344 Index
Tancheng earthquake (China) 253
Tangkubanparahu volcano (Java)
249
Tango earthquake (Japan) 253–254
Tangshan earthquake (China) 254,
254–255, 255
Tanzania
Kilimanjaro, Mount 137
Land of the Giant Craters 144,
180
Ngorongoro volcano 180
Tao-Rusyr caldera (Kuril Islands) 255
Tarawera volcano (New Zealand)
255–256
Tarumai volcano (Japan) 256
Tauhara volcano (New Zealand) 256
Taupo caldera (New Zealand) 256
Taupo Fault Zone (New Zealand) 256
Tavurvur (New Guinea) 211–212
Taylor, Frank Bursley 283
tectonic escape. See extrusion tectonics
(escape tectonics)
tectonics 256
teleseismic arrival 256
teletsunamis 256
Tengger caldera (Java) 256–257
Tennessee (United States) 177, 257
tension 257
tephra 257
terranes 257
Terror, Mount (Antarctica) 76
tetrahedra molecules 241
Texas (United States) 257–258
Thailand
Banda Aceh earthquake and
tsunamis 25
Thera. See Thira
thermal gradient 258
Thira volcano (Santorini, Thera) 19–
20, 229–230, 230, 258
tholeiite 258
Thompson, Assistant Purser 307
Three Rivers earthquake (Quebec)
258
Three Sisters volcano (Oregon) 258
thrust faults 163, 258
tidal waves 259
Tien-Chi caldera (China) 23, 259
tilt (inclination) measurements 18
tistrons 116
Toba caldera (Sumatra) 259
Tofua volcano island (Tonga) 259
Tokachi volcanic dome (Japan) 63,
259
Tokai. See Kanto earthquake (Japan)
Tokaido earthquake and tsunami
(Japan) 259
Tokyo (Japan) 75, 259–260
Tolbachik volcano (Kamchatka) 260
Toledo caldera (New Mexico) 260
Toliman volcano (Guatemala) 19
Tomboro. See Tambora volcano (Java)
tomography 260
Tompaluan crater (Sulawesi [Celebes])
260
Tonga Islands
Falcon Island (Fonua Foo) 83
Metis Shoal volcano 164
Niuafo’ou Island 182
Tofua volcano island 259
Tongariro (New Zealand) 260
topographic maps 55
topographic monitoring 260
Torfajökull volcano (Iceland) 260–
261
Toribio earthquake (Japan) 261
Towada caldera (Japan) 261
Tower Peak volcano (Vanuatu) 9
Toya caldera (Japan) 261
T-phase 261
trachyte 261
trajectory 261
transcurrent faults. See strike-slip
faults
transform boundaries (transform
faults, transform margins) xi–xii,
90, 202, 203, 203m, 204, 261, 262
transition zones 261
Transverse Ranges (California) 261
tremors 263
Trident, Mount (Alaska) 263
tridymite 209
triple junctions 263, 263m
Tristan de Cunha volcanic island
group 263
Truman, Harry 224
tsunamigenic processes 265
tsunamis 263–265, 264, 265
California 41
Deep Ocean Assessment and
Reporting of Tsunamis program
(DART) 66, 67, 192
megatsunamis 163
methane and 164
Pacific Tsunami Warning System
(PTWS) 191–192, 265
run-up 221
teletsunamis 256
T-phase 261
Tubuai Islands and Seamounts 157
tuff 265
ashfall tuff 16
ash-flow tuff 16
Bandelier Tuff 26
Bishop Tuff 30
Fisher Canyon Tuff 52
Huckleberry Ridge Tuff 289
Lava Creek Tuff 289
TufoVerde (Green Tuff) 122
welded tuff 283
Young Toba Tuff 259
tuff cones (maars) 157
TufoVerde (Green Tuff) 122
Tulik volcano (Aleutian Islands) 188
Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador) 265
turbidite 265
turbidity currents (submarine
landslides) 265–266
Turkey 266, 266, 266m
Adana earthquake 1
Anatolia earthquake 10
Antioch earthquake 12
Arabian crustal plate 13
Bolu-Duzce earthquake 32
Denizli earthquake 68
Dinar earthquake 70
Erzincan earthquake 78
Istanbul (Constantinople)
earthquakes 123
Izmir earthquake 124
Izmit earthquake 124
Muadiye earthquake 170–171
Turkmenistan
Ashgabat earthquake 16
Tuscarora Deep 229
Tuvio volcano (Vanuatu) 9
tuyas 266
Twain, Mark 228
U
Ubehebe Crater (California) 65
ultramafic rocks 267
Unimak Island (Aleutian Islands) 87,
240, 240, 283
United States 182, 183, 267–268. See
also specific states
Basin and Range Province 27
Bishop Tuff 30
Cascade Mountains 43, 44m
Colorado Plateau 52–53
Columbia Plateau 53
earthquake risk in 234m, 267–
268
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