Зайцев Е.Н. Общий курс транспорта

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 ( ,  ,  

  );   

;   , 

       

.

      

     

     

,        

      ,   

  (  150-250 )  .

     

   –  ,    

    . 

      –

   ,   

.

     , 

     

 .    

       

, , ,

,   .    

. 

     

.

     ,

        

       

.

     

, . 

  (, , 

)       

,      

.

   

     

, .

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    , ,

  ,  ,

    .  

      ,

, , 

    ,  

 , ,   

.

      

, 



.

, , ,  ,

   ()  , 

 ,    – 

.     

.

        

. 

  I-V .   

   I-III .   ,



 .     

    (). 

   ,  , 

, .

      

    .    

  -    , 

       

.

     –

 (),  

     –  ,

.



 .     -

. 

       ,

  ,     

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     .

     850   

   1050, 1250,   

  1500   .   ,

,       

,      

         .

      

.

-

, 

   , ,

.

     

     

   , ,

.     

      

.        

        

.

      

   , 

, 

    ,  

.



:  ,  , 

, , ,

 ,   ,

      

   .  

  ,    

   

.

      

,    ,     

: ,

 ,    .  

,  ,    

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 h 



  ().     

 ,       

 40-45%



 60-100 .

     

 ,     . 

     

 5-6 .

      

 : , ,

,  ,    

.

 – 

     ,

, ,      

 .      ,



,      ,

,      .  

  ,    

, , 

     

 ,  AT,  

.

 ,  (),

    40    , 

   600 .    . 

    100 . , 

    1800   

.

,

    ,  

, , 

     

.

 :    

  –   ,  

 –  ,    

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114

.    – ,   –

.

     

   ,  

, .

    

   –     -

 ,      

,     , 

, , 

,     

     

.

 –  , 

,        ,

 ,   ,  ,

    .     

       

.

       

 ,   

    ,  

 ,  ,  ,

   ,   

,    ,

      ,

      ,

       

.

     :

, .

     , -

 , ,  ,

. 

  ,   ,

, ,   , 

, ,  ,   ,

 ,   ,   ,

.

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115



, ,

 ,   , ,

, . 

, 

 (, , ) , 

  .  

       

 (),  3...5 .

  ()  

     ,

 ,    ,

  ,  

, 

.

. 

  )     

   , ,  

, .



     .  

     

 ,     .

      

, 

.       

,   ,  

 .    

    ,  

.

 2000 

-40)  85 000  (-86).      

      

.     

.      

    , -

. 

     . 

    



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116

,     

.

 –   ,  

   (  

) ,    

   , , ,  

.

      

  –    ,  

;  –  , ,

      ; 

 –

 , ,   ;  

  –    -

 , ,   ;  

 – .

        

    .  

.



.

      

 ,

, , , 

       

.      :

,  ,   , 

, , , .

      

     

, .

     

 ,  ,

   . 

  : -

,  , 

,  . 

     

, 

 ,    , 

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117

, , ,

   . 

  , 

  ,  ,

    

,     ,

 ,  ,

.



:    ;   

  ;     

; ,    ; ,

; 

; 

;      

;  .   

      ;   

, ;

.

, 

      

.      

      

.       

   ,  ,  

, 

.

    

      

     , 

,     

.    

-

         ,

  ,  ()

    , 

.

     

   :  ,   

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118

 (    ),

.

    

,       .



, , , 

     

.

     

 ,    

 ,    

.  ,   

 (  ,   

), 

 :   ,  

    ; 

         

 );    ; 

      (

).    .  

.

      ,

, .

      

 –  (),

 (),  (),

 (  ),  ,

   .     

    :  

 ,  ,

  ,   

 (),  ,  

, , , 

.

     

,

   ,    

 ,   

.

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    ,

     

, , 

,  ,    ,

  ,   

.

     . 

     

     

 .      

   :  

 (, , 

, , ); -

.

 (),

,  «»  (

)   :  (50...400 ./);

 (600... 1000 ./);  (1500...2500 ./); 

 ( 2500 ./).

      

      

  .   

        

.

4.2. 

    

, ,    ,

   

 ,   , ,

, ,  ,

   

,      

-, -,    . 

, ,

       

,       

.

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