Dinc Ibrahim. Refrigeration systems and applications 2th edition
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Subject Index 461
ground source heat pump, 346
benefit, 349
closed-loop system, 352
comfort, 350
cost, 349
direct exchange system, 353
efficiency and COP, 349
environment, 350
factor, 348
installation, 358
open-loop system, 351
operational principle, 356
performance, 303
suitability, 350
types, 350
H
halocarbons, 170
heat pipe, 379, 380
against gravity orientation, 398
applications, 383
arrangement, 398
capillary structure, 392
component, 387
container, 389
cooler, 383
cryogenic, 387
dehumidifier, 407
design, 402
electronic cooling, 385
energy recovery, 410
gravity aided orientation, 398
heat exchanger cooler, 385
heat transfer limitation, 406
horizontal orientation, 398
hvac, 406
insulated water cooler, 384
manufacture, 402
micro, 387
operation, 395
performance, 399
thermal conductivity, 404
thermal resistance, 401
type, 386
use, 382
wick, 392
working fluid, 389
heat pump, 273, 276
absorption, 323
air-to-air, 293
air-to-water, 293
applications in industry, 283
capacity, 340
cascaded, 312
chemical, 315
classification, 290
coefficient of performance, 277, 349
design, 293
district heating and cooling, 282
efficiency, 277, 340
energy analysis, 305
energy efficiency ratio, 278
energy saving, 365
environmental impact, 367
exergy analysis, 306
ground-to-air, 293
ground-to-water, 293
ground source, 346
heating season performance factor, 279
hybrid system, 361
hydronic system, 365
ice source, 295
mechanical vapour-recompression, 284,
311
metal hydride, 318
operational aspects, 342
performance, 339
performance evaluation, 343
primary energy ratio, 278
quasi open cycle, 314
radiant panel heating and cooling, 363
Rankine powered, 312
resorption, 321
refrigerants, 335, 341
seasonal energy efficiency ratio, 279
sectoral use, 279
solar, 294
thermoelectric, 319
vapor compression, 296
vapor jet, 315
water-to-air, 291
water-to-water, 291
heat source, 286
air, 287
geothermal, 289
soil, 289
solar, 290
water, 288
CFCs, 336
Hydrocarbons, 337
heat transfer, 52
coefficient, 55
462 Subject Index
heat transfer (continued )
conduction, 52
convection, 52
radiation, 53
heating process, 46
humidification, 46
humidity ratio, 43
I
ideal gas, 15
incompressible flow, 50
incompressible substances, 14
insulation, 42
internal energy, 13, 20
irreversibility, 29
isomers, 69
J
jet principle, 342
K
Kelvin-Planck statement, 26
L
laminar flow, 49
latent heat, 10
latent heat of fusion, 10
length, 2
Linde-Hampson cycle, 227
liquefied natural gas (LNG), 241
M
Magnetic refrigeration, 262
Magnetocaloric effect, 262
manometer, 5
mass, 2
mass flow rate, 3
mass transfer, 20
Mcleod gauge, 5
Mechanical refrigeration, 106
mercury U-tube manometer, 5
monovalent, 277, 298
moist air, 43
mole, 2
Montreal protocol, 79
multistage refrigeration, 219
multistage cascade refrigeration, 241
N
natural convection, 54
Natural gas liquefaction, 241
newtonian fluid, 51
Newton’s law of cooling, 54
non-Newtonian fluid, 51
O
oil separator, 146
ozone depletion potential, 75
ozone, 73
ozone layer, 72, 73
P
Pascal, 3
PER, 38
Phase, 11
piezoelectric, 6
plunger gauge, 5
power, 21
Precooled Linde-Hampson cycle, 237
pressure, 3
absolute pressure, 5
atmospheric pressure, 4
barometric pressure, 4
pressure gauge, 5
process, 9
isentropic process, 14
isobaric process, 10
isothermal process, 9
isochoric process, 10
polytropic process, 18
refrigeration process, 10
psychrometric chart, 46
adiabatic saturation, 44
balance equation, 44
Dew point, 43
Degree of saturation, 44
Dry air, 43
Dry bulb, 44
Humidity ratio, 43
HVAC, 42
Moist air, 43
Relative humidity, 43
Saturated air, 43
Wet bulb, 44
psychrometrics, 42
definitions, 43
pure substance, 13
Q
quality, 10
quantity, 2
Subject Index 463
R
radiation heat transfer, 56
real gas, 13
receiver, 144, 157
reflectivity, 56
refrigerant, 63, 335
air, 66
alternative, 86
ammonia, 66, 92
azeotropic mixture, 67
carbon dioxide, 66, 93
CFC, 63
classification, 64
coding, 67
combination, 71
halocarbon, 64
hydrocarbon, 65
inorganic, 65
lubricating oil, 98
nonazeotropic micture, 67
prefix, 67
propane, 93
property, 97
R-123, 90
R-134a, 86
selection, 184
refrigeration, 23, 109
absorption, 182
air-standard 176
Carnot, 23
cascade, 157, 219
component, 113
cycle, 109, 112
ejector, 251
history, 110
intercooler, 220
metal hydride, 257
multistage, 219
solar, 260
steam jet, 250
system, 219
thermoacoustic, 256
thermoelectric, 252
twin, 175
refrigerator, 22
relative humidity, 29
reversed Carnot cycle, 23
reversibility, 29
reversible work, 29
Reynolds number, 49
S
Sensible heat, 10
State postulate, 10
Strain, 6
saturated air, 43
saturated vapour, 10
second law efficiency, 33
second law of thermodynamics
(SLT), 26
secondary loop system, 266
secondary refrigerant, 70
sensible heat, 10
solar refrigeration, 260
specific enthalpy, 14
specific entropy, 14
specific heat, 13
specific heat ratio, 17
specific internal energy, 14
specific volume, 3
state, 10
change, 11
postulate, 10
steady flow process, 21
steam jet refrigeration, 250
Stefan Boltzman law, 56
Storing air, 17
strainer, 146
stratosphere, 72
stratospheric ozone depletion, 74
stream, 46
subcooling, 47, 169
sublimination, 13
substance, 13
suction line, 157
superheated vapor, 10
superheating, 168
supermarket refrigeration, 263
sytem, 9
T
temperature, 6, 43
dew point, 43
dry-bulb, 44
wet-bulb, 44
thermal conductivity, 53
thermal diffusivity, 57
thermal resistance, 62
thermal efficiency, 30
thermistor, 8
thermocouple, 7
thermoacoustic refrigeration, 256
464 Subject Index
thermoelectric refrigeration, 252
COP, 254
thermodynamic equilibrium, 15
thermodynamic property, 10
extensive properties, 10
intensive properties, 10
thermodynamic system, 10
closed system, 9
isolated system, 9
open system, 9
thermodynamic table, 11
steam tables, 11
vapour tables, 11
thermodynamics, 2, 21
first law, 21
second law, 27
thermometer, 6
throttling device, 140
capillary tube, 141
constant pressure expansion valve, 130
energy analysis, 142
exergy analysis, 142
float valve, 141
thermostatic expansion valve, 140
time, 2
triple point, 13
troposphere, 73
turbulent flow, 49
U
uniform flow, 48
units, 2
unsteady flow, 48
V
vacuum, 5
valve, 141
check, 146
constant pressure expansion valve,
141
float valve, 141
solenoid, 147
thermostatic expansion, 140
vapor, 10
state, 10
quality, 10
viscosity, 50
dynamic, 50
kinematic, 50
volumetric flow rate, 3
W
wall, 51
work, 20
flow, 21
interactions, 21
working fluid, 256, 184, 32