Зайцев Е.Н. Общий курс транспорта

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. 

       

 .     

     ; 

     

      ;

      

    

;   ,  

     . 

, , 

, .

      ,

     ( ,

, )    



 (, , , .).

     

  , , 

    ,

  .    

,   . ,  

     - 60 "  

.

    

 (, ,

 )    ,

, , .

 –

   (, ),  

.   : 

, , ), 

, , ),  (, ,

, , ).

     (,

, , , , ) 

, , )  , ,

, .

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5. 

5.1. 

   

     

,   ,  

,    (

),      

.

 , , , 

  (-1)   , 

       , 

  –   

     

   ,  

     (-2)  

     

 «

».

 ,   –  

    

 (), 

      (.

5.1).

     

       

:   

     

 () .

      

      

      ,

.

    

     

     

  ,    .

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132

, , , , .

-1

















 -1











-2 







1





1





2

  

 ()  ()



 -1 







) 















1







2





2













.5.1

. 

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133

  ,     

      

   ,  

 ,     

     ,

.

  –     

 ,  ,

       

, ).

 ,    

,   «

» . 



   ,  

.

5.2. 

  ,   

,       

   ,   ,

, , 

.

       

     

. , 

  , .  

     .  

, 

.

-

    

.    

  ,   

    ,  

     

      

      . 

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134

 

.

  ,      

,   .     

      

     

.

  ,   

, . 

 .   « »

   

. 

      

      

, 

-

. , , 

 ,     

 ,   

     

.       

    , 

, 

       . 

     

         

    



.

      

     

       

   ,   

. , , ,

?

   ,    

,   .   

,      

      

,    .   

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, 

, ,

 ,    . 

       

 ,  

    -

.

    

, 

      

.

    

, .



,     

.

   

.

 .

      ,

  ,   .  

     



     

       

.

 ,   

     

     

, 

 

.



      

. 

    

.

      

      

.

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   

, , 

   .    

    ,

       

.

     

. , 

    , 

     .  

 , . ,  

      

.      

:

  

  , 

    ()  

 t

 

     

(t>t

),     

   

.



    

,    

   ,

 



.

 ,    , 

  ,  ,

, 

  ,    

.

       

   



,  ,  -

 ,     

).

     , 

,  ,    

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137

,    .  , 

      , 

. 

    

. 

, 

       

.

      -



       

    .

      

     ,

      

, , -

. .

   

      

    

      

.

    

       ,

.

      

   ,   

      

    

 .      

:

  

,     

    

   ,   

;

    

, 

      



   , 

;

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138

  

,     

, 

, 

.

     ,

        ,

   ,  , 

, , 

  –     

. , , 

,      

    ,     

        ,



.      

,     ,

:

      

;

      

;

 

     

;

      

 )   

,

      

     

;

     

    ,  

.

 

 – .

, 

    ,   

  ,     

    ( 

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139

), ,

 ,     .

      

   –   

,  – 

  ,      

.

     

        

, ,

      ,  



. , 

, 

 , 

       .   

, , ,

 ,      - ,

  .    

    .   

    

    .  

 .   ,    –

       

,      

.

      

  .       

, 

   .    



        

, 

     .  

, , 

,     

,  , ,   .

,         

.

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