Edwards Betty. The New Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain

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Fig. 11-15. Odilon Redon (1840-19161, Head of a Young Girl. Pastel on blue-gray laid paper. 20+5/8 x 14+7/8. The Fogg

Art Museum, Harvard.

Exercise: See page 243 for an exercise based on this exceptional drawing.

Fig. 11-16. Student Gary Berberet, Sell-Portrait. Pastel on gray paper. 18 x 24".

Exercise: Try an intense, close-up self-portrait in pastel on colored paper. Remember that you always

have an available model-yourself. The addition of props such as hats can stimulate interest in each

new self-portrait.

Fig. 11-17. Student Laura Wright, Umbrella

Still Lite. A monochromatic color harmony

based on varying values and intensities of

orange.

Exercise: Construct a still life with some

randomly chosen objects. Do a negative-

space drawing on colored paper (or do a

preliminary drawing and transfer it to

colored paper, using carbon paper).

Choose colored pencils that are variations

of one hue, the hue of the colored paper.

Fig. 11-18. Student Ken Ludwig, Large Stuffed

Eagle. Rubbed pastel on white paper with

pen and black ink. 18 x 24".

A few analogous colors can produce a

surprising range of harmonious hues. Strong

contrast is supplied by the black ink and

white paper.

Exercise: Draw an animal or bird from life,

if possible, or from photographs. (Habitat

groups at natural history museums are

wonderful as models-they hold very still.)

Rub analogous hues of colored chalk into

white paper and draw with pen and ink.

Fig. 11-19. Piet Mondrian, RedAmarylis with Blue Background (c. 1907). Watercolor. 18+3/8x 13". The Museum of

Modern Art, New York. The Sidney and Harriet Janis Collection.

Exercise: Prismacolor watercolor pencils convert to watercolor when dampened with a wet brush. Using

these pencils, try a "portrait" of a flower or plant, paying attention to negative space and using contrasting

colors, guided by the superb drawing above.

Fig. 11-20. David Hockney, Celia in a Black Dress with White Flowers, 1972. Crayon on paper. 17 x 14". Collection of the artist.

Exercise: Try a half-length or full-length portrait or self-portrait in colored pencil on white paper. Place an object or objects in front

of the figure and use negative space to delineate the space between. Three distances are described: from the artist's eyes to the

objects to the figure.

Fig. 11-21. Paul Gauguin, Tahitian Woman. Pastel on paper.

21+5/8x19+1/2. The Brooklyn Museum, New York.

Exercise: Combine warm and cool hues in a pastel drawing.

Fig. 11-22. Student Thu Ha Huyung, Girl in a Flowered Hat.

Colored pencil on yellow paper. 18 x 24".

Exercise: For a colorful drawing, try a portrait using two sets

of complements and black and white on colored paper.

Fig. 11-23. Hans Baldung Grien, Self-Portrait(1502).

Offentliche Kunstsammlung, Kupferstichkabinett Basel.

Exercise: This drawing combines three-quarter view and

full-face in one drawing, with strangely intriguing results.

You might deliberately try this distortion as a step into more

abstract portraiture.

Fig. 11-24. Student drawing. The Arrow Hotel. Negative space

and contrasting colors transform an urban scene.

Exercise: See page 240 for suggestions on drawing an urban

landscape.

mostly indiscriminate? Or is purpose and meaning still sublimi-

nally inherent in color as a remnant of our biological heritage? Is

the pencil I write with painted yellow for a purpose? Did I choose

to wear blue today for a reason?

And what is color? Is it merely, as scientists tell us, a subjective

experience, a mental sensation that can only occur if three

requirements are fulfilled: that there is an observer, an object, and

sufficient light in the narrow band of wavelengths called the "visi-

ble spectrum"? It certainly is true that at twilight the world turns

to shades of gray. Is the world really colorless, only seeming to

become full of color again when we turn the lights on?

If color is a mental sensation, how does it happen? Scientists

tell us that when light falls on an object—for example, an

orange—the surface of the orange has the particular property of

absorbing all the wavelengths of the spectrum except that which,

when reflected back to our eyes and processed through the visual

system, causes the mental sensation we have named the color

"orange." My writing pencil is coated with a chemical substance

(paint) that absorbs all wavelengths except that which, when refl-

ected back to my eyes, is "yellow." Is the orange really orange? Is

the pencil really yellow? We cannot know, because we cannot get

outside of our own eye/brain/mind system to find out. What we

do know is that when the sun goes down, color disappears.

Placing color in the brain

Given sufficient light to perceive colors, scientists also tell us that

the brain's reaction to colors seems to depend on the differences

in thinking modes of the various sections of the brain.

Very bright, intense colors (and colors that shine and glitter)

draw a response from the so-called "primitive" brain, the limbic

system. This response is an emotional one, perhaps connected to

our biological heritage of color as communication. For example,

many people say, "When I get mad, I see red!" The inverse of this

exclamation perhaps describes the situation whereby an intense

red elicits an emotional, aggressive response.

The main role of L-mode, generally located in the left hemi-

sphere, is to tag colors with names and attributes, such as "bright

In the Middle Ages, color was used

in heraldry, the practice of design-

ing the insignia for armor that

"heralded" or announced the

wearer's status, family connections,

and history as a warrior.

Color helped to carry the message

of the design:

White = fate and purity

Gold = honor

Red = courage and zeal

Blue = purity and sincerity

Green = youth and fertility

Black = grief and penitence

Orange = strength and endurance

Purple = royalty and high birth

The limbic system is a group of

structures, as yet incompletely

defined, that generally includes

areas deep in the brain. These

areas are transitional in structure

between the "new" cortex and

older portions such as the olfac-

tory brain. Scientists believe that

the limbic system is involved in

patterns of strong emotions.

— H. B. English and

Ava C. English

A Comprehensive Dictio-

nary of Psychological and

Psychoanalytical Terms,

1974

DRAWING ON THE BEAUTY OF COLOR 231

"In my own case the sight of vivid

blue has always been accompanied

by an emotion of vague delight.

And in one experience of travel,

this feeling rose into ecstasy. It was

when I beheld for the first time the

grandest vision of blue in this

world the glory of the Gulf Stream;

a magical splendor that made me

doubt my senses—a flaming azure

that looked as if a million summer

skies had been condensed into

pure fluid color for the making of

it."

— Lafcadio Hearn

Exotics and Retrospectives,

1968

"He knows all about art, but he

doesn't know what he likes."

W. Thurber and Rosemary

Thurber Sauers.

blue," "lemon yellow," or "burnt umber," and to translate into

words our emotional reactions to colors. (As an example, read in

the marginal note how the Irish-Greek writer Lafcadio Hearn

translated into words his emotional reactions to the color blue.)

Additionally, L-mode is specialized for designating sequenced

steps in mixing colors—for example, "to mix orange, add yellow

to red," or "to darken blue, add black."

The right hemisphere (or R-mode) is specialized for the per-

ception of relationships of hues, particularly for subtle linkages of

one hue to another. R-mode is biased toward discovering patterns

of coherence, specifically toward combinations of hues that bal-

ance opposites—for example, red/green, blue/orange, dark/

light, dull/bright.

In his 1976 essay "The Dialectics of Color," Dr. Peter Smith

states: "Since the right hemisphere has a strong interest in the

way things fit together to form a closed system, it may be said to

be a decisive factor in the esthetic response." This closed system

may be what artists speak of as unified, harmonious color—that

is, color in relationships that are locked into balance. Perhaps R-

mode recognizes the satisfying wholeness of properly unified

color and reacts with a pleasurable sense of "Yes. That's it. That's

right."

The converse is also true: R-mode recognizes unbalanced or

disunified color arrangements and perhaps longs for unity and

the missing parts of the closed system. An individual may experi-

ence this longing as vague dislike—a sense that something is

missing or out of place.

R-mode has another important role in color: seeing which

combination of colors has produced a particular color. Given a

range of grays, for example, R-mode sees which one is warmed

with red, which is cooled with blue.

Learning the basics of color

Nearly everyone is interested in color, yet most people have sur-

prisingly little comprehensive knowledge about it. We often take

it for granted that we know enough about color to know what we

232

THE NEW DRAWING ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE BRAIN

black

white

ultramarine blue

Copenhagen blue

dark green

canary yellow

scarlet red

magenta

vermilion

violet

slate gray

sand

warm gray light

warm gray medium

cream

orange

"Perhaps the most important point I

can make is that you are not to

think of painting as something sep-

arate from drawing."

— Kimon Nicolaides

The Natural Way to Draw,

1941

Some basic information about

color:

The three main attributes of color

are:

hue

value

intensity

Hue is simply the name of the color.

This is the L-mode attribute.

Value is the lightness or darkness of

a hue, relative to the value scale.

Value is an R-mode attribute.

Intensity is the brightness or dull-

ness of a hue, relative to the utmost

brightness available in pigments—

generally color straight out of the

tube. Intensity is an R-mode

attribute.

To balance color, remember the

following:

Every hue has its complement.

For every hue of a given intensity,

there is the same hue at the oppo-

site intensity.

For every hue of a given value,

there is the same hue at the oppo-

site value.

DRAWING ON THE BEAUTY OF COLOR

233

sienna brown

dark brown

sepia

burnt umber

yellow ochre

lemon yellow

flesh

olive green

like, and we feel that's sufficient. Yet knowing something of the

enormous body of knowledge about color increases pleasure in

color, as in almost every subject. In the following pages, you will

add a few color skills to your newly acquired basic perceptual

skills of drawing.

Something odd happens when a student of drawing begins to

add color to the gray, black, and white of drawing. No matter how

satiated by our modern color-loaded surroundings, students

focus on color as though seeing it for the first time, almost with

the naive pleasure of children. And color in drawing does indeed

add a tremendous emotional charge to drawing. For an example

of this, compare Edgar Degas's drawing of the ballet dancer on

pink paper (Figure 11-6) with the almost identical Degas drawing

on page 157 of Chapter Eight. But I must caution you: I am not

saying that color makes a drawing better. It doesn't. Color

changes drawing, adding an element of drama and verve that

moves it closer to painting.

For the basic exercises described in this chapter, you will

need to buy a few new drawing supplies. I will add to the list of

supplies as each technique is introduced.

First, buy a set of colored pencils. "Prismacolor" is a good

brand, but there are many others. Prismacolor offers a complete

set of sixty pencils, or you can buy individual colors. I suggest the

following:

Also, buy six sheets of colored paper at least 9" x 12" or larger.

Construction paper is fine, or you may prefer another type of

paper. Any colored paper that is not too smooth or shiny will do.

Avoid bright, intense colors. Choose instead soft green, gray,

sand, blue, brown, or, as in Degas's dancer, soft pink. You will

need a plastic eraser and a kneaded eraser. Buy a hand-held pen-

cil sharpener, or a small knife if you prefer to hand-sharpen your

pencils.

A wheel of color

Starting with rock-bottom basics, make a color wheel. The

thought of this probably takes you right back to sixth grade, but

let me assure you that some of the best minds in human history

have delved into color wheels—for example, the great English

Fig. 11-1. For the arrangement

of colors, see Fig. 11-2.

THE NEW DRAWING ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE BRAIN

234

Fig.

11-2.