25
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɨɥɚ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪ-
ɧɵɟ, ɲɚɪɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ
ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɬ 200 ɞɨ 5–10 ɧɦ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɥɟ ɜ ɲɚɪɨ-
ɜɨɣ ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɟ ɛɨɪɢɞɚ FeB ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɪɚɡɦɟ-
ɪɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 8 ɧɦ. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɢɬɚɧɚɬɚ ɛɚ-
ɪɢɹ ȼɚɌiO
3
ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥ-
ɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ 5–25 ɧɦ.
Ɇɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɛɨɪɢɞɨɜ, ɤɚɪɛɢɞɨɜ, ɫɢɥɢɰɢ-
ɞɨɜ, ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ, ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ
«ɜɡɪɵɜɧɵɦ» ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɜɢɛɪɨɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɚɯ; ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɪɨɬɟ-
ɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ (ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞ, ɛɨɪ ɢɥɢ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɣ) ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɢɧɭɬ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɤɚɪɛɢɞɨɜ ɛɨɪɚ, ɬɢɬɚɧɚ, ɰɢɪɤɨ-
ɧɢɹ, ɝɚɮɧɢɹ, ɜɚɧɚɞɢɹ, ɬɚɧɬɚɥɚ, ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ɜ ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɚɯ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɫɨ-
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 6–20 ɧɦ. ɉɨɪɨɲɤɢ ɧɢɬɪɢɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɦɨɥɨɦ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɛɪɨɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɟ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɚɡɨɬɚ.
Ɇɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɪɛɢɞɨɜ TiC,
ZrC, VC ɢ
NbC ɢɡ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨ-
ɝɞɚ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɦɨɥɭ ɜ ɲɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɟ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɪ-
ɛɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ 4–12 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɪɚɡɦɨɥɚ; ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ
48 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɪɚɡɦɨɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ ɨɤɨɥɨ 7 ɧɦ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɛɢɞɧɵɯ
ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ ɤ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɭ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɤɚɪɛɢɞ ɧɢɨ-
ɛɢɹ – ɩɪɢ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɬ 300 ɞɨ 1 300 Ʉ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ
ɡɟɪɟɧ NbC ɭɜɟɥɢ-
ɱɢɥɫɹ ɨɬ 7–10 ɞɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɥɢɲɶ 30 ɧɦ; ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ ɤ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɭ ɛɵɥ
ɤɚɪɛɢɞ ɜɚɧɚɞɢɹ, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɟɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ
1 000–1 200 Ʉ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥɚ ɤ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɡɟɪɟɧ ɞɨ 90 ɧɦ. ɇɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɈɐɄ ɫɩɥɚɜɵ Fe-Ni ɢ Fe-Al ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɡɟɪɟɧ 5–15 ɧɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ
ɪɚɡɦɨɥɨɦ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɲɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɢɛɪɨɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
300 ɱɚɫɨɜ.
ɂɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ (ɧɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ) ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢ
-
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ, ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɦɟ-
ɫɢ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɝɨɧɨɦ ɲɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɟ
ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 100 ɱɚɫɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɚɡɦɨɥ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɯ
(~ 75 ɦɤɦ) ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ, ɝɪɚɮɢɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭ-
ɱɢɬɶ ɧɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ WC-Co ɢɡ ɡɟɪɟɧ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ ɢ ɤɚɪɛɢɞɚ
ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 11–12 ɧɦ.
ȼ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɦ ɫɩɥɚɜɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ-
ɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɪɢ 1 310 Ʉ, ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɡɟɪɟɧ ɤɚɪɛɢɞɚ
WC ɢɦɟɥɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɦɟɧɟɟ 200 ɧɦ, ɬ. ɟ. ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ