77
8.1. Ɋɩɦɣɧɩɫɯɣɢɧ ZrO
2
ZrO
2
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢ-
ɹɯ: ɦɨɧɨɤɥɢɧɧɨɣ, ɬɟɬɪɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɪɨɦɛɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ. ɇɢɡɤɨ-
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ZrO
2
– ɦɨɧɨɤɥɢɧɧɚɹ. Ɍɟɬɪɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɢ-
ɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ ZrO
2
ɞɨ 1 000–1 200 °ɋ. ɉɪɢ ɦɨɧɨ-
ɤɥɢɧɧɨ-ɬɟɬɪɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɤɚ-
ɬɢɨɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɬɟɬɪɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ. Ɍɟɬɪɚɝɨ-
ɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɚ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 2 320 °ɋ, ɩɪɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɧɚ-
ɝɪɟɜɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɬɢɩɚ. Ʉɭ-
ɛɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɨɬ 2 320
°ɋ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼɫɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɵ ZrO
2
ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ-
ɬɭɪɚɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ M l T l Ʉ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɟ-
ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ M l Ʉ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ, ɚ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ M l T
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɵɦ (ɦɚɪɬɟɧɫɢɬɧɵɦ). ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɨɪɮɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɢɚɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɧɨɤɥɢɧɧɨ-ɬɟɬɪɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
4–9 %, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɬɪɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ – 3 %. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɴ-
ɟɦɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɣ ZrO
2
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ-
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ ɛɥɢɡ-
ɤɢɯ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɫ ɤɪɢ-
ɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɬɢɩɚ ɮɥɸɨɪɢɬɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɨɤɫɢɞɵ: MgO, CaO, Y
2
O
3
, CeO
2
ɢ ɞɪ.
8.2. ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞɣɺ ɲɛɬɭɣ ɣ ɬɝɩɤɬɭɝɛ ɪɩɫɩɳɥɩɝ ɝ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɠ ZrO
2
–MgO
ɍɥɶɬɪɚɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɢ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɪɤɨɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨ-
ɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ – ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ,
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɜɡɪɵɜ, ɝɚɡɨɮɚɡɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ, ɦɟɯɚɧɨɫɢɧɬɟɡ, ɢ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ – ɦɟɬɨɞ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ.
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɬɪɟɛɨ-
ɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɤ
ɟɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɢ ɯɢɦɢ-
ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɟ. ȼ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮ-
ɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɨɞɧɚ-
ɤɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɵ. ȼ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ
ɦɟɬɨɞ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɟ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ, ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤ-
ɰɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɚɫɩɵɥɟ-
ɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɩɥɚɡɦɭ ɞɭɝɨɜɨ-