Powell J. Encyclopedia Of North American Immigration
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Immigration by Region and Selected Country… Fiscal Years 1820–2002 (continued)
1991–1999
Region and Country 1991– 1991– 1991–
of Last Residence 1993 1994 1995 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
All countries 3,705,436 4,509,852 5,230,313 804,416 720,461 915,900 798,378 654,451 646,568
Europe 465,642 631,921 764,835 166,279 132,914 151,898 122,358 92,911 94,373
Austria-Hungary 11,303 13,426 15,616 2,123 2,190 2,325 1,964 1,435 1,518
Austria 8,286 9,600 10,940 1,314 1,340 1,182 1,044 610 727
Hungary 3,017 3,826 4,676 809 850 1,143 920 825 791
Belgium 2,434 3,055 3,749 621 694 802 633 557 522
Czechoslovakia 2,291 3,050 4,107 759 1,057 1,299 1,169 931 895
Denmark 2,160 2,799 3,387 639 588 795 507 447 387
France 12,429 16,021 19,199 3,592 3,178 3,896 3,007 2,961 2,664
Germany 33,727 42,667 50,563 8,940 7,896 8,365 6,941 6,923 7,442
Greece 7,557 10,096 12,500 2,539 2,404 2,394 1,483 1,183 4,061
Ireland
5
30,039 46,564 51,415 16,525 4,851 1,611 932 907 806
Italy 46,177 48,841 51,435 2,664 2,594 2,755 2,190 1,966 1,681
Netherlands 4,532 5,891 7,175 1,359 1,284 1,553 1,197 1,036 881
Norway-Sweden 6,345 8,149 9,756 1,804 1,607 2,015 1,517 1,344 1,284
Norway 2,057 2,572 3,037 515 465 552 391 327 358
Sweden 4,288 5,577 6,719 1,289 1,142 1,463 1,126 1,017 926
Poland 68,885 96,482 110,052 27,597 13,570 15,504 11,729 8,202 8,487
Portugal 9,425 11,588 14,199 2,163 2,611 3,024 1,690 1,523 1,078
Romania 16,210 19,142 23,707 2,932 4,565 5,449 5,276 4,833 5,417
Soviet Union 128,575 193,077 247,210 64,502 54,133 61,895 48,238 28,984 32,740
Spain 6,495 8,251 9,915 1,756 1,664 1,970 1,607 1,185 1,074
Switzerland 3,569 4,752 5,871 1,183 1,119 1,344 1,302 1,090 885
United Kingdom
5, 8
59,114 76,780 90,987 17,666 14,207 15,564 11,950 10,170 8,663
Yugoslavia 8,324 11,507 19,335 3,183 7,828 10,755 9,913 7,264 7,077
Other Europe 6,051 9,783 14,657 3,732 4,874 8,583 9,113 9,970 6,811
Asia 1,032,384 1,314,833 1,574,817 282,449 259,984 300,574 258,561 212,799 193,061
China
10
111,324 170,191 211,303 58,867 41,112 50,981 44,356 41,034 29,579
Hong Kong 46,723 58,676 69,375 11,953 10,699 11,319 7,974 7,379 6,533
India 116,201 149,374 182,434 33,173 33,060 42,819 36,092 34,288 28,355
Iran 25,830 32,828 38,474 6,998 5,646 7,299 6,291 4,945 5,042
Israel 16,270 20,252 23,440 3,982 3,188 4,029 2,951 2,546 2,538
Japan 25,008 31,982 37,538 6,974 5,556 6,617 5,640 5,647 4,770
Korea 61,484 76,901 91,954 15,417 15,053 17,380 13,626 13,691 12,301
Philippines 195,634 248,466 298,162 52,832 49,696 54,588 47,842 33,176 29,590
Turkey 10,156 14,036 18,842 3,880 4,806 5,573 4,596 4,016 2,472
Vietnam 77,913 110,300 148,064 32,387 37,764 39,922 37,121 16,534 19,164
Other Asia 345,841 401,827 455,231 55,986 53,404 60,047 52,072 49,543 52,717
America 2,104,250 2,429,423 2,711,693 325,173 282,270 407,813 359,619 298,156 312,324
Canada and Newfoundland
17, 18
65,370 87,613 105,730 22,243 18,117 21,751 15,788 14,295 12,948
Mexico
18
1,288,693 1,400,108 1,490,153 111,415 90,045 163,743 146,680 130,661 146,436
Caribbean 332,721 436,471 532,492 103,750 96,021 115,991 101,095 72,948 70,386
Cuba 33,340 47,556 65,217 14,216 17,661 26,166 29,913 15,415 13,289
Dominican Republic 128,834 180,055 218,548 51,221 38,493 36,284 24,966 20,267 17,745
Haiti 67,701 80,867 94,739 13,166 13,872 18,185 14,941 13,316 16,459
Jamaica 58,018 71,927 87,988 13,909 16,061 18,732 17,585 14,819 14,449
Other Caribbean 44,828 56,066 66,000 11,238 9,934 16,624 13,690 9,131 8,444
Central America 227,335 267,591 299,611 40,256 32,020 44,336 43,451 35,368 41,441
El Salvador 99,794 117,463 129,133 17,669 11,670 17,847 17,741 14,329 14,416
Other Central America 127,541 150,128 170,478 22,587 20,350 26,489 25,710 21,039 27,025
South America 190,110 237,615 283,678 47,505 46,063 61,990 52,600 44,884 41,112
Argentina 11,286 13,760 15,999 2,474 2,239 2,878 2,055 1,649 1,578
Colombia 44,754 55,407 66,048 10,653 10,641 14,078 12,795 11,618 9,769
Ecuador 24,684 30,627 37,080 5,943 6,453 8,348 7,763 6,840 8,903
Other South America 109,386 137,821 164,551 28,435 26,730 36,686 29,987 24,777 20,862
Other America 21 25 29 4 4 2 5 - 1
Africa 83,781 108,645 148,463 24,864 39,818 49,605 44,668 37,494 33,740
Oceania 19,199 24,846 30,318 5,647 5,472 6,008 4,855 4,403 4,299
Not Specified
22
180 184 187 4 3 2 8,317 8,688 8,771
Total Total Total Total Total
Region and country 1991–
1991– 179 years 180 years 181 years, 182 years 183 years
of Last Residence
1
1999 2000 2000 2001 2002 1820–1998 1820–1999 1820–2000 1820–2001 1820–2001
All countries 8,245,610 849,807 9,095,417 1,064,318 1,063,732 64,593,056 65,239,624 66,089,431 67,153,749 68,217,481
Europe 1,226,375 133,362 1,359,737 177,833 177,652 38,233,062 38,327,435 38,460,797 38,638,630 38,816,282
Austria-Hungary 22,858 2,024 24,882 2,318 4,016 4,364,122
23,24
4,365,640
23,24
4,367,664
23,24
4,369,982
23,24
4,373,998
23,24
Austria 14,503 997 15,500 1,004 2,657 1,842,722
2,3
1,843,449
2,3
1,844,446
2,3
1,845,450
2,3
1,848,107
2,3
Hungary 8,355 1,027 9,382 1,314 1,359 1,675,324
2,3
1,676,115
2,3
1,677,142
2,3
1,678,456
2,3
1,679,815
2,3
Belgium 6,263 827 7,090 1,002 842 216,297 216,819 217,646 218,648 219,490
Czechoslovakia 8,401 1,415 9,816 1,921 1,862 153,307
4
154,202
4
155,617
4
157,538
4
159,400
4
Denmark 5,523 556 6,079 741 655 375,548 375,935 376,491 377,232 377,887
France 31,727 4,093 35,820 5,431 4,596 816,650 819,314 823,407 828,838 833,434
Germany 80,234 12,372 92,606 22,093 21,058 7,156,257
23,24
7,163,699
23,24
7,176,071
23,24
7,198,164
23,24
7,219,222
23,24
Greece 21,621 5,138 26,759 1,966 1,516 721,464 725,525 730,663 732,629 734,145
Ireland
5
55,671 1,279 56,950 1,550 1,419 4,779,998 4,780,804 4,782,083 4,783,633 4,785,052
Italy 60,027 2,695 62,722 3,377 2,837 5,431,454 5,433,135 5,435,830 5,439,207 5,442,044
Netherlands 11,842 1,466 13,308 1,895 2,305 385,193 386,074 387,540 389,435 391,740
Norway-Sweden 15,916 1,977 17,893 2,561 2,097 2,160,586 2,161,870 2,163,847 2,166,408 2,168,505
Norway 4,665 513 5,178 588 464 758,026
6
758,384
6
758,897
6
759,485
6
759,949
6
Sweden 11,251 1,464 12,715 1,973 1,633 1,257,133
6
1,258,059
6
1,259,523
6
1,261,496
6
1,263,129
6
Poland 153,974 9,773 163,747 12,355 13,304 751,823
23
760,310
23
770,083
23
782,438
23
795,742
23
Portugal 21,514 1,402 22,916 1,654 1,320 521,697 522,775 524,177 525,831 527,151
Romania 44,682 6,521 51,203 6,224 4,525 244,106
7
249,523
7
256,044
7
262,268
7
266,793
7
Soviet Union 419,067 43,807 462,874 55,099 55,464 3,830,033
23
3,862,773
23
3,906,580
23
3,961,679
23
4,017,143
23
Spain 15,751 1,406 17,157 1,889 1,603 299,825 300,899 302,305 304,194 305,797
Switzerland 10,492 1,349 11,841 1,796 1,503 369,046 369,931 371,280 373,076 374,579
United Kingdom
5, 8
137,334 14,532 151,866 20,258 18,057 5,247,821 5,256,484 5,271,016 5,291,274 5,309,331
Yugoslavia 54,344 12,213 66,557 21,937 28,100 183,538 190,615 202,828 224,765 252,865
Other Europe 49,134 8,517 57,651 11,766 10,573 224,297 231,108 239,625 251,391 261,964
Asia 2,539,812 255,860 2,795,672 337,566 326,871 8,365,931 8,558,992 8,814,852 9,152,418 9,479,289
China
10
377,253 41,861 419,114 50,821 55,974 1,262,050 1,291,629 1,333,490 1,384,311 1,440,285
Hong Kong 102,580 7,199 109,779 10,307 7,952 398,277
11
404,810
11
412,009
11
422,316
11
430,268
11
India 323,988 39,072 363,060 65,916 66,864 751,349 779,704 818,776 884,692 951,556
Iran 62,051 6,505 68,556 8,063 7,730 233,860
12
238,902
12
245,407
12
253,470
12
261,200
12
Israel 35,504 3,893 39,397 4,925 4,938 170,506
13
173,044
13
176,937
13
181,862
13
186,800
13
Japan 60,212 7,730 67,942 10,464 9,150 517,686
14
522,456
14
530,186
14
540,650
14
549,800
14
Korea 148,952 15,214 164,166 19,933 20,114 778,899
15
791,200
15
806,414
15
826,347
15
846,461
15
Philippines 463,358 40,587 503,945 50,870 48,674 1,460,421
16
1,490,011
16
1,530,598
16
1,581,468
16
1,630,142
16
Turkey 35,499 2,713 38,212 3,477 3,934 445,354 447,826 450,539 454,016 457,950
Vietnam 260,805 25,340 286,145 34,648 32,425 699,918
11
719,082
11
744,422
11
779,070
11
811,495
11
Other Asia 669,610 65,746 735,356 78,142 69,116 1,647,611 1,700,328 1,766,074 1,844,216 1,913,332
America 4,089,605 397,201 4,486,806 473,351 478,777 16,844,829 17,157,153 17,554,354 18,027,705 18,506,482
Canada and
Newfoundland
17, 18
170,512 21,475 191,987 30,203 27,299 4,453,149 4,466,097 4,487,572 4,517,775 4,545,074
Mexico
18
2,077,673 171,748 2,249,421 204,844 217,318 5,819,966
19
5,966,402
19
6,138,150
19
6,342,494
19
6,560,312
19
Caribbean 892,912 85,875 978,787 96,958 94,240 3,525,703 3,596,089 3,681,964 3,778,922 3,873,162
Cuba 150,000 19,322 169,322 26,073 27,520 885,421
12
898,710
12
918,032
12
944,105
12
971,625
12
Dominican Republic 317,810 17,441 335,251 21,256 22,474 810,201
20
827,946
20
845,387
20
866,643
20
889,117
20
Haiti 157,640 22,004 179,644 22,535 19,189 375,938
20
392,397
20
414,401
20
436,936
20
456,125
20
Jamaica 153,573 15,654 169,227 15,099 14,567 568,624
21
583,073
21
598,727
21
613,826
21
628,393
21
Other Caribbean 113,889 11,454 125,343 11,995 10,490 885,519 893,963 905,417 917,412 927,902
Central America 464,207 62,708 526,915 73,063 66,520 1,242,394 1,283,835 1,346,543 1,419,606 1,486,126
El Salvador 193,466 22,332 215,798 31,054 30,539 453,717
20
468,133
20
490,465
20
521,519
20
552,058
20
Other Central America 270,741 40,376 311,117 42,009 35,981 788,677 815,702 856,078 898,087 934,068
South America 484,264 55,392 539,656 68,279 73,400 1,693,441 1,734,553 1,789,945 1,858,224 1,931,624
Argentina 24,159 2,485 26,644 3,459 3,811 153,699
20
155,277
20
157,762
20
161,221
20
165,032
20
Colombia 114,308 14,191 128,499 16,333 18,488 399,892
20
409,661
20
423,852
20
440,185
20
458,673
20
Ecuador 68,934 7,658 76,592 9,694 10,564 215,798
20
224,701
20
232,359
20
242,053
20
252,617
20
Other South America 276,863 31,058 307,921 38,793 40,537 924,052 944,914 975,972 1,014,765 1,055,302
Other America 37 3 40 4 3 110,176 110,177 110,180 110,184 110,184
Africa 313,970 40,969 354,939 50,209 56,135 614,375 648,115 689,084 739,293 795,428
Oceania 49,883 5,962 55,845 7,253 6,536 250,206 254,505 260,467 267,720 274,256
Not Specified
22
25,965 16,453 42,418 18,106 17,761 284,653 293,424 309,877 327,983 345,744
(continues)
396 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NORTH AMERICAN IMMIGRATION
Immigration by Region and Selected Country… Fiscal Years 1820–2002 (continued)
1
Data for years prior to 1906 relate to country whence alien came; data from 1906 to 1979 and 1984 to 2002 are for country of last permanent residence; and data for 1980
to 1983 refer to country of birth. Because of changes in boundaries, changes in lists of countries, and lack of data for specified countries for various periods, data for cer-
tain countries, especially for the total period 1820–2002, are not comparable throughout. Data for specified countries are included with countries to which they belonged
prior to World War I.
2
Data for Austria and Hungary not reported until 1861.
3
Data for Austria and Hungary not reported separately for all years during the period.
4
No data available for Czechoslovakia until 1920.
5
Prior to 1926, data for Northern Ireland included in Ireland.
6
Data for Norway and Sweden not reported separately until 1871.
7
No data available for Romania until 1880.
8
Since 1925, data for United Kingdom refer to England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
9
In 1920, a separate enumeration was made for the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. Since 1922, the Serb, Croat, and Slovene Kingdom recorded as Yugoslavia.
10
Beginning in 1957, China includes Taiwan. As of January 1, 1979, the United States has recognized the People’s Republic of China.
11
Data not reported separately until 1952.
12
Data not reported separately until 1925.
13
Data not reported separately until 1949.
14
Data not available for Japan until 1861.
15
Data not reported separately until 1948.
16
Prior to 1934, Philippines reported as insular travel.
17
Prior to 1920, Canada and Newfoundland recorded as British North America. From 1820 to 2001, figures include all British North America possessions.
18
Land arrivals not completely enumerated until 1908.
19
No data available for Mexico from 1886 to 1894.
20
Data not reported separately until 1932.
21
Data for Jamaica not collected until 1953. In prior years, consolidated under British West Indies, which is included in “Other Caribbean.”
22
Included in countries “Not Specified” until 1925.
23
From 1899 to 1919, data for Poland included in Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Soviet Union.
24
From 1938 to 1945, data for Austria included in Germany.
25
Includes 32,897 persons returning in 1906 to their homes in the United States.
Note: From 1820 to 1867, figures represent alien passengers arrived at seaports; 1868–91 and 1895–97, immigrant aliens arrived; 1892–94 and 1898–2002, immigrant aliens
admitted for permanent residence. From 1892 to 1903, aliens entering by cabin class were not counted as immigrants. Land arrivals were not completely enumerated until
1908. Data for Czechoslovakia, Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia include independent republics.
For this table, fiscal year 1843 covers nine months ending September 1843; fiscal years 1832 and 1850 cover 15 months ending December 31 of the respective years; and fiscal
year 1868 covers six months ending June 30, 1868.
- Represents zero.
Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service, available online, URL: http://uscis.gov/graphics/shared/aboutus/statistics/IMM02yrbk/
IMMExcel/table2.xls
Ethnicity in Texas, 1850
Group Number Percent of State Total
Southern Anglo-American
1
114,040 53.7
Northern Anglo-American 9,965 4.7
African American
2
58,558 27.5
Spanish surname
3
11,212 5.3
French surname
4
1,071 0.5
German element
5
11,534 5.4
Other foreign elements 3,900 1.8
Other
6
2,312 1.1
1
Includes Texas-born children of northern Anglo-Americans.
2
Includes slave and free.
3
Includes American-born with Spanish surname.
4
Includes American-born with French surname.
5
Includes foreign-born persons and their American-born offspring.
6
Includes persons born in California, the Territories, or whose origins could not be determined.
Source: Adapted from Terry G. Jordan, “Population Origins in Texas, 1850” Geographical Review 59 (January 1969), p. 85.
APPENDIX B 397
Immigrant Arrivals in Canada, 1852–2002
Year Number
1852 29,307
1853 29,464
1854 37,263
1855 25,296
1856 22,544
1857 33,854
1858 12,339
1859 6,300
1860 6,276
1861 13,589
1862 18,294
1863 21,000
1864 24,779
1865 18,958
1866 11,427
1867 10,666
1868 12,765
1869 18,630
1870 24,706
1871 27,773
1872 36,578
1873 50,050
1874 39,373
1875 27,382
1876 25,633
1877 27,082
1878 29,807
1879 40,492
1880 38,505
1881 47,991
1882 112,458
1883 133,624
1884 103,824
1885 79,169
1886 69,152
1887 84,526
1888 88,766
1889 91,600
1890 75,067
1891 82,165
1892 30,996
1893 29,633
Year Number
1894 20,829
1895 18,790
1896 16,835
1897 21,716
1898 31,900
1899 44,543
1900 41,681
1901 55,747
1902 89,102
1903 138,660
1904 131,252
1905 141,465
1906 211,653
1907 272,409
1908 143,326
1909 173,694
1910 286,839
1911 331,288
1912 375,756
1913 400,870
1914 150,484
1915 36,665
1916 55,914
1917 72,910
1918 41,845
1919 107,698
1920 138,824
1921 91,728
1922 64,224
1923 133,729
1924 124,164
1925 84,907
1926 135,982
1927 158,886
1928 166,783
1929 164,993
1930 104,806
1931 27,530
1932 20,591
1933 14,382
1934 12,476
1935 11,277
Year Number
1936 11,643
1937 15,101
1938 17,244
1939 16,994
1940 11,324
1941 9,329
1942 7,576
1943 8,504
1944 12,801
1945 22,722
1946 71,719
1947 64,127
1948 125,414
1949 95,217
1950 73,912
1951 194,391
1952 164,498
1953 168,868
1954 154,227
1955 109,946
1956 164,857
1957 282,164
1958 124,851
1959 106,928
1960 104,111
1961 71,689
1962 74,586
1963 93,151
1964 112,606
1965 146,758
1966 194,743
1967 222,876
1968 183,974
1969 161,531
1970 147,713
1971 121,900
1972 122,006
1973 184,200
1974 218,465
1975 187,881
1976 149,429
1977 114,914
(continues)
398 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NORTH AMERICAN IMMIGRATION
Immigrant Arrivals in Canada, 1852–2002 (continued)
Source: Statistics Canada, available online, URL: http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/11-516-XIE/sectiona/sectiona.htm#A350, and Citizen-
ship and Immigration Canada, av
ailable online, URL: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/pub/facts2002/immigration/immigration_1.html
Year Number
1978 86,313
1979 112,092
1980 143,135
1981 128,639
1982 121,176
1983 89,188
1984 88,271
1985 84,334
1986 99,325
Year Number
1987 151,999
1988 161,494
1989 191,493
1990 216,396
1991 232,744
1992 254,817
1993 256,741
1994 224,364
Year Number
1995 212,859
1996 226,039
1997 216,014
1998 174,159
1999 189,922
2000 227,346
2001 250,484
2002 229,091
Immigration to the United States from Austria-Hungary,
1861–1920
Year Number
1861–1870 7,800
1871–1880 72,969
1881–1890 353,719
1891–1900 592,707
1901–1910 2,145,266
1911–1920 896,342
Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service, available online, URL: http://uscis.gov/
graphics/shared/aboutus/statistics/IMM02yrbk/IMMExcel/table2.xls.
APPENDIX B 399
Country of Birth of Other British-born and the Foreign-born Population,
Census Dates, 1871–1971
Year
Country 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971
Total All
Countries
1
594,207 602,984 643,871 699,500 1,586,961 1,955,725 2,307,525 2,017,902 2,059,911 2,844,263 3,295,535
Other
British-born
England
and Wales 147,081 169,504 219,688 203,803 519,401 700,442 746,212 635,221 627,551 662,102 -
Scotland 125,450 115,062 107,594 83,631 169,391 226,481 279, 765 234,824 226,343 244,052 -
Northern
Ireland
2
223,212 185,526 149,184 101,629 92,874 93,301 107 ,544 86,126 56,685 61,588 -
Lesser Isles 852 814 1,269 956 2,860 4,807 5,421 3,954 1,903 1,973 -
Newfoundland 3 4,596 9,336 12,432 15,469 23,103 26,410 25 ,837 3 3 3
Other British
Common-
wealth 2,358 3,113 3,502 3,771 14,526 17,226 19,478 17,8 07 20,567 47,887 170,105
United States 64,613 77,753 80,915 127,899 303,680 374,022 344,574 31 2,473 282,010 283,908 309,640
Europe Total 28,699 39,161 53,841 125,549 404,941 459,325 714,462 653, 705 801,618 1,468,058 1,684,515
Republic
of Ireland
2
- - - - - - - - 24,110 30,889 38,490
Scandinavia 588 2,076 7,827 18,388 61,240 64,795 90,042 72 ,473 64,522 74,616 60,210
France 2,908 4,389 5,381 7,944 17,619 19,247 16,756 13,795 15,650 36,103 51,655
Belgium - - - 2,280 7,975 13,276 17,033 14,773 17,251 28,253 25,770
Netherland - - - 385 3,808 5,827 10,736 9,923 41,457 135,033 133,525
Germany 24,162 25,328 27,752 27,300 39,577 25,266 39,163 28,479 42,693 189,131 211,060
Austria and
Hungary 102 - - 28,407 78,088 65,028 65,914 82,526 70,527 143,092 108,945
Czecho-
slovakia - - - - 1,689 4,322 22,835 25,564 29,546 35,743 43,100
Switzerland - - - 1,211 - 3,479 6,076 5,505 6,414 11,38 1 13,895
Italy 218 777 2,795 6,854 34,739 35,531 42,578 40,432 57 ,789 258,071 385,755
Greece - - - 213 2,640 3,769 5,579 5,871 8,594 38,017 78,780
Eastern Europe
U.S.S.R. 416 6,376 9,222 31,231 89,984 112,412 133,869 124,402 188,292 186,653 160,120
Poland - - 695 - 31,373 65,304 171,169 155,400 164,474 171,467 160,040
Finland - - - - 10,987 12,156 30,354 24,387 22,035 29, 467 24,930
Romania - - - 1,066 18,271 22,779 40,322 28,454 19,733 27,011 24,405
Yugoslavia - - - - - 1,946 17,110 17,416 20,912 50,826 78,285
Other 305 215 169 270 6,951 4,188 4,926 4,305 7,619 22,305 85,550
Asia
China - - 9,129 17,043 27,083 36,924 42,037 29,095 24,166 36,724 57,150
Japan - - - 4,674 8,425 11,650 12,261 9,462 6,239 6,797 9,485
Other Asia - - - 1,863 5,438 5,062 6,310 5,886 6,740 14,240 52,795
Other countries 1,942 7,455 9,413 1,421 3,165 3,294 3,051 3,512 6,08 9
16,934 78,800
1
The totals for all countries in 1901, 1911, and 1921 include 14,829, 19,708 and 88, respectively, “Other British-born” whose countries of birth are unknown.
2
Prior to 1951, the Republic of Ireland is included with Northern Ireland.
3
Included with Canadian-born.
Source: Statistics Canada, available online, URL: http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/11-516-XIE/sectiona/sectiona.htm#A350
400 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NORTH AMERICAN IMMIGRATION
Refugees and Asylees Granted Lawful Permanent Residence Status in the United States by
Region and Selected Country of Birth, Fiscal Years 1946–2002 (by decade)
All countries 213,347 492,371 212,843 539,447 1,013,620 1,021,266 3,772,411
Europe 211,983 456,146 55,235 71,858 155,512 426,565 1,513,325
Albania 29 1,409 1,952 395 289 3,255 7,963
Armenia X X X X X 2,161 2,897
Austria 4,801 11,487 233 185 424 390 17,648
Azerbaijan X X X X X 12,072 13,320
Belarus X X X X X 24,581 28,098
Belgium NA NA NA 21 33 26 96
Bosnia-Herzegovina X X X X X 37,591 91,774
Bulgaria 139 1,138 1,799 1,238 1,197 1,679 7,363
Croatia X X X X X 1,807 8,273
Czech Republic X X X X XNA 6
Czechoslovakia
2
8,449 10,719 5,709 3,646 8,204 1,255 38,013
Denmark NA NA NA 1 5 18 29
Estonia 7,143 4,103 16 2 25 843 12,326
Finland NA NA NA 2 5 10 18
France NA NA NA 139 268 142 589
Georgia X X X X X 2,593 3,015
Germany 36,633 62,860 665 143 851 1,309 106,179
Gibraltar NA NA NA 1 - - NA
Greece 124 28,568 586 478 1,408 374 31,559
Hungary 6,086 55,740 4,044 4,358 4,942 1,285 76,508
Iceland NA NA NA 2 2 - 4
Ireland NA NA NA 8 6 6 22
Italy 642 60,657 1,198 346 394 412 63,717
Kazakstan X X X X X 4,269 5,752
Kyrgystan X X X X X 1,248 1,811
Latvia 21,422 16,783 49 16 48 2,757 41,458
Liechtenstein NA NA NA NA - NA NA
Lithuania 18,694 8,569 72 23 37 1,161 28,681
Luxembourg NA NA NA - 2 - NA
Macedonia X X X X X 137 499
Malta NA NA NA 6 5 - 14
Moldova X X X X X 11,717 14,797
Monaco NA NA NA 1 - - NA
Netherlands 129 14,336 3,134 8 14 36 17,735
Norway NA NA NA 4 7 7 20
Poland 78,529 81,323 3,197 5,882 33,889 7,500 210,476
Portugal 12 3,650 1,361 21 21 13 5,083
Romania 4,180 12,057 7,158 6,812 29,798 15,708 76,011
Russia X X X X X 60,404 71,989
San Marino NA NA NA 1 - - NA
Slovak Republic X X X X X 31 43
Region and
Country of Birth 1946–1950 1951–1960 1961–1970 1971–1980 1981–1990 1991–2000 1946–2003
Total
APPENDIX B 401
Slovenia X X X X X 97 242
Soviet Union
3
14,072 30,059 871 31,309 72,306 90,533 242,889
Spain 1 246 4,114 5,317 736 443 10,946
Sweden NA NA NA 3 NA 17 45
Switzerland NA NA NA 12 NA 46 194
Tajikistan X X X X X 2,546 2,728
Turkmenistan X X X X X 410 486
Ukraine X X X X X 109,739 134,820
United Kingdom NA NA NA 58 192 120 414
Uzbekistan X X X X X 19,539 21,994
Yugoslavia
3
9,816 44,755 18,299 11,297 324 1,280 98,193
Unknown Europe 1,082 7,687 778 123 80 - 9,750
Asia 1,106 33,422 19,895 210,683 712,092 351,347 1,379,836
Afghanistan - 1 - 542 22,946 9,725 35,231
Bahrain NA NA NA - NA 5 5
Bangladesh NA NA NA 2 NA 566 1,107
Bhutan NA NA NA NA NA NA 4
Burma NA NA NA 70 NA 721 1,671
Cambodia - - - 7,739 114,064 6,388 128,351
China
4
319 12,008 5,308 13,760 7,928 7,608 49,244
Cyprus NA NA NA 48 NA 9 67
Hong Kong - 1,076 2,128 3,468 1,916 611 9,569
India NA NA NA 41 NA 2,544 6,602
Indonesia - 8,253 7,658 222 1,385 201 17,908
Iran 118 192 58 364 46,773 24,313 80,018
Iraq - 130 119 6,851 7,540 22,557 44,914
Israel NA NA NA 76 NA 176 294
Japan 3 3,803 554 56 110 24 4,567
Jordan NA NA NA 88 NA 333 484
Korea - 3,116 1,316 65 120 26 4,657
Kuwait NA NA NA 11 NA 469 614
Laos - - - 21,690 142,964 37,265 203,004
Lebanon NA NA NA 595 NA 1,028 1,839
Macau NA NA NA 29 NA 3 32
Malaysia NA NA NA 189 NA 385 869
Maldives NA NA NA - NA NA 4
Mongolia NA NA NA NA NA 31 37
Nepal NA NA NA 1 NA 32 52
Oman NA NA NA 1 5NA 8
Pakistan NA NA NA 20 NA 1,650 2,822
Philippines NA NA NA 213 NA 968 1,368
Qatar NA NA NA NA NA 18 19
Saudi Arabia NA NA NA 10 NA 880 1,063
Singapore NA NA NA 28 NA 13 57
Sri Lanka NA NA NA 24 NA 354 492
Syria 4 119 383 1,336 2,145 2,125 7,008
Region and
Country of Birth 1946–1950 1951–1960 1961–1970 1971–1980 1981–1990 1991–2000 1946–2003
Total
(continues)
402 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NORTH AMERICAN IMMIGRATION
Thailand - 15 13 1,241 30,259 22,759 55,662
Turkey 603 1,427 1,489 1,193 1,896 559 7,263
United Arab Emirates NA NA NA NA NA 59 68
Vietnam - 2 7 150,266 324,453 206,857 700,443
Yemen NA NA NA 22 11 80 219
Unknown Asia 59 3,280 862 422 7,577 - 12,200
Africa 20 1,768 5,486 2,991 22,149 51,649 112,146
Algeria NA NA NA 1 5 138 345
Angola NA NA NA 4 255 91 367
Benin NA NA NA NA NA 20 104
Botswana NA NA NA NA 85 9 99
Burkina Faso NA NA NA 2 - 14 40
Burundi NA NA NA NA 8 148 390
Cameroon NA NA NA NA 9 302 519
Cape Verde NA NA NA 4 13 6 25
Central African
Republic NA NA NA 1 1NA 7
Chad NA NA NA 7 - 43 93
Congo, Democratic
Republic of
5
NA NA NA 7 192 924 1,415
Congo, Republic of NA NA NA 1 1 25 568
Cote d’Ivoire NA NA NA 1 1 119 319
Djibouti NA NA NA NA 19 20 78
Egypt 8 1,354 5,396 1,473 426 420 9,669
Equatorial Guinea NA NA NA - 2 - 4
Eritrea X X X X X 608 751
Ethiopia
6
NA 61 2 1,307 18,542 17,865 41,780
Gabon NA NA NA NA 1 6 11
Gambia,The NA NA NA NA - 54 216
Ghana NA NA NA 3 135 431 837
Guinea NA NA NA NA 15 50 72
Guinea-Bissau NA NA NA NA NA 36 124
Kenya NA NA NA 4 87 1,447 2,469
Lesotho NA NA NA 1 29 9 39
Liberia NA NA NA 2 109 3,839 7,489
Libya NA NA NA 14 363 591 997
Madagascar NA NA NA - 1 - NA
Malawi NA NA NA 8 33 23 69
Mali NA NA NA NA NA 12 33
Mauritania NA NA NA NA 1 211 430
Mauritius NA NA NA 1 NA 19 30
Morocco NA NA NA 3 11 23 48
Mozambique NA NA NA 3 72 31 111
Namibia NA NA NA 3 71 37 117
Refugees and Asylees Granted Lawful Permanent Residence Status in the United States by
Region and Selected Country of Birth, Fiscal Years 1946–2002 (by decade)
(continued)
Region and
Country of Birth 1946–1950 1951–1960 1961–1970 1971–1980 1981–1990 1991–2000 1946–2003
Total
APPENDIX B 403
Niger NA NA NA NA 1 27 211
Nigeria NA NA NA 6 14 443 1,411
Réunion NA NA NA - 1 - NA
Rwanda NA NA NA - 3 389 772
São Tomé and
Príncipe NA NA NA - 1 - NA
Senegal NA NA NA 1 NA 40 96
Seychelles NA NA NA NA 12 3 16
Sierra Leone NA NA NA 2 21 272 1,772
Somalia NA NA NA 6 70 16,837 25,638
South Africa NA NA NA 14 285 195 516
Sudan NA NA NA 4 739 5,191 9,621
Swaziland NA NA NA NA NA NA 7
Tanzania NA NA NA 2 7 32 79
Togo NA NA NA 1 NA 114 588
Tunisia NA NA NA 1 NA 721
Uganda NA NA NA 58 301 439 917
Zambia NA NA NA 3 53 52 121
Zimbabwe NA NA NA 3 24 32 68
Unknown Africa 12 353 88 40 130 - 623
Oceania 7 75 21 37 22 291 523
American Samoa NA NA NA 1 --NA
Australia NA NA NA 21 NA 7 31
Fiji NA NA NA NA NA 280 338
French Polynesia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Guam NA NA NA 2--NA
New Caledonia NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA
New Zealand NA NA NA 2 4 - 6
Palau X X X X X - 3
Papua New Guinea NA NA NA 2 3 - 5
Solomon Islands NA NA NA - - - 4
Vanuatu X X X - - - NA
Wallis and Futuna
Islands NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Unknown Oceania 7 75 21 8 15 - 126
North America 163 831 132,068 252,633 121,840 185,333 752,825
Canada NA NA NA 96 NA 80 231
Greenland NA NA NA 1 1 - NA
Mexico NA NA NA 202 NA 416 870
St.-Pierre and
Miquelon NA NA NA 1 - - NA
United States NA NA NA 5 NA 20 29
Caribbean 3 6 131,557 251,825 114,213 154,235 708,540
Anguilla NA NA NA - 5 - 5
Antigua-Barbuda NA NA NA 1 - - NA
Bahamas,The NA NA NA 1 832 14 855
(continues)
Region and
Country of Birth 1946–1950 1951–1960 1961–1970 1971–1980 1981–1990 1991–2000 1946–2003
Total