Зайцев Е.Н. Общий курс транспорта

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 ,   ,

;

 , 

   , 

   

,   

, , 

;

      

,     

;

 , 

    

   

, .

, , , , ,

, , .

 – , 

  –    

.

:

  ,    

 (, 

     )

     

;

   ,   



     

;

      

 ,    

;

    

     

.

     

,     , 

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  , , ,

, .

, 

:

 –   

,     



».

. 

     

.

      

, 

,     



     

     ) 

,       

.

      ,

 ,      

.

       

    

 (, , , ,

.), .

   –  

, ,  

.

   ,    

 ,    

 ,  

   ,     

,     

.

    

     

 ,    ,

  .     

.

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4. 

4.1. 

    , 

   ,  

      

  .    

 

, , 

.

      

    

   .   

. 

.

       

  .    –

 . , 

, .

    

  ,  ,  ,

     ,

  ,      

,   ,     .

     

     -

 .      

   (,  ,  

.).



 :  , 

, , , , 

      –    

 ,     

.

   

 (, , ), 



, ,     ,

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103

   , 

.

       

, , . 

      

.

     . 

  ()   

 () , 

       

,       

»  «»,  – 

.

    , 

, -

     

  (   ).  

  –  ,  

        ,

.

     

 ,     

    .   



, .). 

      ,

, 

 .     ,  

    (,  ), 



     , 

.

      

        

.

     ,

   «»,  

    

   :   

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104

,  ,  

, .

      ,

, , ,   -

.



,    .    

  .    

    ,  

   .    

     . 

       

. 

     

       (,

, ,  ),    

.



.      

.

    

.

 – , -

.



      

,      ,

.

      

, . ,



     

 .     -

       

. 

        

.

     ,

, , , .

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105

,    ,  

  ,      

.

      (

), 

        -

 ().

      

 « — » .

, 

  .     

, , ,

, )    , 

    

. 

.

      

 , , ,  

    

.

, 

 , 

, 

.

,

  ,      

, .



, , ,

     ,

   .   

 

 »,      , 

 (, 

, ).

, 

    ,    

     

.

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     

, 

, , 

.

      ,

  .     

         

  ( 

,    

      . .).  

 , ,  

.

-

,     

       

, :

-    –    

;

- , , -

  .    

   ,   

.      

 .      

;

- , -

   ,       

;

- 

;

- , -



;

-   –   

;

-  ,  ,

, ,

;

- ;

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107

-   (,  ,

,  ,  , ,

, , );

- ;

- ;

-    , -

;

- ;

- ;

- -

;

- .

     

  ,   

 ,    ,

  ,  ,  

 (. 4.1).

. 4.1. 

1 – ; 2 –  ; 3 – ;

4 – ; 5 – 



  ,  ,

.



    .     

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108

    ,   

, .

   ,   

 ,     

.

   

    ,

,    .  

 –

   ,  ,

 ,   , ,  

.  

   . 

     

,      

  ,    - 

.

     

 –  – 

    . 



     ( 

 )    (  

).      

      

      

.

      -

   ,  

 ,   

, ,    

  .  

, , 

.       

, , 

    

      

.

, 

      

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109

, , ,

 (,    ),

,  , .

    ,   

,     

.

    ,  

    , , 

, , 

, , 

.

    

     ,       

   .   

  

, , , 

   (  )  

 .     -

       

,  , , 

. 

      

   ,  

 ,  

,  (). 

   ,  

 –     ,

       

 ()  . , 

      

, 

  .   

  ,   

     

 ,    



    

.   :

  ,    

;     

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