259. Ebbesen TW and Ajayan PM. Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes. Nature
1992;358:220222.
260. Chiang M, et al. Electron field emission properties of pulsed laser deposited carbon
films containing carbon nanotubes. J Vac Sci Technol 2001;19(3):10341039.
261. Guillard T, et al. Scale up of a solar reactor for fullerene and nanotube synthesis. J
Sol Energy Eng 2002;124:2227.
262. Bilodeau JF, Alexakis T, Meuniery JL, Tzantrizosz PG. Model of the synthesis of
fullerenes by the plasma torch dissociation of C
2
Cl
4
. J Phys D: Appl Phys 1997;
30:24032410.
263. Kroto HW, Heath JR, Brien SC, Curl RF, Smalley RE. C
60
: buckminsterfullerene.
Nature 1985;318:162165.
264. Kratschmer W, Lamb LD, Fostiropoulos K, Huffman DR. Solid C
60
: a new form
of carbon. Nature 1990;347:354357.
265. Chuanchen S, Haibin G, Dufei F. Extraction of C
60
cluster ion beam. Rev Sci
Instrum 1994;65:14051409.
266. Sinha N and Yeow JW. Carbon nanotubes for biomedical applications. IEEE
Trans Nanobiosci 2005;4(2):180195.
267. Dyke CA, Stewart MP, Tour JM. Separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes
on silica gel: materials morphology and Raman excitation wavelength affect data
interpretation. J Am Chem Soc 2005;127:44974509.
268. Georgakilas V, et al. Purification of HiPCO carbon nanotubes via organic
functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2002;124:1431814319.
269. Zhao B, et al. Chromatographic purification and properties of soluble single-
walled carbon nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2001;123:1167311677.
270. Niyogi S, et al. Chromatographic purification of soluble single-walled carbon
nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2001;123:733734.
271. Shvedova AA, Castranova V. Exposure to carbon nanotube material: assessment
of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells. J Toxicol Environ Health
2003;66(20):19091926.
272. Riviere NA, Nemanich RJ, Inman AO, Wang YY, Riviere JE. Multi-walled
carbon nanotube interactions with human epidermal keratinocytes. Toxicol Lett
2005;155(3):377384.
273. Lam C, James JT, McCluskey R, Hunter R. Pulmonary toxicity of single-wall
carbon nanotubes in mice 7 and 90 days after intratracheal instillation. Toxicol Sci
2004;77(1):126134.
274. Warheit DB, et al. Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessment of single-wall
carbon nanotubes in rats. Toxicol Sci 2004;77(1):117125.
275. Huczko A, Lange H, Bystrzejewski M, Baranowski. Pulmonary toxicity of 1-D
nanocarbon materials. Fullerenes Nanotubes Carbon Nanostruct 2005;13(2):
141145.
276. Mu
¨
ller J, et al. Respiratory toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Toxicol App
Pharmacol 2005;207(3):221231.
277. Garibaldi S, Brunelli C, Bavastrello V, Ghigliotti G, Nicolini C. Carbon nanotube
biocompatibility with cardiac muscle cells. Nanotechnology 2006;17:391397.
278. Bianco A, et al. Applications of carbon nanotubes in drug delivery. Curr Opin
Chem Biol 2005;9:674679.
DEVELOPMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES FOR DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATIONS 197