Болсуновская Л.М., Абрамова Р.Н., Матвеенко И.А. (ред.) Petroleum engineering. Teachers book. Нефтегазовое дело. Книга для учителя

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Exercise 13. Read the following text and answer the questions

1. What types of cracks exist?

2. What factors cause the formation of cracks?

3. What materials are more affected by cracks?

4. What types of cracks are shown on these photos?

5. What caused their formation?

Exercise 14. Read the information about “Applied coatings” and then the

statements and circle T(true) or F (false).

1. F – Plating, painting, and the application of enamel are the most

common anti-corrosion treatments

2. T

3. F – Platings usually fail only in small sections

4. T

5. F – The primary purpose of the coating is to protect the pipe surface

from its external environment

6. T

7. F – From the early 1960s to the early 1980s, polyethylene tape coatings

were field applied

Exercise 15. Match the questions about ”Cathodic protection” on the left

with the answers on the right.

1. E, 2. G, 3. D, 4. A, 5. F, 6. B, 7. C.

Exercise 16. Describe the CP application by writing the following sentences

in the correct order.

A. driving force for corrosion reaction is stopped

B. metal surface becomes uniform potential

C. steel surface is polarized

D. current flow is driven by electrochemical potential

difference

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Exercise 21. Role play.

Conference organization (Here is an example – 4

SEEITA Conference

pp)

1. prepare application form for the future participants (sender-receiver)

2. proposals (presentation, poster-presentation, report)

3. invitation (refusal\ confirmation)

4. Conference session

5. business card for the Conference

All necessary instruction for writing can be found in the booklet

“Technical and Professional Communication”.

SEEITA Conference & 3

MASIT Open Days

Conference of the SEE IT

Associations and Businesses

11-12 of May, 2006, Skopje,

Macedonia

Information Update: 4.0

Skopje, 04.April.2006

We are approaching the 4-th SEEITA Conference,

and 3-rd MASIT Open Days event.

Just to remind you, the first SEEITA conference

was held in Ohrid (Oct’2002) and the second and

third conferences, and MASIT Open Days in

Skopje (Nov’2003, and Feb’2005).

In the meantime, jointly we established an

excellent regional cooperation framework. We

expect this conference to focus on business

networking, identifying growth markets in the

Southeast European region and initiate new

collaborative projects.

The event is under the patronage of the

Government of the Republic of Macedonia. MAIN

CONFERENCE OBJECTIVES

 Regional cooperation promotion

 Regional ICT solutions promotion

 Business Networking

 Implementation of international quality and

management standards

 Human resources development

 How to develop the SEE IT region into a

globally competitive marketplace

163

DATE

 11-12 May, 2006.

PLACE

 Skopje, Macedonia –

Skopje, MBC Center, Skopje Fair

BUSINESS CHARACTER



We encourage IT companies from the SEE region to participate. The

conference is an excellent opportunity for business networking, finding growth

markets and industries, and establishing business relationships.

 All SEE markets are experiencing rapid growth, both as IT markets and as

suppliers to multinational companies around the globe. Please see

http://www.businesweek.com/extras – edition 12 December 2005.

 Macedonia became an EU candidate on 17 December 2005. On the way to

the EU, Macedonia will try to improve many legislative requirements. The Macedonian

government will initiate many IT projects to support these changes. Government

implementation, healthcare and judicial system are only the tip of the iceberg, coming

in next several years. We belong to the emerging markets countries, and this premier

event is an excellent opportunity for the large multinational IT vendors to present their

IMPORTANT DATES - DEADLINES

 20.04.2006 Submitting PROPOSAL for PRESENTATION

 27.04.2006 Sending the final PRESENTATION file

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

 Official language of the conference is English.

PARTICIPATION FEE

 Standard Participation Fee is 80 EUR and includes conference materials,

CD with recorded presentations, lunches and refreshments.

 10 % discount (72 Euro) for early registration and payment till 20.04.2006.

164

MAIN CONFERENCE TOPICS

 Regional cooperation (Survey on the IT industries from the SEE region, proposals

for joint venture projects, case studies, business environment, governmental support,

donor programs, etc.)

 Corporate Excellence (QA procedures and methodologies, CMMI/IT Mark, SW

testing, project management, certification, consulting services, best practice cases)

 Education and Human Resources Development (Survey on the educational

programs from the region, training programs introduction… etc.)

 B2B cooperation (outsourcing, SW development, IT services, available resources,

case studies, proposals for outsourcing consortiums)

 IT Solutions from the region (e-Government, e-Business, e-Learning, e-Health etc.,

EU-funded ICT infrastructure development projects, case studies, possibilities for joint

venture projects)

CALL FOR PRESENTATIONS

 You are welcome to send us proposals for presentations.

 1 chief moderator per panel session

 1 assistant moderator per panel session

 up to 5 slides for each panel – up to 25 slides in total by each Association

 At least two company presentations / country

 You can register your presentation On-line (will be available soon), or by emailing

us the presentation abstract. Please make sure presentations are areas of interest

for most of the participants.

SESSION PRESENTATIONS

 Conference information newsletters will inform you and your members regularly

about the proposed presentations.

 Please check the final dates for sending the presentation proposals.

REGISTRATION

 You can register your participation on the Web, by Email or Fax. Please send one

application form per Participant.

 Submit your proposal for presentation on the Web, by Email or Fax. Please send one

application form per Presentation.

HOTEL ACCOMODATION

 The conference organizer will book rooms for the participants at special discounted

price. Please book your room at the registration.

CONTACT

165

UNIT 5

OIL STORAGE

Lead-in. (BRAINSTORMING – is an activity which aims to help

students with this important pre-writing stage of getting ideas together. In

this task, it is a pair-work activity.)

STAGE 1:

Group work responding to a text discussion. During this stage, each group

will discuss its own topic.

GROUP A GROUP B

STAGE 2: Sharing ideas of response to the text. Divide the students into

two new groups, so that each group has a member with different

information.

A B A B

Now the members of each new group will share their ideas.

STAGE 3: Now each student must jot down all the information he\she

remembers.

I. Jig-saw plan (1-2 minute) short one-point talk- What is stress?

II. Multi-point conversation (5 minutes).

Exercise 4. Match the verbs with the corresponding nouns.

1. erect

f. bolted tanks

2. flush

h. solids

3. provide

k. storage capacity

4.reduce

m. vapour loss

5. meet

e. requirements

6. fabricate

c. API specifications

7. remove

a. water

8. design

l. field-welded tanks

9. replace

d. tank bottom

10. calculate

j. tank-shell thickness

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11. exceed

b. design pressure

12. attach

i. fixed roof

13.furnish

g. protection coating

Exercise 5. Compose collocations from the following words.

tank

roof

pressure

coating

shop-welded

fixed

atmospheric

protection

bolted-steel

floating

design

factory-baked

field-welded

equivalent

painted

cone bottom

galvanized

above-

ground

shop-

fabricated

Exercise 6. Divide these words into two categories. Give your examples with

these words.

PREFIXES

A prefix is a syllable, 2 syllables or sometimes even a word, put at the

beginning of a word to change its meaning or to make another word.

Prefixes are often used to give an adjective or a noun a negative meaning,

but there are also lots of other prefixes with specific meanings.

Prefixes with the meaning “not”.

The most common prefixes used to give a negative meaning to adjectives,

and some verbs and nouns:

PREFIX

USE

EXAMPLE

Un-

Used with many different words

undeformed

undiminished

Im-

Used before words beginning with m or p

immovable

Il-

Used with some words beginning with l

illegible

Ir-

Used before some words beginning with

irreversible

In-

Used before a limited number of words

incompressibility

\ invariance

Dis-

Used before some adjectives and a few

verbs

displacement

167

Non-

«not»

non-stationary

non-polar

De-

«taken away from»

deformation

Inter-

«between»

intersection

interrelated

Re-

«again, back»

refilled

** Unfortunately, there is no easy way of knowing which prefix any adjective

will use to form its negative. So when you learn a new adjective, note down

whether it has an opposite formed with a prefix and, if so, what it is.

The prefix in- does not always have a negative meaning; often it gives the

idea of inside or into.

Verb prefixes un – and dis- have two meanings. They can have a negative meaning,

but they can also mean «the opposite of an action or to reverse an action».

Non prefix re-

reduce

relate

require

prefix re-

re-place

re-move

re-erect

Exercise 7. Fill in the gaps using the word formations. Make all necessary

changes. REVISION: PASSIVE VOICE \ ACTIVE VOICE

fabricate fabrication fabricated

1. The tanks are fabricated according to Standard API specifications.

2. The internal tank walls are painted during fabrication.

3. Shop fabricated permits testing in a sop for leaks.

erect erection re-erect

168

1. API Standard includes material, design, fabrication and erection for

welded steel storage tanks.

2. Bolted steel tanks can be easily dismantled and re-erected in a new

location.

3. Floating roof tanks are erected in areas of heavy snowfalls.

install installation

1. When a tank bottom is dam

aged, a new connection is installed without

danger.

2. Tank installation is performed in four stages.

exist existence non-existent

1. The installation of wooden tanks is nearly non existent.

2. Floating roofs can be installed in existing tanks.

3. The existence of different tanks makes it possible to apply them in

various environments.

Exercise 8. Complete the text using the words and phrases in the list.

0. storage

6. re-erected

1. bolted steel

7. tank bottom

2. segmental

8. corrosion

3. on location

9. sheet

4. API specification

10. manually

5. dismantled

11. galvanized

12. gauge steel

169

Exercise 9. The pictures show the installation process of tanks. Read the

information and number the steps.

Tank installation is to be performed in the following sequence:

1. d. tank bottom is assembled on the prefabricated foundation from

separate steel plates;

2. a. separate steel plates which are welded to each other;

3. i. system of hydraulic lifting jacks forming a conductor is set up

around the whole perimeter;

4. f. tank wall is assembled of the steel belts up to 3 m wide;

5. b. assembled circular belts are installed by the method of top-down

construction;

6. h. a fixed roof is installed upon the assembly of the first belts;

7. e. then fixed roof is lifted up together with the tank shell;

8. c. tank is to be lowered down on the bottom elements upon assembly

of the last belt;

9. g. the rims are welded to the tank bottom.

Exercise 10. Answer the following questions.

What is top-down construction method?

1. What is chime welding?

2. How many hydraulic lifting jacks are set up around the whole

perimeter?

• A series of hydraulic jacks connected to each other with high

pressure hoses is tied-in to high pressure pump providing for

synchronous jack operation.

A guide with a lifting holder transfer the lifting forces to the lugs

welded to the shell plates. A conductor keeps the shell belt in the

required position during lifting operations.

• Guide supports on the tank bottom provide for fixing of shell panels

in exact position required for installation and serve as support

structures during welding.

• Structures are welded following purpose-developed and approved

procedures. Bottom structures, roof and horizontal circular welds

are made by semi-automatic welding by powder wire. Vertical

welds are performed manually.

170

• Particularly important is that heavy-lifting equipment is not

required for installation. 15–20 Mt capacity cranes can be applied.

3. What is the maximum distance between the jacks?

Required number of jacks is determined in accordance with the tank sizes

and weight. Maximum distance between the jacks is 5 m.

4. What are circular belts?

tank wall is assembled of the steel belts up to 3 m wide.

5. Why must the steel belts be up to 3 m wide? If not then state the width

of these belts?

The assembled circular belts are lifted by the jacks followed by

installation of the next belt instead of the previous one.

6. What are the advantages of top-down construction?

• this erection method is applicable for various tank types and sizes;

• welding and installation are performed mainly at the ground level

providing the greatest safety and erection accuracy;

• all operations are duly secured and safe for personnel;

• major welding is carried out inside the tank and does not depend on

weather conditions;

• the method considerably reduces the installation time;

• welding is easily accessible for inspection;

• once the roof is fixed on the top shell belt at the beginning of the

installation, the tank is provided with wind load stability.

Exercise 11. Read the statements. Circle T (true) and F (false).

1. T

2. T

3. F – The cone-bottom in either the bolted or the welded tank offers a

means of draining and removing water or water-cut oil, from only the

bottom of the tank, leaving the marketable oil above

4. F – Floating roof storage tanks may be tank type, used primarily for

storage near atmosphere pressure

5. T

6. F – Fixed roofs are permanently attached to the tank shell