Болсуновская Л.М., Абрамова Р.Н., Матвеенко И.А. (ред.) Petroleum engineering. Teachers book. Нефтегазовое дело. Книга для учителя

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7. F – Field-welded tanks provide large storage capacities in a single unit

8. T

9. F – Shop-welded tanks fabricated to API specifications provide the oil

production industry with tanks of adequate safety and reasonable

economy

10. T

11. T

Exercise 14. Role play: Pipeline engineering department is discussing the

possible variants of steel tanks with fixed roofs or floating roofs for the

East Siberia Pacific Pipeline System project. (Appendix 3)

Role play – Technical and Professional Communication

Exercise 15. Label and describe the following diagrams. Read the

necessary information in APPENDIX 4.

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Chapter 5

ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT IN PETROLEUM

ENGINEERING

Л.М. Болсуновская, И.В. Шендерова, Е.М. Вершкова, Д.С.Малюкова

UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

Lead-in. T. elicits the ideas from the students as they suggest things

connected with Economics and Management and make collective mind map

(spidergram) on the board as the ideas are suggested, so that they can see

how T. draws out the aspects of the topic. The reasoning behind mind map is

that Ss do not think in an ordered or linear way, but rather explore a topic by

moving between its various aspects.

The next stage in this procedure is discussing the questions connected with

the topic and Ss’ future specialty.

This activity will prepare Ss to work with the topic of the Unit 1.

Exercise 1. Read and learn the pronunciation.

Exercise 2. Pay attention to the stress in the following words.

T. comments on pronunciation of the words. Pay special attention to the

word stresses and elicit all the mistakes connected with mispronunciation

of the sounds by reading the words aloud.

Exercise 3. Before reading the text tick what statement you think is true.

Comment on the three general statements and ask Ss’ opinion about them.

After reading the text from Ex. 4, turn back to these questions and ask Ss

again. Discuss their previous and present answers.

Exercise 4. Read the text, do the exercises.

Before reading the text ask Ss about the difference in two notions

Economy and Economics. Which of them has broader meaning.

Read the text and while reading find the answer.

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Economy – is the whole thing, it is not the science, it’s a system for the

management, use and control of the money, goods and other resources of

a country, community or household.

Economics – is a science which studies economy.

Exercise 5. Answer the following questions.

1. To what branch of science does economics belong to? – social science

2. Does economics have deep roots in social philosophy? – yes

3. What problems does economics deal with? – economics attempts to

find laws and principles of economic functioning of society; deals with

problems like inflation and unemployment; the problem of

distributional justice; etc.

4. Why, do you think, some people are poor and others are rich? – the

answer to this question is not given in the text. Discuss it in the group.

5. Which two main divisions of economics do you know? –

macroeconomy and microeconomy

6. What do micro- and macroeconomics deal with? – Microeconomics

deals with the functioning of individual industries and the behaviour of

individual economic decision making units: single business firms and

households. Macroeconomics explores the decisions that individual

businesses and consumers make.

7. Which issue of economics is of great importance to philosophers and

why? – distributional justice; the answer to the question Why is not

given in the text. Discuss it in the group.

8. What would you do to cope with inequality? – the answer to this

question is not given in the text. Discuss it in the group.

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences.

1. Economics studies a wide range of questions.

2. Economics is closely tied with social philosophy.

3. Many social philosophers were trying to solve a questions of

distributional justice.

4. Economics is subdivided into microeconomy and macroeconomy.

5. Microeconomics deals with individual industries.

6. A household can be considered as an individual economic decision

making unit.

7. The firm must make a choice what to produce.

8. Microeconomics doesn’t deal with the questions of output distribution.

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9. The functioning of national economic complex is the sphere of

macroeconomy.

Exercise 7. Give English equivalents for the following words and phrases

from the text.

Изучать экономику – to study economy, иметь глубокие корни в – to

have deep roots in, национальная экономика – national economy,

отдельная самостоятельная экономическая единица – separate

economic unit, изучать проблему – to study the problem, домашнее

хозяйство – householding, отдельная предпринимательская фирма –

individual enterprise, получить представление – to imagine,

функционирование отдельных отраслей промышленности –

functioning of individual industries, социальная философия – social

philosophy.

Exercise 8. Match synonyms in columns A and B.

range -

scope

part -

piece

to produce -

to manufacture

to deal with -

to consider

to explore -

to examine

unemployment -

lack of jobs

discipline -

subject

firm -

company

wealthy -

well - to do

province -

outside the sphere

understanding -

comprehension

a number -

several

tie -

connection

issue -

question

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Exercise 9. Translate the following chains of words. Determine the part of

speech and the way of word – building.

economy (n) – economics (n) – economist (n)

экономика в целом – экономика как наука – экономист

economic (adj) – economical(adj) – economically(adv)

экономический – экономный – экономно

economize(v) – economizer(n)

экономить – экономайзер

science(n) – scientist(n) – scientific(adj)

наука – учёный – научный

employ(v) – employment(n) – unemployment(n) – employer(n) –

employee(n)

нанимать – работа – безработица – работодатель – работник

organize(v) – organizer(n) – organization(n) – organizational(adj)

организовывать – организатор – организация – организационный

produce(v) – producer(n) – production(n) – productive(adj) –

productivity(adv)

производить – производитель – производство – продуктивный –

продуктивность

Exercise 10. Translate the following sentences into Russian using the

dictionary. Translate only separate word phrases. Ask Ss to guess the rest

of the meaning of the words in the sentence.

1. on the peaceful principles – на принципах мира и согласия

2. objective need – объективная необходимость

equality – равенство

mutual benefit – взаимная выгода

3. efficient economy – эффективная экономика

least – наименее

possible cost – возможная цена

4. raw materials – сырьё

5. foreign trade – зарубежный рынок

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6. exceed – превышать

7. invisible – невидимый

unfavorable – нежелательный

Exercise 11. Translate the following definitions into English.

Economics – a science which includes two disciplines: microeconomy and

macroeconomy.

Microeconomics – a unit which deals with the functioning of individual

industries, consumers and markets. It also studies the influence of

government’s behaviour (regulation and taxes) on separate markets.

Microeconomy attempts to find laws and principles of prices, salary and

income.

Macroeconomy – a unit which studies economy as a whole thing.

Particularly it deals with common numbers of production, inflation and

unemployment.

Exercise 12.



Listening.

Ss listen to the story about what the life was before the industrial

revolution. While listening Ss tick the words which are necessary

1. length of live √

2. housing √

3. illnesses – not mentioned

4. work – not mentioned

5. food √

6. having children √

Tapescript

Before economic growth came to Europe, life was very short and very

hard. In those days, terrible diseases were very normal. This meant that

life was very short. In fact, life expectancy — which means how long

people live — was only 25 years. People lived simple, subsistence level

lives. They tried to grow just enough food to live, but often there was not

enough. Many children died because they didn't have the food they

needed. One in every three babies born died before they were five years

old. There were few doctors, and even fewer medicines. Having children

was dangerous for the child and for the mother. One in ten women died

giving birth to their children. Then, about 250 years ago, the Industrial

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Revolution started, and this brought about new ways of thinking. Societies

became more democratic. Education became available to more people. The

miracle of economic growth had begun.

Mach the description with the numbers.

Answers: 1. C, 2. D, 3. B, 4. A

Exercise 13. Discuss the following questions before reading the text.

Before asking the questions it is recommended to study the words which

are given after the text in Exercise 13.

While reading, help Ss with difficult extracts explaining and translating

some words, if necessary. Ask different Ss to read and translate.

Exercise 15. Answer the following questions.

1. What is an economic system? – a system for the management, use and

control of the money, goods and other resources of a country,

community or household.

2. What distinguishes an economic system from another one? – the

control of the factor of production and the interaction of business,

government and consumers.

3. What types of economic system do you know? – capitalism (or pure

capitalism), mixed capitalism and communism (socialism).

4. In whose hands are the factors of production in capitalism? – in private

hands.

5. Who makes economic decisions under capitalism? Does the

marketplace have influence on them? – economic decisions are made

freely according to the market forces of supply and demand.

6. Whose interests do producers and consumers pursue in the market? –

their own self-interests.

7. If a company produces a defective product, will it be sold or rejected

by consumers? – it will be rejected by consumers in case when the

price for this product is high. What do you think of it? – the answer to

this question is not given in the text. Discuss it in the group.

8. Are you for or against the government’s regulation of economic

conduct in Russia? – the answer to this question is not given in the

text. Discuss it in the group.

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Exercise 16. Give English equivalents for the following words and phrases

from the text.

Экономическая система – economic system, труд – labour,

преследовать собственные интересы – to pursue self-interests,

снижать цены – to reduce prices, распределять ресурсы – to allocate

resources, удовлетворять общественные потребности – to satisfy

social needs, чистый капитализм – pure capitalism, факторы

производства – production factors, взаимодействие производителей и

покупателей – interaction of producers and customers, отвергнуть

товар – to reject goods, регулировать предпринимательство – to

regulate entrepreneurship.

Exercise 17. Translate into English.

1. The market is regulated by the interaction of customers and producers.

2. Economic system – method, which is used by society to allocate its

resources.

3. We are told that economics of Russia is recovering.

4. The rate of country’s economical development is defined by the level

and character of production forces and production relations.

5. In capitalism, economic decisions are taken in accordance with the

market laws of supply and demand.

6. Economic system is regulated by the market.

7. A product is rejected by customers if it is defective or charged too

much.

8. A great number of goods are produced by the industries every year.

Exercise 18. Match synonyms in columns A and B.

doldrums -

depression

progress -

advance

country -

state

to distinguish -

to define

to allocate -

to distribute

to demand -

to require

to recover -

to get better

to produce -

to manufacture

to buy -

to purchase

defective -

faulty

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to reduce -

to lower

behaviour -

conduct

Exercise 19.



Listening

A. Before listening ask Ss to look at the diagram of Supply and

Demand. Ask Ss to fill in the blank spaces with the words from the

table.

B. Listen and check if you were right.

Some useful vocabulary

vertical axis – вертикальная ось

horizontal axis – горизонтальная ось

equilibrium point – точка равновесия

Tapescript

In the chart you can see how supply and demand work together. Along the

vertical axis, the line going up, we have price. Along the horizontal axis,

the line at the bottom from left to right, we have the amount of the product

or service bought and sold. The chart has two curves: a blue curve and a

green curve. The blue curve is the demand curve. You can clearly see that

people buy less of something when it is more expensive, and more of

something as it becomes cheaper. The green line is called the supply

curve. To understand how this works, imagine you are a producer,

somebody who makes things, to produce more of something, you need

more materials and more workers. This all costs you, the producer, much

more. For this reason, you will ask for a higher price. You can see this on

the green supply Curve. The more you supply to the market, the higher the

price you ask for each product or unit. So you can clearly see that there is

a problem here. Consumers buy more when things are cheaper, but

producers ask a higher price when they supply more. The role of the

market is to find the price that both consumers and producers are happy

with. This is called the equilibrium point.

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Answers:

1. Price; 2. Amount bought and sold; 3. Demand curve; 4. Supply curve;

5. Equilibrium point.

Exercise 20. Match the terms with the definitions.

Capitalism – is an economic system where the factors of production are in

private hands and economic decisions are made freely according to the

market forces of supply and demand.

Economy – is a system for the management, use and control of the money,

goods and other resources of a country, community or household.

Microeconomics – deals with the functioning of individual industries and

the behaviour of individual economic decision making units: single

business firms and households.

Macroeconomics – explores the decisions that individual businesses and

consumers make.

Exercise 21. Translate the words in brackets into English.

1. The most important economic questions (затронуты – are touched) in

the Financial Times and the Economist.

2. Adam Smith (по праву считается – is considered to be) the founder

of political economics.

3. A lot of questions (задают и отвечают – are asked and answered) at

the lectures on economics.

4. The United Kingdom is considered one of the world’s (мировой лидер

производства товаров – the world’s leader in producing goods).

5. About two per cent of the population of the UK (вовлечены/заняты –

are involved in) in agriculture.

6. Today gold is mostly (добывается – is obtained) by mining.

7. Every country is interested in (экспорте – export of) its manufactured

goods.

8. What questions (обсуждаются – are discussed) during business

talks?

9. The Leipzig Fair, which is (проводится – held) twice a year, is very

popular with businessmen of different countries.