
dz. Ǫ. ǩȈȓȈȉȈȕȖȊȈ, Ȇ. Ƿ. ǴȐȚȘȖȝȭȕȈ
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ɡɛɭɬɭ, ɳɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬ-
ɜɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɭ ɧɚ ɪɢɧɨɤ, ɣɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚ-
ɰɿɸ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɦɭ ɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɿ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɡɛɭɬɭ, ɿɧɧɨ-
ɜɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɭ ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɿɜ
ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɛɭɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɿɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ
ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɢ ɡɛɭɬɨɜɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɡɛɭɬɨɦ ɧɟ-
ɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ,
ɳɨɛ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɥɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟ-
ɱɟɧɧɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɡɛɭɬɨɜɨɸ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɨɸ, ɹɤɚ ɨɯɨɩɥɸɽ ɫɿɦ
ɩɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦ: ɩɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ; ɩɿɞɫɢɫ-
ɬɟɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦ ɪɢɧɤɨɦ; ɩɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ
ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɸ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɨɸ; ɩɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɰɿɧɨɜɨɸ ɩɨ-
ɥɿɬɢɤɨɸ; ɩɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɡɛɭɬɨɜɢɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɨɦ;
ɩɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɡɛɭɬɨɜɢɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ; ɩɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɡɛɭɬɨɜɢɦɢ ɪɢɡɢɤɚɦɢ.
ɉɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɨɯɨɩɥɸɽ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɠɢɬɬɽɜɢɦ ɰɢɤɥɨɦ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ
ɩɨɡɢɰɿɽɸ
ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɧɤɭ.
ɉɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɦ ɪɢɧɤɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɽ ɬɚɤɿ
ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ, ɹɤ STP-ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ ɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɢ-
ɧɚɦɢ ɡ ɩɨɤɭɩɰɹɦɢ.
ɉɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɸ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɨɸ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɽ
ɫɿɦ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɨʀ ɬɨ-
ɜɚɪɧɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ: ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ
ɿɧɧɨɜɚɰɿɹɦɢ, ɹɤɿɫɬɸ ɿ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɿɫɬɸ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ,
ɚɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ, ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɸ ɦɚɪɤɨɸ, ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɸ,
ɠɢɬɬɽɜɢɦ ɰɢɤɥɨɦ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ ɿ ɩɨɡɢɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ.
ɉɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɰɿɧɨɜɨɸ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɨɸ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɹɤ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɟ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɭɩɪɚɜ-
ɥɿɧɧɹ ɰɿɧɨɜɨɸ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɨɸ ɿ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɱɧɿ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɰɿ-
ɧɨɜɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ.
ɉɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɡɛɭɬɨɜɢɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɨɦ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ
ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɣɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨ-
ɫɬɿ ɭ ɞɨɜɝɨɫɬɪɨɤɨɜɿɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɿ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɛɭɬɢ
ɡɚɞɿɹɧɿ ɜɫɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɛɭɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ: ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ-
ɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ (ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ, ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɚ
ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɨ-
ɝɨ), ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɡɛɭɬɨɜɨɸ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ (ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹ, ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɬɚ ɚɭɞɢɬ ɡɛɭɬɨɜɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ) ɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɢ ɡɛɭɬɨɜɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ (ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɿ ɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɰɿʀ