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2. ɊɋȻɅɍɃɒɀɌɅɃɀ ɂȻɈɚɍɃɚ

2.1. Ɍɝɩɤɬɭɝɛ ɡɣɟɥɩɬɭɠɤ

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ

ɩɨɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɞ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 500 ɦɦ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 1 ɤɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜ-

ɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ 5·10

ɉɚ. ȼɨɞɨɜɨɞ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ ɤ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹɦ

ɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. Ⱦɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨ-

ɜɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0.492 ɦ

2. ȼ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ (ɤɨɬɟɥ, ɪɚɞɢɚɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ) ɧɟ-

ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ 0.4 ɦ

. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢ-

ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɣɞɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɭɞ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɫ 20 ɞɨ 90 °ɋ?

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0.014 ɦ

3. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɫɠɚɬɢɢ ɨɬ ɞɚɜɥɟ-

ɧɢɹ 1·10

ɉɚ ɞɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ 1·10

ɉɚ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 1.005.

4. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ

ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ

ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɟɟ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚ-

ɪɵ, ɫɨɨɛɳɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɫ-

ɲɢɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ. Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢ-

ɦɨɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɬɨɩɤɢ

ǻ = 95–70 = 25°ɋ. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ

ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ 0.55 ɦ

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 8.3 ɥ.

5. ȼ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ 50 ɦ

ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ-

ɬɭɪɟ 70°ɋ. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɟ ɜɨ-

ɞɵ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 90°ɋ?

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 50.6 ɦ

6. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɟɟ ɨɬ

ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ7°ɋ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 97°ɋ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0.964.

7. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɚɩɥɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 0.001 ɦ, ɤɨ-

ɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɫɢɥɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɵ –

20°ɋ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 292 ɉɚ.

8. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ Ⱥ76, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɤɪɭ-

ɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹ ɫ 20 ɞɨ 70°ɋ?

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 3 %.

9. ɇɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɩɢɪɬɚ

ɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ 10°ɋ?

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0.15 %, 1.1 %, 0.6 %.

2.2. ɉɬɨɩɝɨɩɠ ɮɫɛɝɨɠɨɣɠ ɞɣɟɫɩɬɭɛɭɣɥɣ

Ⱦɜɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ ɫɨ-

ɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 900 ɤɝ/ɦ

ɢ ɜɨɞɭ

ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

. ȼɵɫɨɬɵ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ,

ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ:

= 0,2 ɦ; h

ɪɬ

= 0,4 ɦ; h

= 0,9 ɦ. Ɂɧɚɹ, ɱɬɨ

ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɢ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ Ⱥ ɪɚɜɧɨ 0,6·10

ɉɚ,

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ȼ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 1,063·10

ɉɚ.

2. Ʉ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɜɚɤɭ-

ɭɦɦɟɬɪ ɫ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ

h = 0,42 ɦ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɪɲɧɟɦ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0,412·10

ɉɚ.

3. ɋɨɫɭɞ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɤɨɧɭɫɚ ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ D, ɩɟɪɟ-

ɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ

d (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). ȼ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ

ɩɨɪɲɟɧɶ ɫ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ G = 3000 ɇ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ: D = 1 ɦ; d = 0,5 ɦ;

h = 2 ɦ; ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟ-

ɦɨɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 27396 ɇ.

ȼɨɞɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ȡ

= 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ-

ɫɬɶɸ

= 800 ɤɝ/ɦ

, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ, ɫɠɢɦɚɸɬ ɜɨɡ-

ɞɭɯ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ

(ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɦɢɧɟ-

ɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ

= 0,3 ɦ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ

ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ U-ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɬɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ

= 0,4 ɦ.

Ɋɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɜɵɫɨɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ ɢ ɪɬɭɬ-

ɧɨɦ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɟ

h = 0,4 ɦ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ

ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 46107 ɇ/ɦ

5. ɂɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɪɟɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ U-

ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɤɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ

, z

ɟɫɥɢ

– z

= 0,2 ɦ; z

+ z

= 1 ɦ; z

+ z

= 0,1 ɦ; ȡ

= 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

; ȡ

= 13

600 ɤɝ/ɦ

; ȡ

= 700 ɤɝ/ɦ

Ɉɬɜɟɬ:

= 0,69 ɦ; z

= 0,49 ɦ; z

= 0,51 ɦ; z

3 =

0,61 ɦ.

6. ɇɟɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ȡ

, ȡ

ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ

ɫɨɫɭɞɟ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɭ-

ɞɚ

ɢɡɛ

, ɟɫɥɢ ȡ

= 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

; ȡ

= 850 ɤɝ/ɦ

; ȡ

= 760 ɤɝ/ɦ

; h

= 1 ɦ; h

= 3

ɦ;

= 6 ɦ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ:

= 0,69 ɦ; z

= 0,49 ɦ; z

= 0,51 ɦ; z

3 =

0,61 ɦ.

Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟ-

ɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɦɢ, ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɦ (ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ), ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɚ ɫ

ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ, ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɦ (

) ɢ

ɪɬɭɬɶɸ (

). Ɂɧɚɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚɞ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ

ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ

ɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪ

ɜɨɡɞ

= 2,5·10

ɇ/ɦ

;

= 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

; ȡ

= 800 ɤɝ/ɦ

; ȡ

= 13 600 ɤɝ/ɦ

; h

= 200 ɦɦ; h

= 250 ɦɦ;

h = 0,5 ɦ; g = 10 ɦ/ɫ

(ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ).

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: – 2,76·10

ɇ/ɦ

8. Ⱦɜɨɣɧɚɹ U-ɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɤɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ

ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ

ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ

, ɟɫɥɢ

= 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

; h

= 0,8 ɦ; h

2 =

0,65 ɫɦ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 1230 ɤɝ/ɦ

9. Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢ-

ɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ

Ɇ, ɟɫɥɢ h = 2 ɦ; z = 3,5

ɦ;

ȡ = 850 ɤɝ/ɦ

; ɪ

ɚɬɦ

= 10

ɉɚ; g = 10 ɦ/ɫ

(ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ).

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0,1275·10

ɉɚ.

10. ɋɨɫɭɞ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɞɜɟ ɧɟɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɹ-

ɦɢ

ɢ ȡ

(ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɞ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ

ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ, ɟɫ-

ɥɢ

= 102 ɇ/ɦ

; ȡ

= 890 ɤɝ/ɦ3; ȡ

= 1280 ɤɝ/ɦ3; h

= 2,1 ɦ; h

= 2,9 ɦ;

g = 10 ɦ/ɫ

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 55912 ɇ/ɦ

11. ȼ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɜɟ ɧɟɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ

ɢ ȡ

. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨ-

ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ

, ɢ H

ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ 0–

0 (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ), ɟɫɥɢ

= 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

; ȡ

= 1200 ɤɝ/ɦ

; h = 11 ɫɦ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ:

= 0,66 ɦ; H

= 0,55 ɦ.

12. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɫɨ-

ɫɭɞɟ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɶɟɡɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɟɫɥɢ

D = 0,4 ɦ; ɚ = 0,5

ɦ;

b = 1,6 ɦ; ȡ

= 840 ɤɝ/ɦ

; ȡ

= 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

; g = 10 ɦ/ɫ

(ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ).

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0,06 ɦ

13. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ h = 1 ɦ ɨɬ

ɞɧɢɳɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ,

= 5 ɇ/ɫɦ

. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ-

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ

ɇ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ), ɟɫɥɢ ȡ

= 850 ɤɝ/ɦ

; g ~ 10 ɦ/ɫ

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 6,88 ɦ.

14. Ⱦɜɚ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɜɨɞɭ. ɋɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ

ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ 0–0 ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ

= 1 ɦ ɢ h

= 1,8 ɦ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɪ

= 1,2·10

ɇ/ɦ

ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɪɬɭɬɢ ɜ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɟ ǻ

h = 200 ɦɦ.

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 6,86·10

ɇ/ɦ

15. Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɤ ɩɨɪɲɧɸ 2, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɬɶ

ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ

ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɲɟɧɶ 1 ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ d (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ),

ɟɫɥɢ

= 147 ɇ; D = 300 ɦɦ; d = 50 ɦɦ; h = 300 ɦɦ; ȡ

= 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

;

g = 10 ɦ/ɫ

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 5080 ɇ.

16. Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɤ ɩɨɪɲɧɹɦ A ɢ ȼ ɞɥɹ ɭɪɚɜ-

ɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɪɲɧɟɣ

Ⱥ, ȼ, ɋ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ), ɟɫɥɢ h = 80 ɫɦ; D = 40

ɫɦ;

d = 5 ɫɦ; Ɋ

= 72,64 ɇ; ȡ = 103 ɤɝ/ɦ3; g = 10 ɦ/ɫ

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 5651,2 ɇ.

17. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɬɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ

ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɜɨɞɵ (

= 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

). Ɇɚɧɨɦɟɬɪ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ

ɢɡ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ (ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɲɥɚɧɝ) ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɹɝɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ,

ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ

ɚ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). ɇɚɣɬɢ ɜɟ-

ɥɢɱɢɧɭ ǻ

h – ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ h ɪɬɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: ǻ

h = ɚ/12,6.

18. Ƚɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ

ɜɨɞɭ (

= 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

). ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚ-

ɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɪɬɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ (

ɪɬ

= 13 600

ɤɝ/ɦ

) z

– 500 ɦɦ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨ-

ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ ɢ ɩɶɟɡɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ z

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: z

= 0,68 ɦ.

19. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɲɧɹ ɜɟɫɨɦ G ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ

ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɢɥɵ

Ɋ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɶɟɡɨɦɟɬɪɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɯ