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3. Ʌɨɞɤɚ ɩɥɵɜɟɬ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɟ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟ-

ɧɢɹ

ɇ. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ (ɦɚɫɫɨɣ 67,5 ɤɝ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ

ɥɨɞɤɟ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɨɞɤɢ

ȡ = 700 ɤɝ/ɦ

); h = 0,3 ɦ; ɚ = 0,3 ɦ; b = 5 ɦ?

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0,7 ɦ, 6 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ.

4. ɉɨɧɬɨɧ ɜɟɫɨɦ G

= 4·10

ɇ ɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧ ɝɪɭɡɨɦ G

(ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). ɐɟɧɬɪ

ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ

h = 0,45 ɦ ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɬɨɧɚ. Ɋɚɡ-

ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɧɬɨɧɚ: ɞɥɢɧɚ

L = 8 ɦ, ɲɢɪɢɧɚ l = 4 ɦ, ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɇ = 1 ɦ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟ-

ɥɢɬɶ ɜɟɫ ɝɪɭɡɚ

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 24,8·10

ɇ.

5. Ʉɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɟɥɨ ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ d = 0,4 ɦ, ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ

h = 0,5 ɦ ɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ m = 10 ɤɝ ɩɥɚɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ

ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɥɢɬɶ ɜ ɷɬɭ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ?

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0,01 ɦ

6. ɋɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ D ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ h ɫɥɭɠɢɬ

ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɤɭɞɚ ɨɧ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ (2/3)·

h (ɪɢ-

ɫɭɧɨɤ). ɉɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ

ɇ. Ɉɩɪɟ-

ɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɢɥɭ

F, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ, ɟɫɥɢ D = 0,5·h;

ɇ = 5·h; ȡ

ɫɬ

= 7,8 103 ɤɝ/ɦ

; ȡ

= 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

; h = 0,5 ɦ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 1726 ɇ.

2.5. Ɏɫɛɝɨɠɨɣɠ ɨɠɫɛɢɫɶɝɨɩɬɭɣ. Ɏɫɛɝɨɠɨɣɠ ȼɠɫɨɮɦɦɣ

Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ į = 0,860 ɜ

ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ

= 480 ɦɦ (ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1–1)

= 945 ɦɦ (ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ 2–2) ɪɚɜɟɧ Q = 0,18 ɦ

/ɫ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). Ɋɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɜ ɩɨ-

ɡɢɰɢɹɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɚ 2 ɦ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ 1–1

ɪɚɜɧɨ

= 3·10

ɇ/ɦ

. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ 1–1 ɢ

2–2; ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ 2–2.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0,995 ɦ/ɫ;0,257 ɦ/ɫ; 3,174·10

ɇ/ɦ

2. ɋɢɮɨɧ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ l = l ` + l `` = 25 ɦ ɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ d = 0,4 ɦ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ)

ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɬɟɤɚɬɶ ɜɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ. ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ

ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɢɮɨɧɚ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ

, = 2 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ-

ɫɬɶɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɯ

z = 2,5 ɦ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ

ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ Ȝ = 0,02, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ: ɜɯɨɞɚ

= 0,5, ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ȟ

= 1, ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ȟ

= 0,4. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɫ-

ɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɮɨɧɟ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0,467 ɦ

/ɫ.

3. ɇɚɤɥɨɧɧɵɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɫ

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ

= 100 ɦɦ; d

= 75 ɦɦ; d

= 50 ɦɦ; d

4 =

25 ɦɦ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ).

Ⱦɟɛɢɬ ɪɚɜɟɧ 0,01 ɦ

/ɫ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ į = 0,95. Ɋɚɫ-

ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ

, ɪ

ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ,

ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ

= 5 ɦ,

= 4 ɦ, z

= 3 ɦ. ɉɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 1,58·10

ɇ/ɦ; 1,659·10

ɇ/ɦ; 1,653·10

ɇ/ɦ.

ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢɦɟɸɬ

U-ɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɪɬɭɬɧɵɣ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ, ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɚɹ ɫɜɟɦɢ

ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ, ɟɫɥɢ

Q = 10 ɥ/ɫ; d

= 5 ɫɦ; d

= 10 ɫɦ; ȡ

= 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

;

ɪɬ

= 13,6·10

ɤɝ/ɦ

; ǻɇ = 700 ɦɦ ɪɬ. ɫɬ.; ɇ = 1 ɦ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 5,1 ɦ/ɫ; 1,27 ɦ/ɫ; 0,835·10

ɇ/ɦ

; 0,903·10

ɇ/ɦ

5. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ d = 100 ɦɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɫ ɪɚɫɯɨ-

ɞɨɦ

Q = 8 ɥ/ɫ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ U-ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɬɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ

ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ 1–1 ɢ 2–2, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ

l = 50 ɦ

ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɛɟɪɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ

h = 32 ɦɦ. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ

ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɬɭɬɢ

į = 13,6. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ

ɬɪɟɧɢɟ Ȝ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0,0247.

6. Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɨɦɟɪ ȼɟɧɬɭɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɦ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɫ

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ

= 0,25 ɦ, d

= 0,1 ɦ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). ȼ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɬɭɬɧɵɦ ɦɚ-

ɧɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɟɪ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ. Ɂɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ

h = 0,1 ɦ ɪɬɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɛɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ (ȡ

ɪɬ

= 13,6·10

ɤɝ/ɦ

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0,12 ɦ

/ɫ.

7. ɂɞɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ į = 0,8 ɩɟɪɟɬɟɤɚɟɬ

ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɬɪɟɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ d

= 50 ɦɦ, d

= 70 ɦɦ,

= 40 ɦɦ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɦ ɇ = 16 ɦ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). Ɍɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ

ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ Q.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 22,2 ɥ/ɫ.

8. ȼɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɨɦɟɪɭ ȼɟɧɬɭɪɢ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɢɡ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɞɢɚɦɟɬ-

ɪɨɦ

= 20 ɫɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ d

= 10 ɫɦ

(ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). ɉɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɚɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ, ɟɫɥɢ

ɜ ɩɶɟɡɨɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɉ

ɢ ɉ

ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ h = 0,25 ɦ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0,018 ɦ

/ɫ.

9. ɉɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɚɹ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɇ ɢ

ɪɚɫɯɨɞ

Q ɫɬɪɭɢ ɜɨɞɵ (ȡ

= 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

) ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ d = 25 ɦ

ɩɪɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɫɨɩɥɚ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ

h = 0,25 ɦ. ȼɵɛɪɨɫ ɫɬɪɭɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɤɨɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ

D = 500 ɦɦ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɇ

= 3 ɦ, ɤɨɬɨ-

ɪɚɹ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɩɨɞ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱ-

ɧɵɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪ

= 5 ɇ/ɫɦ

ɧɚɞ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ).

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 2,9 ɥ/ɫ.

10. ɐɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ Q = 0,1 ɦ

/ɫ ɢ

ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ

= 4,7·10

ɇ/ɦ

. ȼɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɢɚ-

ɦɟɬɪ

d = 0,3 ɦ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɭ L = 24 ɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɦɟ-

ɫɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȟ = 5. ȼɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹ-

ɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɟ

Ȝ = 0,02, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ ȟ

ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬ

= 0,2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ

ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ

ɜɫ

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 4,615 ɦ.

11. Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɠɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ h = 2 ɦ

ɨɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ. Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɵ

ɷɠɟɤɬɨɪɚ

d = 20 ɦɦ, ɚ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ D = 60 ɦɦ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ).

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɷɠɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶ-

ɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɤɟ Ⱥ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 24,8·10

ɇ/ɦ

; 2 ɥ/ɫ.

12. Ɍɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ

ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ

ɇ = 16 ɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɜ

ɬɪɭɛ ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ

= 50 ɦɦ ɢ d

= 70 ɦɦ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). ɇɚ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɬɪɭɛɨ-

ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɨ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɨ-

ɬɟɪɶ ȟ = 4. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ

ɜɨɞɵ Q.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 15,5 ɥ/ɫ.

13. Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɵ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɪɭɛɨ-

ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɦ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɜ ɬɪɭɛ ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ

= 100 ɦɦ ɢ

= 60 ɦɦ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɤɪɚɧ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ȟ = 5 (ɪɢ-

ɫɭɧɨɤ). Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ. Ɋɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɜ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɠɢɞ-

ɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɯ

ɇ = 3 ɦ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨ-

ɜɨɞɟ Q. Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ?

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 9,7 ɥ/ɫ; 1,25.

14. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɸ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵ-

ɬɨɦ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ

ɢɡɛ

= 4·10

ɇ/ɦ

. Ɉɫɶ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢ-

ɧɟ

h = 5 ɦ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɨ-

ɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɧɚ ȟ

ɤɪ

= 4, ɫɨɩɥɚ ȟ

ɫɨɩɥɚ

= 0,06. Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ

ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ

ɜɨɞɵ

Q, ɟɫɥɢ d

= 10 ɫɦ; d

= 20 ɫɦ; d

= 8 ɫɦ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 241 ɥ/ɫ.

15. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ

= 100 ɦɦ ɢ d

= 200 ɦɦ, l

= 200 ɦ ɢ l

= 300 ɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɵ Ⱥ

ȼ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɇ

= 100 ɦɢ ɇ

= 200 ɦ

(ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ: ȟ

= 0,5;

= 0,1; ȟ

= 0,6; ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ

ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ Ȝ = 0,02 + 0,5/

d. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ

ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɦɢ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 47,9 ɥ/ɫ.

16. ɀɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ

d = 100 ɦɦ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ l = 50 ɦ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ,

ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ

ɇ = 4 ɦ, ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ. Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɪɚɫ-

ɯɨɞ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ: ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ

, ɜ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɦ ɬɪɭɛɨ-

ɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ

(ǻz = 2 ɦ). Ɇɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 18,9 ɥ/ɫ; 23,15 ɥ/ɫ.

17. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɧɚ ɤɚɤɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ h

ɜɚɤ

ɩɨɞɧɢɦɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɤɟ,

ɨɞɢɧ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɤ ɫɭɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɛɵ, ɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ

ɨɩɭɳɟɧ ɜ ɜɨɞɭ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɟ

Q = 0,025 ɦ

/ɫ, ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱ-

ɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

= 49·10

ɉɚ, ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɵ d

= 100 ɦɦ ɢ d

= 50 ɦɦ.