Duiker W.J., Spielvogel J.J. The Essential World History. Volume 2: Since 1500

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840 INDEX

Speech to the Assembly (Atatürk), 597

Speech to the House of Commons

(Chamberlain), 621

Speech to the House of Commons

(Churchill), 621

Speer, Albert, 633

Spending: de cit, 583; in U.S., 705

Spengler, Oswald, 580

Spheres of in uence: in Americas, 341

Spice Islands (Moluccas), 339 (map), 344

Spices and spice trade, 335; European expansion

and, 337, 351; Islam and, 335–336; Portugal

and, 339–341; Southeast Asia and, 355

Spinning jenny, 465

Spirit of the Laws,  e (Montesquieu), 439

Sports, 502, 719, 764

Spratly Islands: China and, 684

Srebrenica, 701–702

Sri Lanka (Ceylon), 755

SS (Nazi guard squadrons), 619

Stalin, Joseph, 584, 617, 619–620, 634, 672;

China and, 654, 654; Cold War and, 650–651;

Khrushchev and, 673–674; at Potsdam, 638;

statues of, 657; at Tehran, 637; a er World

War II, 645; World War II and, 632; at Yalta,

638, 644, 644–645, 651

Stalingrad: battle at, 626, 628

Stamp Act (1765), 447

Standard of living: in China, 687; working

classes and, 501. See also speci c locations

Standard Oil: in Middle East, 598

Starry Messenger,  e (Galileo), 437

Starvation: in Africa, 727; Russian famine

and, 583, 620; in Vietnam, 631; in World

War I, 578

Star Wars (Strategic Defense Initiative), 666

State (nation): European (1871-1914), 482–486;

growth of power, 362; in Latin America, 445;

in precolonial Southeast Asia, 352–355. See

also speci c states

Steamboats, in U.S., 467

Steam engine, 465, 469

Steel, 470; in Latin America, 706; in Russia, 473,

620; in U.S., 498

Sterilization, in India, 754, 758

Stock market: in China, 687; in U.S. (1929),

581

Stonebreakers,  e (Courbet), 507, 507

Storytelling: in Africa, 731

Straits: of Magellan, 343 (map); of Malacca, 335

(map), 522

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. See SALT I

and II

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). See Star Wars

(Strategic Defense Initiative)

Stream of consciousness technique: in arts,

585–586

Streetcars, 471

Stresemann, Gustav, 581

Strikes: in France, 698, 710

Student protests: in China, 602; in France, 698,

710; in Mexico, 709; nationalist, 590–591; in

Tiananmen Square, 683–684; in U.S., 710

South African Republic (Transvaal), 529

South America, 341, 707 (map); Europeans in,

341–343, 345; liberation of, 492, 492–493. See

also Latin America; speci c countries

South Asia, 753–760. See also speci c

countries

Southeast Asia, 752–753, 761–767, 762 (map);

Catholicism in, 351–352; Cold War and,

761–762; colonization in, 520–525, 522

(map); economy in, 523–524; imperialism

in, 520–525, 545; Islam in, 335–336; Japan

and, 623–624; lifestyle in, 355–357, 765–766;

politics in, 766–767; precolonial, 352–355;

Soviets and, 658; in spice trade era, 351–357;

tensions in, 765; trade in, 355; women in,

355–357, 766; in World War II, 625, 631. See

also speci c countries

Southern Africa, 528–529; Dutch in, 346;

struggle for, 529 (map)

Southern Rhodesia, 532. See also Zimbabwe

South Korea, 654, 771–772, 771 (map). See also

Korea; Korean War

South Vietnam, 655–656, 660, 663

South West Africa, 572

South Yemen, 665

Soviets, in Russia, 576

Soviet Union: Afghanistan and, 665; Africa and,

600, 726; Arab-Israeli disputes and, 739; Asia

and, 600; Balkan region and, 645; Brezhnev

and, 674–676; capitalism in, 679; China and,

654, 654, 655; collapse of, 672, 678–680; Cuba

and, 658–659, 707; Eastern Europe and, 638,

645, 673 (map), 679–680, 680 (map); economy

in, 583, 620, 671–672, 673, 675–676, 678;

education in, 676–677; end of Cold War and,

666; Hitler and, 620; India and, 758; Jews in,

665; Khrushchev and, 672–674; Latin America

and, 707; missiles of, 657–658, 666; naming

of, 584; Nazi Germany and, 620, 622, 624,

626, 631; peaceful coexistence with West,

656; president of, 678; Russia a er, 702–703;

socialism in, 583–584; society in, 676–678;

Stalin in, 619–620;  ird World and, 658;

U.S. relations with, 663–666; women in, 620,

632–633, 672, 677, 713; World War II and,

628, 631–633, 636. See also Russia

Soviet Union (former), 672

Soyinka, Wole, 734–735

Space exploration, 660, 717

Spain: Bourbon dynasty in, 377; European

uni cation and, 703; exploration by,

341–342, 345 (map); in Grand Empire, 457;

immigration from, 496; industrialization in,

471; Latin America and, 445, 491; in New

World, 341–343, 342, 444; Ottoman Turks

and, 388; Southeast Asia and, 351;  irty

Years’ War and, 373; trade by, 443

Spanish-American War, 496, 521–522

Spanish Empire, 342–343, 345. See also

Americas; Spain

Spanish Netherlands, 370

Speech to the All-India Muslim League

(Iqbal), 597

Social Democratic Party (Germany), 699

Social insurance, 486

Socialism, 473; in Africa, 600, 727, 731;

vs. capitalism, 671; in China, 661, 681;

in Cuba, 707; in Czechoslovakia, 663; in

Eastern Europe, 657–658; in France, 698;

in India, 753–754; lifestyle and, 676–678; in

Middle East, 600; in North Vietnam, 762;

revolutionary, 475; in Soviet Union, 583–584,

661. See also Communism

“Socialist Creed” (Nehru), 754

Socialist parties, 474–475

Socialist realism: in China, 691–692

Socialists: in France, 583

Social Revolutionaries (Russia), 484

Social sciences, 440

Social security: in Britain, 699; in

Canada, 706

Social Security Act (U.S.), 583

Social welfare. See Welfare

Society: in Africa, 350–351, 532, 722–723, 731,

732–733; in Americas, 343–345, 444–447;

in Asia, 722–723; in China, 550–553, 604,

605, 686–690, 691, 691; in Cuba, 707–708;

European, 371–372, 443; in India, 399, 401,

403–404; Industrial Revolution and, 467–469;

in Iran, 741; in Japan, 426–428, 556–557, 561,

562, 605–608, 768, 769–771; in Korea, 431; in

Latin America, 445, 495–496; mass, 499–502;

in Middle East, 744–748; in 1920s, 584–586;

in Ottoman Empire, 391–392; in Pakistan,

756; Protestant Reformation and, 367; religion

and, 730, 730; Renaissance, 362–363; Russian,

676–678, 702; Safavid, 396–397; in Southeast

Asia, 352–357, 355–357; in Taiwan, 772;

in Tanzania, 727; in U.S., 498, 703–705; in

Western world, 709–714; in World War II,

631–635

Society of Jesus. See

Jesuits

Sofala, East Africa, 339, 346

Soil: in China, 688, 688

Soka Gakkai (Buddhist organization), 770

Soldiers: at Stalingrad, 628; in Vietnam War,

662; in World War I, 570–572, 572, 575, 578;

in World War II, 628, 633. See also Military;

speci c wars

Solidarity movement (Poland), 679

Solomon Islands, in World War II, 626

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 675, 676

Somalia, 665, 727, 730, 731

Somme River, battle at, 565

Somoza family (Nicaragua), 666

Song dynasty (China), 553

Songhai, 336, 337 (map), 350, 724

Song of Lawino (p’Bitek), 735

Sonni Ali (Songhai), 336

Sophia (Austria), 567

South (U.S.), 497–498, 498

South Africa, 350, 529, 728–729, 731; Boers

and, 346, 528–529, 530, 532, 533; British rule

in, 532; independence movement in, 724;

Westernization of, 723; Zulu resistance

in, 533

Index 841

 irty Years’ War, 373, 374 (map)

 ree People’s Principles (Sun Yat-sen), 603

 uggee, 518–519

Tiananmen Square (Beijing), 683; student

protests in, 683–684

Tianjin (Tientsin), Treaty of, 544

Tibet, 684; China and, 416, 545, 654,

684, 685

Timbuktu, 336

“Times  ey Are a-Changin,’  e” (Dylan), 712

Tito (Yugoslavia), 645, 646, 701

Tlaltelolco Square, Mexico: protests in, 709

Tobacco, 343, 392

Togo (Togoland), 351, 572

Tojo, Hideki, 635

Tokugawa shogunate (Japan), 422–430, 422

(map), 553; Tokugawa Ieyasu, 422, 423, 424

Toky o, 423, 425, 553, 554, 561; earthquake in

(1923), 608

Tokyo School of Fine Arts, 561

Toleration: in Mughal Empire, 399; Voltaire on,

439–440

Tombs: of Chiang Kai-shek, 773; Taj Mahal as,

401, 405

Tongmenhui. See Revolutionary Alliance

Tonkin, king of, 354

Topkapi Palace (Istanbul), 391, 393

Tordesillas, Treaty of, 341

Totalitarianism, 617–619

Total war, World War I as, 573

Touré, Sékou, 725

Tourism, 688, 766

Toussaint L’Ouverture, Pierre Dominique, 454,

490, 490–491

Towns. See Cities and towns; Villages

Toynbee, Arnold, 566

Toyotomi Hideyoshi (Japan), 422, 423, 424,

425, 432

Trade: African, 725–726; in American products,

343; Canada-U.S., 706; in China, 411–412,

413 (map), 415, 416–418, 540–541; European,

337, 443, 703; French, 377; in Great

Depression, 581; in India, 399, 401; Islamic,

335–336; Japanese, 423, 424, 424, 553;

mercantilist, 373; Portuguese, 339; Safavid,

396–397; in Southeast Asia, 355; trans-

Saharan, 336; U.S.-Cuba, 707; worldwide,

357 (map), 471–472. See also Silk Road; Slave

trade; Spices and spice trade; speci c countries

and regions

Trade unions, 473, 483, 618. See also Labor

unions

Trade winds, 340 (map)

Transistors, 716

Trans-Jordan. See Jordan

Transportation: in Africa, 724; in China, 550;

in India, 400, 519; power for, 471; steamboats

as, 467; technology and, 717. See also speci c

types

Trans-Saharan trade, 336

Trans-Siberian Railway, 559

Transvaal, 529, 530, 531, 532

Transylvania, 378, 392

Tamerlane, 394, 398

Tamil rebels, 755

Tanganyika, 530, 724. See also Tanzania;

Zanzibar

Tannenberg, Battle of, 568

Tanzania, 351, 724, 725, 727. See also

Tanganyika; Zanzibar

Taoism. See Daoism

Tari s: in EEC, 703; Japan and, 616–617

Taxation: in China, 688; in England, 700; in

Europe, 443; in France, 450; in India, 399,

403; in Japan, 556; in Ottoman Empire, 389;

in U.S., 498

Teaching, 502

Team sports, 502

Technocratic society, 710

Technology: in China, 418–419, 550, 686; in

cotton industry, 426; in India, 519, 756, 758;

industrialization and, 717; in Industrial

Revolution, 465–467; in Japan, 560; mass

leisure and, 502; military, 386, 387, 530; in

Ottoman Empire, 392; Scienti c Revolution

and, 438; a er World War II, 716–718; before

World War II, 617. See also Sciences

Tehran, 596

Tehran Conference, 637, 673

Telephone, 471

Telescope, 436–437, 438

Television, 718, 719

Temple Mount (Jerusalem), 740

Temple of Heaven (Beijing), 414

Tenant farmers: in Japan, 426

Tennyson, Alfred (Lord), 500–501

Terror,  e (France), 454

Terrorism: in Bali, 714; coalition against, 700;

in Europe, 713; in India, 756, 757; in Iran,

741; Islamic, 737; in Israel, 738; in Nazi

Germany, 619; in U.S., 666, 667, 705,

713–714, 714

Tetzel, Johann, 364

Textbooks: in Japan, 768

Textiles and textile industry, 466; in Britain, 465,

467; child labor in, 469; in India, 403, 467,

519; in Japan, 557; in Ottoman Empire, 394;

Safavid, 397; workers in, 469. See also Cotton;

Silk and silk industry

 ailand, 351, 765; development in, 764;

government of, 761, 763; imperialism and,

521; West and, 516; women in, 766

 akin, in Burma, 591

 atcher, Margaret, 699–700, 701

 eater. See Drama

 eater of the Absurd, 715

 eology. See Religion

 ings Fall Apart (Achebe), 734

 ird Coalition, Napoleonic wars and, 457

 ird estate, 362–363, 450, 451

 ird Republic (France), 484

 ird Wave, 717

 ird World, 658, 665, 666

 irteenth Amendment (U.S.), 498

 irty-Six Views of Mount Fuji (Hokusai),

430

Stupas, 355

Sublime Porte (grand vezir), 393

Submarine warfare: in World War I, 573

Sub-Saharan Africa. See Africa; speci c

countries

Subsistence farming, in Africa, 723

Sudan, 727, 731; Egypt and, 526; European

imperialism and, 530–531; slavery and, 732

Sudetenland, 621–622

Suez Canal, 526, 526 (map), 527, 738

Su rage: universal male, 452; in U.S., 497.