

,KOB, a JIHHeHHbIX "- B T}lH pa3a. nOCJIe,llHee OqeHb Ba>K.HOAJI.l1 '. '-

.CHCTeMbI 9JIeKTpOCHa6:meHH.l1. C.neA\YeT nOMHHTb, lITO COrJIaCHO. , "-""",'

(11.26), uCHlbKeHHe 4>a3~or<;>\H~npH>K.eHH.l1 B

YM.e.HblII.aeT

l .

J' .....;

CKOBOHMOMeHT B

<V3)2

3 pa3a. _

,~,!

lWl

pomg.pa nyeK080ZU'75e3ilcrifiijiiTB03MO>KHoi

, UpH nycKe MHraTeJIeH C tPa3HbIM pOTOpOM (CM. PHC~ 11.1).

"'j

Bblpa>K.eHH.ll (11.27. 6) BH,llHO, lITO npH YBeJIHqeHlIlf aK-

'I'HBHOro conpoTHBneHHH uenH pOTOpa paCTeT 3Ha1leHHe

SKp, ~

'f.

e. MaKcHMyM MOMeHTa. OCTaBa.l1CbHeH3MeHHblM no 3Ha1leHHIOi

HaCTyn!ieT npH OOJIbWHX CKOJIb>K.eHH.l1X.nO.n06paB a- .

.cOnpOTHBJIeHH.l1 nY;KoBoro pe3HcTOpa

'p.

1IT06b1. cor-

.naCHO (11.27, 6).

-+:-

r:s.

Xx'

MO>KHO nOJIYIIHTb

SKp -

'f.

e. ABHraTeJIb UpH nycKe paSOBbeT MaKCHM8nbHbIH MOMeHT.

YBeJIHqeHHe COnpoTHBJIeHHJI nenH POTOp8, K8K BHJlHO

Jis

BLl-

pa]KeHHH (11.12), YMeHbWHT nOJIHblH nyCKOBOH TOK. .

;cI>.H3HQecKoe. ooo.HcHeHHe STOMy,· Ka3aJl0Cb tSbl, napa,ltOK-

CaJIbHoMY JlBJIei:J:HIO(TOK YMeHbwaeTCH, a MOMeHT B03paCTaeT)'

CJIE!J\YeT H3 Bblp8]KeHHJI (11.23). PesHCTOP XOTb H YMeHbllI3eT

nOJIHblH TOK, HO YBeJIHQHBaeT ero aKTHBHyIO COCTaBJIHIO~,

nOCKOJIbKy y~eJIHQHBaeTCH aKTHBHaJl COCTaBJIHIO~aJl nOJIHOrO

cOnpOTHBJIeHHH Z2 uenH pOTOpa; ,neHcTBHTeJIbHO, ZlI=

:v ,~

x~,

a C pesHCTOpOM

Z2p

('lI + 'p)2 +

x~.

MeXaHHQecKHe .xapaKTepHCTHKH ,l{BHraTeJIJI npH paSJIHQ-

HblX cOnpOTHBJIeHHJlX pOTOpa H300p8]KeHbl Ha pHC. 11.8.3,necb

XapaKTepHCTHKa C OOJIbWHM nopH,nKOBbIM HOMepOM COOTBeT~

cTByeT OOJIbWeMY COnpOTHBJIeHHIO uenH pOTOpa • .uJIJI KPHBOH

bKp

MnyCK

max

•

BblBO,nH' cryneHJlMH nycKoBOH

peocraT, nepexo,nJlT Ha ,xapaKrepHcTHKH

3, 2,

nOKa He BhlH,ny'l'

Ha:ecTecTBeHHYIP xapakrepHcTHKy ..

nOCJIe 3T0ro ~eTKH. iIo.n-

HHMaIOT C KOJIeu, a OOMOTKa: pOTopa 3aKOpaQHBaeTCJI. . .

U~9.

J(0poTNo3aMKHyTloleacMHxpOHHlole ABMraTenM

c nOBloIwel:lHIolM nycKoBIolM MOMeHToM

He06xo,lJ.HMOCTb oo~CnetIeaHJI BblCOKlfX nycKoBblx MOMeH-

TOB Qea npJlMeHeHH;H nycKoBbIx pesHCTOpOB npHBeJIa K coa.na:'

HHIQ. ,nBHraTeJIe~ C ;KOpoTK03aMKHyTbIM pOTOpOM, B KOTOPblX

HCnpJIb30BaaO HBJIeHae BhlTecHeHHJI. TOKa B CTep>KHJlX npH

nycKe, KOPAa npJl S

I,.

COrJIaCHO (11.5),

III

,KaK .H3BecTHO, npa BhlTeCHeHHH TOKa B BepxHIOIO qaCTb

npo~,nHIJKa· npoHcxo,nHT YMeHbweHHe ero HCnOJIb3yeMOrO

ceqe"HJI, .tITO SKBHB8.JIeHTHO.nOBhlWeHHIO aKTHBHoro conpoTHB-

JIeHIIH crep}J{HH; Iq>oMe TOro, BhlTecHeHHe TOKa npHBO,nHT K

YMeHbweHHIO HH,nyKTHBHOrO conpOTHBJIeHHJI, TaK KaK yMeHb-

wae:rcn o,o~aJl npoBO,nHMOCTb na30Boro MarHHTHoro nOToKa

'fl

PHC.

11.9.

nas AByXKJleTO'IHOrO pOTopa

(a)

H MeX8HH'IeCKHe XapaKTepHCTH-

, XH nycKoBoA H pa60'leA KJleTOK

(6)

. paccesrHHJI. Bce

31'0

C03,ltaeT, KaK nOKa3aHO B n. 11.8, YCJIOBRJI

. NIJI OOJIyqeHHJI BblCOKOro nycKoBOro MoMeHTa.

3THMH CBOACTBaMH 06JIa,ltaIOT ,nBHraTeJIH C ,nBYXKJIeTOqHblM

Hrny60Kona3HblM poropaMH.

,llBHraTeJB. C ABOAHOA c6eJIHlfbeA

KJIeTKob.\

POTOP HMeeT

.ABe KOpoTK03aMKHyrblX OtSMOTKH (PHC. 11.9,

a).

Hapy>KHaSi

KJI~Ka

JlBJIJleTCJI nycKoBOH; ee CTep>KHH HMeIOT MaJIOe no-

nepetIHOe CeqeHHe H H3rOTaBJIHBaIOTCH H3 MapraHuoBHCTOA

JIaryHH HJIH tSpoH3bl, noSTOMy aKTHBHoe COnpOTHBJIeHHe STOA

KJIeTKH

'2n

,nOCTaTOtIHO BeJIHKO. BHyTpeHHJIJI KJIeTKa

JlBJIJI-

eTCH OCHOBHoii (pa60tIeii); OHa H3rOTaBJIHBaeTCJI H3 MeAHblX

CTep1KHeH OOJIbWero nOnepetIHoro CetIeHHJI, nOSTOMY ee aK-

THBHoe COnpOTHBJIeHHe

'2p

CpaBHHTeJIbHO MaJIO. B Hel<OTOphlX

CJIYllaJlx O()e KJIeTKH ooo.e,nHHJlIOT H BbInOJIHSlIOT JIHTbIMH H3

lfJIIOMHHHSI.

Hu.nyKTHBHbIe COnpOTHBJIeHHH KJIeTOK onpe,neJIHIOTCSI 3Ha-

qeHHeM nOTOKa pacceSlHHH

«D

2pac

CuenJIeHHOrO C HX CTep>KHH-

MH. nOCKOJIbKY iIycKoBaSl KJIeTKa pacnOJIO>KeHa tSJIH1Ke K no-

BepXHOCTH pOTOpa, CuenJIeHHbIH C HeID nOTOK pacceSlHHH He-

JreJIHK H, CJIe,nOBaTeJIbHO, ee HH,nyKTHBHOe conpOTHBJIeHHe

X2n

MaJIO.

paOOtIeH >Ke KJIeTKH nOTOKOCuenJIeHHe pacceSlHHSI

BeJlHKO, 3HaQHT, OHa otSJIa,naeT OOJIbWHM

X2p.

COOTHOWeHHe

Me>K.nY

X2n

X2p,

a TaK1Ke yBeJIHtIeHHe nOCJIe,nHero otSecnetIH-

BaIOTCH COOTBeTCTBYIO~HM BbIOOPOM. WHpHH H BbICOT WJIln~a

B naay Ha,n BepXHeii KJIeTKOH H meJIH Me>K,ny CTep1KHSlMH.

06e KJIeTKH B SJIeKTpHtIeCKOM OTHoweHHH BKJIIOtIeHbI na-

PaJIJIeJIbHO, n03T0MY TOKH Me>K,l{y HHMH pacnpe,neJISlIOTCSI 00-

paTHO nponopUHOHaJIbHO HX nOJIHbIM conpOTHBJIeHHSlM:

/2nl/2p

/Z2n

'~p

~p/V

'~n

~n.

npH nycKe

HH,nyKTHBHbIe conpOTHBJIeHHH no cpaBHe-

HHIO C aKTHBHbIMH. tIpe3BbItIaiiHO BeJIHKH; n03TOMY /

/2p ~

~ X2p/X2n,

T. e. TOK pOTOpa B OCHOBHOMnpOXO,lJ;HTno BepxHeii

nycKoBOH KJIeTKe, TaK KaK

X2n

X2p.

Ho y STOii >Ke KJIeTKH

Be.lIHf{O

'2n,

tITO npHBo,nHT K nOSlBJIeHHIO OOJIbWOrO nycKoBOro

MOMeHTa.

no Mepe pa3rOHa pOTopa YMeHbwaIOTCH CKOJIb>KeHHe

tIaCTOTa

'IS.

BMecTe co CKOJIb1KeHHeM H tIaCTOTOii, KaK STO

CJIe.t.YeT H3 (11.8), YMeHbwaeTCSI HH,nyKTHBHoe cOnpOTHBJIeHHe

X2p,

H TOK nOCTeneHHO nepexo,nHT H3 nycKoBOii KJIeTKH· B pa-

OOqyIO.

no OKOHtIaHHH nycKa, Kor,na CKOJIb>KeHHeOqeHb MaJIO, POJIb

HH.!{yKTHBHbIX COnpOTHBJIeHHH B TOKopacnpe,neJIeHHH CTaHO-

BUTCH He3HaQHTeJIbHOH; nOSTOMY MO>KHOCtIHTaTb, tITO

1J2P ~

165

PHC.

11.10.

PacnpeAeJIeHHe ILIlOTHOCTH TOKa no BLlCOTe crep1KHH rJlyooKo-

naSHoro pOTOpa

(a)

H paSJlHqHLle <PoPMhl CeqeHHA crep1KHeA

(6,

~ '2p/'2n.

Ho TaK KaK

'2n> '2p,

TO TOK pOTOpa B OCHOBHOM

npoxo,nHT no HHlKHeH paoolIeH KJIeTKe.

HTaK, B ,nByxKJIeTOIIHOM pOTOpe TOK B HalIaJIbHbIH MOMeHT

nycKa BbITecHHeTCH B BepxHlO1O (nycKoBylO) KJIeTKY, COs,naJC-

w.YIO OOJIblIIOH nycKoBoH MOMeHT; no Mepe pasroHa TOK nOCTe-

neHHO npOHHKaeT B HHlKHlO1O (paoolIylO) KJIeTKY, a no OKOHtIa-

HHH nycKa npaKTHtIeCKH nOJIHOCTblO npOTeKaeT no HeH.

Ha pHC.

11.9,

nOKasaHbI MeXaHHtIeCKHe xapaKTepHcTHKH

nycKoBoH H paOOtIeH KJIeTOK, a TaKlKe pesyJIbTHpylOW.aH KpH-

BaH, npe,ncTaBJIHIOw.aH C060H CyMMy ,nByx npe.zu,I,nyw.Hx

- M

n +

p).

,nByXKJIeTOtIHbIX ,nBHraTeJIeH 60JIblIIOH MOW.HOCTHKpaT-

HOCTb HalIaJIbHOrO nycKoBoro MOMeHTa

1,7

npH cy-

w.eCTBeHHO MeHblIIeM, tIeM y 06bIIIHbIX ,nBHraTeJIeH,6pocKe

nycKoBoro TOKa:

JtnyCKI

JIRoN

(cp. C nycKoBbIMH

napaMeTpaMH 06bIIIHbIX ,nBHraTeJIeH B n.

11.8).

rJIy6oKona3H1t1ii ,nBHraTeJIb. MOlKHO nOKasaTb, lITO 3<l$eKT

BbITeCHeHHH TOKa B BepxHlO1O IIaCTb npoBo,naHKa, Kor,na s

ru, HalIHHaeT npOHBJIHTbCH y Me,nHoro npOBO,n-

HHKa npH ero BbICOTe

MM, a y aJIIOMHHHeBOro - npH

MM. HanpHMep, aKTHBHoe COnpOTHBJIeHHe Me,naoro npo-

Bo,nHHKa npH

MM B

pas OOJIblIIe, a HH,nyKTHBHoe-

3,33

pa3a MeHblIIe B HalIaJIbHbIH MOMeHT nycKa, IIeM B pa60-

IIeM pelKHMe npH

SHOM

0,01

0,03.

n03TOMY «6eJIHlIblO

KJIeTKy» rJIyooKonasHbIx ,nBHraTeJIeH BblnOJIHHIOT H3 Y3KHX H

BbICOKHX

(30-60

MM) cTeplKHeH.

Pacnpe,neJIeHHe nJIOTHOCTH TOKa

no BbICOTe cTeplKHH

MOMeHT nycKa nOKa3aHO Ha pHC.

11.10, a

KPHBOH

MOlKHO

npe,ncTaBHTb ce6e, lITO npH nycKe paOOTaeT TOJIbKO BepxHHH

IIaCTb CTeplKHH, ero aKTHBHoe conpOTHBJIeHHe yBeJIHIIHBaeTCH,

a HH,nyKTHBHoe - yMeHblIIaeTCH, H C03,naIOTCH YCJIOBHH ,nJIH

BOSHHKHOBeHHH 60JIblIIOrO nycKoBoro MOMeHTa.

npH pa3roHe C YMeHblIIeHHeM IIaCTOTbI

TOK Bce 60JIee paB-

HOMepHo pacnpe,neJIHeTCH no BbICOTe cTeplKHH (KpHBaH

166

pRC.

11.10,

aJ.

npoHCXOJJ,HT KaK 6111DJIaBHOe YBeJIRqeRHe pa-

(Soqero celIeHHH npoBO)UlHKa H YMeRblIIeHHe ero aKTHBHO~

conpoTHBJIeHHH.

B HOMHHaJIbHOM pelKHMe HBJIeHHH BItlTecHeHHH TOKa HeT,

aKTHBHOe COnpOTHBJIeHHe creplKHH CTaHOBHTCHMHHHMaJIbHltIM,

- DJIOTHOCTbTOKa paBHoMepHo pacnpe,neJIHeTCH no BIlICOTe npo-

BO)UlHKa (JIHHHH

Ha pHC.

11.10, a).

Ha pHC.

11.9,

KpHBaH

rJl

npe,nCTaBJIHeT MexaHHlIecKYIO

XapaKTepHCTHKy rJIyooKonasHoro ,nBHraTeJIH. OHa SaHHMaeT

npOMelKYTQlIHoe nOJIOlKeHHe MelK,ny xapaKTepHCTHKaMH 06bIlI-

HOro H ,nBYXKJIeTOIIHOro ,nBHraTeJIeH. ,

CYW.eCTBYIOT paSHOBH,nHOCTH rJIyooKonasHbIX ,nBHraTeJIeH

C TpaneUHe,naJIbHOH, ,nByxcryneHlIaTOH H KOJI6006pa3HoH 4X>P-

MaMH CTeplKHeH (pHC.

11.10, 6).

EnH pOTOpbI ,nemeBJIe ,nByx.

KJIeTOlIHbIX, n03TOMy OHH nOJIylIHJIH OOJIblIIee pacnpocTpaHeHHe.

C UeJIblO yCHJIeHHH 3<l$eKTa BbITeCHeHHH TOKa npH nycKe

B coBpeMeHHbIx KOpoTKosaMKHyTblx ,nBHraTeJIHX MOW.HOCTblO

JJ.O

100

KBT C aJIIOMHHHeBOH 3aJIHBKOH pOTOpOB na3aM nOCJIe,n-

HHX npH,naIOT CneUHaJIbHO CHJIbHO BbITHHyTylO B pa,nHaJIbHOM

HanpaBJ1eHHH 4X>PMy (PHC.

11.10,

8).

11.10.

PerynHpoBaHHe lIaCTOT•••BpalL\eHHSI

aCHHxpoHHWX ABHraTenel1

nO,ncTaBHB B BbIpalKeHHe

(11.3)

SHatIeHHH CHHXpOHHOH tIac-

TOTbI Bpaw.eHHH H3

(11.1)

H CKOJIblKeHHH H3

(11.20),

nOJIy1JHM

4X>PMyJIy

l.1.

(1-

PM2),

(11.29)

H3 KOTOpOH CJIe,nyIOT TpQ: npHHUHnHaJIbHO BOSMOlKHbIX cno-

co6a peryJIHpOBaHHH

H3MeHeHHeM tIaCTOTbI

nHTalOw.ero

HanpHlKeHHH, tIHCJIa nap nOJIIOCOB

H 3JIeKTpHtIeCKHX nOTepb

PU2 B uenH pOTopa (BKJIlOtIeHHeM pesHcTopa B uenb pOTOpa).

"lJacmomHoe peeyllup08aHue

Tpe6yeT npHMeHeHHH CneUHaJIb-

HhiX HCTOqHHKOB nHTaHHH C H3MeHHeMOH IIaCTOToH. BbIcTpoe

pa3BHTHe nOJIynpoBo,nHHKOBOH TeXHHKH ,neJIaeT 3TOT cijoc06

peryJIHpOBaHHH Bce OOJIee pacnpocrpaHeHHbIM. Ocooo BalKHoe

SHatIeHHe TaKoe peryJIHpOBaHHe HMeeT MH THroBoro 3JIeKTpO-

npHBO,na, TaK KaK nJIaBHOe 6eccTyneHtIaTOe peryJIHpOBaHHe

1JaCTOTHI

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Ty BpaW.eHHH ,nBHraTeJIH

8 3H8tIHT, H CKOpOCTb ,nBHlKeHHH

SKHn8lKa.

O,naaKO tI8CTOTHOe peryJIHpOBaHHe CBO,nHTCHHe TOJIbKO K

HSMeHeHHIO. tIaCTOTbl

11:

O,nHOBpeMeHHO Tpe6yeTCH HSMeHeHHe

H 3HaqeHHSI nHTmom.ero HanpSl:lKeRHSI

•

3aKOHH ero H3101e-

HeHHSI MOryr 6b1Tb pa3HIJIIoIH 0 3aOHCHIoIOCTHOT CBOiCTB, ,Ko-

TOpble XOTSIT npH,I\aTb ./.umraTeJIIO, a npHqHHH Heo6xO,llHMOCTH

peryJIHpooaRHSI

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HHJ\YKTHBHOe conpOTHBJIeHHe KOpoTKOro 3aMblKaHHSI

x.=

CJ)ILK·a:

2nflLK'

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(11.28)

npHOOpeTaeT OHA

pfntU

max

8n'l1f~

:=: ±

CMM

fl '

(11.30)

1',l\e

CMM

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(11.30)

cne,nyeT, qro npH H3MeReHHH

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max

T. e. KO*

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kv..

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1,41

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fI;

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(1,41)2

pa3a, tITO MO:lKeT OKa3aTbCH He,l\OnYCTHMbIM no

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fl'

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(10.2),

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£1'

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KOCTeHKO cne,ll.YIOIUeH <l>oPMyJIOH:

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HanpHMep, ecnH npH tIaCTOTHOM peryJIHpOOaHHH Heooxo-

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HoM

TO ObIpa1KeHHe

(11.31)

nOJIyqaeT BH,lI.

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coost, T. e. npH HSMeHeHHH tIaCTOTbI

cne,ll.yeT nponopUUOHaJIbHOH3MeHHTb H HanpH1KeHHe

•

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(11.31)

n0300JIHeT onpeAeJIHTb BsaHM03aOHCH-

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npHMeHHeT-

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168

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1: 2,

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MH Ha

p.-

npH

fu. HMeeT CHHXpOHHyIO

tIaCTOTY opaIUeHHH

1500/1000/750/500

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H CTOHMOCTHno cpaoHeHHIO C ,l\BH1'aTeJIHMH HOpMaJIbH01'O HC-

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KaK np,aBHJIO, tIeTblpbMH CTyneHHMH.

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t{enb pomopa 803-

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PM2

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(11.29),

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2, 3

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11.8).

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11.11

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11.12.

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PRC.

11.11.

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31I.C

BpaIUeHHH, HarrpaBJIe-

HHe KOTOpon onpe,n:eJIHTCH no npaBHJIy npaBOH pyKH. qacToTa

STon

31I.C

paBHa QaCTOTe B OOMOTKe

T. e. QaCTOTe CeTH

flo

's ee BeJIHqHHa

ceAncD A.

DOA AencTBHeM

31I.C

Teqer

TOK

I A

H C03AaeTCH MarHHTHblH nOTOK

q,

HanpaBJIeHHhln, CO-

rJIaCHO rrpaBHJIy oypaBqHKa, no OCH OOMOTKH

DOCKOJIbKY

npH HeHacblIUeHHon CHCTeMe

q'" lA,

IA'" EA'" n,

q'" n.

DOTOK

<1'>q

HHAyUHpyeT

oOMoTKe

31I.C

4,44k

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q,

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nOCTOHHHaH. TaKHM

B. B

oopa30M, npH npHHHTblX YCJIOBHHX

'" ~;

T. e. xapaKTepHC-

THKa TaXOreHepaTOpa

(n)

B HAeaJIe eCTb rrpHMaH JIH-

HHH, a npaKTHqeCKH HarrOMHHaeT xapaKTepHcTHKy TaXOFeHe-

paTOpa nOCTOHHHoro TO? (CM. pHC.

6.9).

'6 /.-~ 173

'lj;;C-

I .

Kotnpo •••••••

IIOIIpOCIoI •• .,...

qTO H83liBaeTClI CKOIIl>lKeHHeM aCBHXpOHHOA 1l8lllJlHY?

I(8KHe C~ecTBYIOT TBIDi aCHHXpOHIIJiX I18DlHH, B 'IeM HX KOHCTp}'KT1Dt-

Hoe p83JlH'IHe?

I(aKBe C~ecTBYIOT PeJKJIlIIJI pa60m aCHHXpOHHLlJI: I18DlHH,. DKBe

npe.n.eJIIlIHSMeHeHHH 'IaCTOT Bp~eHHH H CKOIIl>lKeHHA HM COOTBeTCI'-

BYIOT?

Tpexljl83HIllA aCHHxpoHHLlA ABHraTeJIb nOllyqaer nBTaHHe· OT cerH e

fl =

ru H pOTOp HMeeT npH 9TOM

2850

o6IIlHH. Onpe.n.e.IIBTb

CKOJIblKeHHe

'IBCJlO nap nOJIIOCOB

H 'IaCTOTY B pOTOpe

fls'

6. 8

'IeM aHaJIOrBH aCBHxpoHHoro ABBraTeJlH C TpaHcljlopMaTOpoM H B

'IeM BX p83J1B'IBe? HanHillHTe OCHOBHllle ypaBHeHBH aCHHxpoHHoro ABH-

raTeJIH B CpaBHHTe C aHaJIOrH'IHIllMH ypaBHeHHHMB TpaHcljlopMa-

TOpa.

I(aK H nO'leMy npe06pasoBIllBalOT T -06pasHyro cxeMy saMelUeHHH B r-oI5-

pasHyro?

I(aK HSMeHHIOTCH9J1eKTpH'IeCKHe nOTepH B pOTOpe npH HSMeHeHHBCKOJIb-

lKeHHH? I(aK C HHMH CBHsaH BP~8lOIUHll: MOMeHT?

I(aK SaBHCBT BP~8lOIUHll: MOMeHT OT nBTalOlUerO HanpHlKeHHH?

qeM OnpeAe.IIHeTCHSHa'leHHe

max

aCHHxpoHHoro ,nBHraTeJIH? CpaBHHT8

BHA MeXaHH'lecKHX XapaKTepHCTHK ,nBHraTe.IIell: nOCTOHHHoro TOKa H

aCHHxpoHHoro, a TaKlKe HX cnoc06HOCTb K neperpysKe.

10.

POTOP aCHHxpoHHoro ABHraTe.IIH saTopMolKeH MeXaHH'IecKHM TOpMOSOM.

MOlKHO JlH OCTaBHTb ABHraTeJIb BKJlIO'leHHIllM B CeTb?

ll.

3J1eKTpH'lecKBe nOTepH B pOTOpe B HOMHHaJlbHOMpelKHMe pa(larlll npB

HOM

0,05

paBHIll PMI' I(aKoBo HX 8Ha'leHHe B MOMeHTnycKa ABHrare-

nil?

12.

I(aKHe cYIUecTBYIOT cnoco()1ll nycKa B XO,n aCHHxpoHHIllX ,nBHraTe-

Jlell:?

13.

I(aKoll: npHHUHn nOJlOlKeH B OCHOBy cos,naHHlI ,nBHraTeJIell: C nOBblilleH-

HLlM nycKoBbiM MOMeHToM?

14.

I(aKall «6eJIH'lbll KJIeTKll» Y ,nByxKJleTO'IHoro ABHraTe.lllI lIBJ1eTClI pll-

oo'lell:, a KaKall - nycKoBoll:? I(aKoBo COOTHOilleHBe HX aKTHBHIllX B

HH,nyKTHBHIllX COnpOTHBJleHHA?

15.

nO'leMy y KopOTKosaMKHYTlllx aCHHxpoHHIllX ,nBHraTe.IIell: npHMeHlIlOT

BbiCOKHe CTeplKHH poropa?

16.

I(aKHe CYIUeCTBYIOTcnoco()1ll peryJlHpoBaHHlI 'IaCTOTbI BpaIlleHHlI aCHH-

XpOHHblX ABHraTe.IIell:? I(aKoll: B8 HBX npHMeHBM }l,JIlI TlIroBOro 9J1eKTpo-

npHBo,na?

17.

nO'leMy npH 'laCTOTHOM peryJlHpoBaHHH Tpe()yeTClI BSMeHeHHe SHa'le-

HHII nHT8IOlUero HanplllKeHHlI?

18.

I(aKoB npHHUHn ,neACTBBlI oAHoljlasHLIx H ,nByxljlasHLIx (KoH,neHc8Top~

HIllX) ,nBHraTe.IIeA?

"19.

MOlKHO JlH nYCTBTb B XO,n TpexljlasHIllA aCHHxpoHHIllll: ABHraTeJIb or

o,nHoljlasHoA CeTH? qTO }l,JIlI 9T01'0 HYlKHO? .

•• qTO TaKoe Ce.llbCHHbI, r,ne H }l,JIlI 'lero OHH HCnOJIbSYIOTClI?

,il. 8

'leM npHHuun pa(larlll aCHHxpoHHoro T8XoreHepaTopa?

CTaTOp

CHHXpoHHOA MaWHHlJI (pHc.12.1) cynolKeHHoA Ha

HeM -rpeX¢a3HOA OI5MOTKOH BlJInOnHeH TaK, KaK onHcaHo B

n. 10.1.

poTOpe

pacnonolKeH

unoYK11UJfJ,

,06MoTKa 808-

6Y>K,lleHHH KOTOPOro nHTaeTCH nOCTOHHHlJIMTOKOM. C BHeWHHM

HCTOqHHKOM nOCTOHHHoro TOKa 06MOTKY B036Y>K,lleHHH (POTO-

pa) CO~HHHIOT nocpe)J.cTBOM KOHTaKTHlJIX Koneu H IUeroK.

llpH BpaIUeHHH pOTOpa C qaCTOTOH

c03)J.aHHlJIH ero 06MOT-

KOH MarHHTHhIH nOTOK

<1>0

nepeceKaeT npoBO)J.HHKH 06MOTKH

CTaTOpa, KOTOpaH Ha pHC. 12.1 nOKa3aHa COCp~OTOqeHHOA

(BCH ¢a3a, HanpHMep

A - X,

nelKHT B )J.ByX na3ax, C.l\BHHY-

TlJIX Ha yron 180

9n.)

H HH.l\YUHPYeT B HHX

a,Uc,

HanpaBJIeHH8

KOTOpoH Onpe.l\eJIHeTCH npaBHJIOM npaBoH pyKH, a qaCTOT8,

COrJI8CHO

(B.3),

fl=pn.

(12.1,a)

ECJ1H 06MOTKy CTaTOpa

{mroPR}

nO.l\KJIIOqHTb K Harpy3Ke,

ro noreqeT TOK

III

H B03HHKHeT BpaIUalOIUeecH MarHHTHoe none

(CM. n. 10.2), qaCTOT8 BpaIUeHHH KOTOporo, cornaCHO (10.5),

•••

flIp.

(12.1,6)

CpaBHHB ypaBHeHHH (12.1), BH.l\HM, ~o

nit

~-.mp

BP_~IUa:eTCHC TOH lKe qaCTOTOH, qro H MarHHTHo~none cTaropa.

n03TOMy-- paccMaTpHBaeMylO MawHHy Ha3hIBaIOT

CUHXpOHHOa.

PeaynbTHpYIOIUHH M8rHHTHblH nOTOK

<l>pea

B HeH C03.l\aeTCH

COBMecTHO 06MoTKaMH HH.l\YKTOpa (poTOpa) H HKOpH (craTOpa),

npHqeM 9TOT nOTOK BpaIUaeTCH B npocrpaHcTBe C qaCTOTOH

MO:H{HOnpe.l\CTaBHTb, qTO po-

'fOp CBH3aH ynpyrHMH MarHHT-

HhIMH CHnOBlJIMH nHHHHMH C

.BpaIUalOIUHMCH noneM cTaTOpa H

OHH - POTOP H none - B

yCTaHoBHBweMcH pelKHMe He·

,nO.l\BHlKHhI OTHOCHTeJIbHO )J.pyr

.l\pyra.

ECJIH 06MOTKY CTaTOpa no,lJ.-

.KJIlOqHTb K HanpHlKeHHIO qa-

CTOTOH

fl'

TO npoTeKalOIUHil: no

.00MOTKe TOK C03.l\acr, TaK lKe

KaK B aCHHxpoHHoil: MaWHHe,

BpaIUalOru.eecH MarHHTHoe none,

1J8CTOTaBpaIUeHHH KOTOporo Onpe)leJIHTCH no

(Il.I},

HJIH, 1JTO

0JlHO H TO )Ke, no

(12.1,

0).

B3aHMoJleikTBHe BpaIUaIOIUerOCH nOJIH CTaTOpa C TOKOM

B030y)K)leHHH

poTOpa npHBOJlHT K nOHBJIeHHIO 3JIeKTPoMar-

HHTHOro MOMeHTa

KOTOPblH npH pa60re MallIHHhI B )lBHra-

TeJIbHOM peJKHMe 0YJleT BpaIUaIOIUHM, a npH paoOTeB reHepa-

TOpHOM peJKHMe - TOPM03HhIM.

npH paaoMKHyTOH oOMoTKe cTaTopa (XOJIOCTO~ XOJl) Mar:

HHTHblH nOTOK B030Y)KJleHHH C03JlaeTCH pOTOpHOH OOMOTKOH

nOCTOHHHoro TOKa, n03TOMY caM POTOP HenOJlBH)KeH OTHOCH-

TeJIbHO MarHHTHoro nOJIH H BpaIUaeTCH CHHXpOHHO BMeCTe c

HHM JleaaBHCHMO OT MeXaHHtIecKoH Harpy3KH Ha BaJIy ()lBHra-

TeJIb) HJIH 3JIeKTpHtIecKOH Harpy3KH CTaTopa (reHepaTOp).

Ha30BeM

npoiJollbHotl Ma2HUmHotl OCblO

JIHHHIO, npOXOJlHlU)'IO

no OCH nOJIIOCOB, a

nOnepetlHotl -

JIHHHIO, npOXOJlHIUYIO tIepe3

ueHTp pOTopa nOJl yrJIOM

90°

3JI. K npOJlOJIbHOH OCH.

Ha pHC.

12.1

nOKa3aHO, lITO MafHHTHbIe CHJIOBbIe JIHHHH

cTaTOpa HanpaBJIeHbI no nOnepetIHOH MarHHTHOH OCH. PeaYJIb-

THpylOIUee noJIe yCHJIeHO Ha coeraIOIUeH tIaCTH nOJIIOca: Mar-

HHTHhle CHJIOBble JIHHHH pOTopa H CTaTOpa COBnaJlaIOT no

HanpaBJIeHHIO; Ha HaoeraIOIUeH tIaCTH nOJIlOCaMarHHTHble CHJIO-.

Bble JIHHHH pOTOpa H CTaTOpa HanpaBJIeHbI BCTpetIHO: peayJIb-

THpyIOIUee nOJIe OCJIa6JIeHO.

11.2.

KOHcTpyKTHBH •••e TNII ••• H yCTpc»iCTBO

CHHXpOHHWX MaWHH

Bce CHHxpoHHbIe MallIHHbI pa3JleJIHIOT no KOHCTpyKUHH po-

TOpa Ha JlBe rpynnbI:

RBHOnOlLlOCHble-

C HBHO BbIpa)KeHHblMH

nOJIlOCaMH H

HeRBHOnO/llOCHbl£ -

C HeHBHO Bblpa)KeHHbIMH no-

JIlOCaMH.

}/BHOnO/llOCHbltl pomop

(pHC.

12.2,

COCTOHTH3 MarHHTO-

npoBOJla

H nOJIIOCHbIX OOMOTOK B030Y)KJleHHH

MarHHTO-

npoBOJl tIaIUe Bcero BbIDOJIHHIOT B BHJle HaCa)KeHHOrO Ha BaJI

MallIHHbI nOJIIOCHoro KOJIeCa (pOTOpHOH 3BeaJlbI), Ha o60Jle

KOTOporo KpenHT llIHXTOBaHHbIe H3 JIHCTOBOHCTaJIH. H CTHHY-

Thle llInHJIbKaMH nOJIIOCbI.

HeRBHOnO/llOCHbltl pomop

COCTOHTH3 HaCa)KeHHOrO Ha BaJI

cTa.nbHoro KOBaHoro UHJIHHJlpa

C BbIeppeaepoBaHHbIMH Ha ero

nOBepxHoCTH npOJlOJIbHbIMH na3aMH, B KOTopbIe 3aKJIa)lbIBalOT

OOMOTKy B030Y:>KJleHHH

na3bI pa3MemaIOT paBHOMepHO TOJIb-

KO Ha

nOBepXHOCTH pOTopa, OCTaJIbHYIO tIaCTb ee 3aHHMalOT

ueHTpaJIbHbIe 3yOII.bI (nOJIIOCbI). npOBOJlHHKH OOMOTKH HaJleJK-

HO 3aKpenJIHIOT B na3ax HeMarHHTHbIMH KJIHHbHMH, a eeJIO-

OOBbIe tIaCTH - CTaJIbHbIMH oaHJla:>KHbIMH KOJIbuaMH.

HsraroBJIeRHe HBHono-

JIIOCHHIXporopoB 3HaqHTeJIb-

HO npome reXHOJIOrHtIecKH H

)lemeBJIe; OJlHaKO npH BhlCO-

KHX qaCTOTaX Bpam.eHHH Ha

porop JleHCTBYIOT OOJIbmHe

UeHTpoOeJKHble CHJIHI H no

YCJIOBHHM 06ecneqeHHH, Me-

XaHHQecKoH npOtIHOCTH Kpen-

PHC.

12.2.

¥CTPOHCTBO pOTOpOB JIB-

JIeHHH IIOJlIOCOBH HX 06MOTOK

HOnOJIIOCHOH (a) H HellBHOnOJIIOCHOH

(6)

CHHXpOHHblX MaWHH

npHMeHeHHe HBHOnOJIIOCHbIX

pOTOpoB CTaHOBHTCH HeB03M01KHhIM. n03TOMY npH

HJIH

3000

HJIH

1500

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HHIOT, KaK npaBHJIO, HeHBHOnOJIIOCHbIMH. npH

p ;;;:.,

3 (n ~

~ 1000

OO/MHH) - MallIHHhI HBHOnOJIIOCHbIe.

B noJIIOCHbIX HaKOHetIHHKaX pOTOpOB BbIllITaMnOBbIBalOT

KpyrJIbIe na3bI, B KOTOpbIX nOMemaIOT JIaryHHbIe Crep)KIIH,

3atdbIKaeMbIe no TOpuaM KOJIbuaMH. 8Ta oOMoTKa (THna

«6e-

JIB%Sl KJIeTKa») HBJIHeTCH

nycK080tl

y JlBHraTeJIeH H

yCnoKOU-

me/lbHOtl -

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cMaTpHBaeTCH HH1Ke. .

Ha BaJIy pOTOpa KaK HBHOnOJIIOCHbIX, TaK H HeHBHOnOJIIOC-

HhIX CHHXpOHHhlX MallIHH yCTaHaBJIHBaIOT KOHTaKTHbIe KOJIbUa,

K KOTOpblM npHCOeJlHHHIOT BbIBOJlbI OOMOTKH B030Y)K)leHHH.

KOJIbua HaJleJKHO H30JIHPYIOT 01' BaJIa MallIHHbl.

KOJIbuaMH

KOHTaKTHpyIOT 3aKpenJIeHHbIe B meTKOJlep1KaTeJISiX . meTKH.

SlBHOnOJIIOCHbIe CHHxpoHHbIe reHepaTOpbI npHMeHHIOTCH B

KatIecTBe THrOBbIX Ha TenJIOB03aX H KapbepHbIx 3J1eKTpOB03aX

CHCTOtIHHKaMH aBTOHOMHoro nHTaHHH ()lH3eJIb-reHepaTOpHaH

yC'I'aHOBKa).

. 06MoTKa B030y)K)leHHH pOTOpa MO)KeT nOJIYQaTb nHTaHHe

OT nOCTOpoHHero reHepaTOpa nOCTOHHHoro TOKa (B030YJlHTeJIH),

yc'taHaBJIHBaeMoro Ha BaJIy pOTopa CHHXpoHHOH MallIHHbI, HJIH

nH'raTbCH OT cOOcTBeHHoH OOMOTKHHKOpH (cTaTOpa) tIepea nOJIy-

npOBOJlHHKOBbIH BbInpHMHTeJIb. PeryJIHpOBallHe TOKa B030y1K-

JleHHH ocymecTBJIHeTCH aBTOMaTHtIeCKH CneUHaJIbHbIMH pery-

JIHTOpaMH. MOmHocTb, HeooxOJlHMaSl )lJIH B030y:>KJleHHSI, HeBe-

JIHKa H COCTaBJIHeT

0,5-5

MOmHOCTHCHHXpOHHOH MallIHHbI.

npHBeJleM BO BpameHHe B030Y)K)leHHbIH pOTOp, OCTaBHB

cTaTOpHyIO OOMOTKy pa30MKHyToH (XOJIOCTOH XOJl). nOKa ee

TOK

If!.

B reHepaTOpe Cym.ecTByeT JIHllIb

HHJlYKTOpa,

177

C03,!{aIOI.U.aHOCHOBHOH:MarHHTHblA nOTOK

<Do.

3TOT nOTOK HaBO-

,!{HT B HKOpe 3.lI.C

Eo,

onpe,!{eJIHeMYIO ypaBHeHHeM

(10.2).

ECJIH K cTaTOpy nO,!{KJII01JHTb Harpy3Ky, TO nOTe1JeT TOR

Ill;

B peayJIbTaTe B3aHMo,!{eHcTBHH M,lI.C HKOpH H HH,!{yKTOpa

B03HHKaeT peayJIbTHpyIOI.U.ee MarHHTHoe nOJIe (noTOK

<Dpes).

3m peayJIbTHpyIOI.U.ee nOJIe OTJIHtIaeTCH OT OCHOBHOro (npH

XOJIOCTOMxo,!{e) KaK no BeJIHtIHHe, TaK H no <PoPMe. n03TOMY

Bce napaMeTpbl, npHMo HJIH KOCBeHHO 3aBHCHI.U.HeOT MarHHT-

Horo nOJIH (HanpHMep, HaBO,!{HMaH B CTaTOpe 3.lI.c), TOJKe npe-

TepneBaIOT H3MeHeHHe. B03,!{eH:CTBHe nOJIH HKOpH (cTaTOpaJ.

Ha nOJIe nOJIIOCOB, KaK H y MaWHH nOCTOHHHoro TOKa, Ha3bI-

HaeTCH

peaK~uea JlKOpJl.

PaccMoTpHM ,!{eH:CTBHe peaKUHH HKOpH Ha npHMepe Tpex-

<Pa3Horo ,!{ByxnOJIIOCHOrO reHepaTopa. nOJIytIaeMbIe peayJIb-

TaTbI MOJKHO pacnpocTpaHHTb H Ha ,!{BHraTeJIbHbIH: peJKHM

paooTbI MaIIlHHbI • .lI.JIH npocToTbI Ha pHC.

12.3

H30opa3HM KaJK-

,!{yIO <Pa3Y OOMOTKH cTaTOpa B BH,!{e O,!{Horo BHTKa

(A - X,

B - Y, C - Z).

6yKBaMH

0OO3HatIHM nOJIHpHOCTb

nOJIIOCOB pOTOpa; MarHHTHbIe CHJIOBbIe JIHHHH BbIXO,!{HT H3

«ceaepHoro» nOJIIOCa H Ha p7IcyHKe He nOKa3aHbI.

npH

aIWZU8HOa

Harpy3Ke CHHxpOHHoro reHepaTOpa ero TOR

H 3.lI.C COBna,!{aIOT no <Pa3e, T. e. yrOJI MeJK,!{y HHMH

'\j)

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6y,!{~

HaBO,!{HTbCH H HaHOOJIbIIlaH 3.lI.C.

.l{JIH 9TOro POTOP ,!{OJIJKeH

pacnOJIaraTbCH TaK, tITOObl OCb nOJIIOCOBCOBna.n;aJIaCnJIOCKOCTbIO

BHTKa, H300paJKaIOI.U.erO ¢a3Y

(pHC.

12.3, a).

HanpaBJIeHHH TOKOB B 4>a3ax

A, B

JIerKO onpe.n;eJIHTb

no npaBHJIy npaBOH: pyKH, H OHH Ha pHC.

12.3, a

YKa3aHbI Kpec-

THKaMH H TOtIKaMH. npH TaKHX HanpaBJIeHHHX TaKOB B ¢a3aX

MarHHTHbIe JIHHHH nOJIH HKOpH (noToK

<D.)

HanpaBJIeHbI B.n;OJIb

nOnepetIHOH: MarHHTHoH OCH.

TaK KaK pOTOp H nOJIe HKOpH.

178

BpaDJ.8IOTCH CHHXpoHHO, TaKa9 OpHeHT8UHH nOTOKa coxpaHH-

eTCJI BCer.n;a.

3Ha1JHT, ecJIH Harpy3Ka aKTHBH8H H yrOJI '" -

TO peaK-

nHH HKOpH 6y,!{eT

nonepetUioa.

TaKaH peaKIlHH HKOpH, nOJl,Mar-

HH1JHBaH 0.l{HH KpaA nOJIIOCa H pa3MarHH1JHHaH .n;pyroA, HCKa-

:m:ae-r peaYJIbTHpYIOI.U.ee MarHHTHOe nOJIe B B03,!{yWHOM 3830pe

u:aWHHbI.

npH

'UlCmo uHiJy1WZU8Hoa

Harpy3Ke TOK OTCTaeT OT 3.lI.C Ha

yroJI '"

90°

H MaKCHMYM TOKa B <Pa3e

HacrynaeT Ha tIeT-

DepTh nepHO.n;a n03.n;Hee, Kor,!{a POTOP nOBepHeTCH Ha

90°

XO,!{Y tIaCOBOH:CTpeJIKH (PHC.

12.3, 6). A

TOKH B 4>a3ax CTaTopa

npH 9TOM coxpaHHT Te me 3HatIeHHH, 1JTO H B npe.n;bI,!{YI.U.eM

CJIY1Jae (CM. pHC.

12.1, a);

n09TOMY MarHHTHoe nOJIe HKOpH

coxpaHHT CBOe nOJIOJKeHHe B npocTpaHcTBe. KaK BH.n;HO H3

pHC.

12.3, 6,

nOJIe HKOpH HanpaBJIeHO Tenepb B,!{OJIb npo.n;OJIb-

HoA OCH nOJIIOCOB HaBCTpeqy OCHOBHOMy MarHHTHoMy nOTOKY.

TaKHM oopa30M, nQ.H HHuyKTHBHOA Ha

pY3Ke, Kor.n;a 'Ij>

90°,

HMeeT M.eCTQ.

npoooAbHO-P01!!!!:lleHUtf.UBaIOt¥Jl

peaKnHH HKOpH,

Q!:JIal).nglOIITaH noTOK UOJIIQCOB.

npH

tf.ucmo eMKOcmHOa

Harpy3Ke TOK onepeJKaeT 3.lI.C Ha

yroJI 'Ij>

-90°,

a MaKcHMyM TOKa B ¢a3e

HacTynaeT no

cpaBHeHHIO C tIHCTO aKTHBHOH: Harpy3KOH: Ha tIeTBepTb nepHo.n;a

paHbwe, Kor.n;a pOTOp eI.U.e He .n;OIIleJI Ha

90°

,!{o nOJIOJKeHHH,

nOKa3aHHoro Ha pHC.

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