83
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟ-
ɦɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ, ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɝɚɡɚ, ɨɛɭ-
ɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ (ɨɛ-
ɥɨɦɤɨɜ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɩɥɟɧɨɤ), ɩɨɪ, ɧɟɪɨɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰ.
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟ-
ɫɬɜɚ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ZrO
2
–MgO ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɧɚɫɵɩɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ 0,4 ɝ/ɫɦ
3
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬ-
ɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ
0,75 ɦɤɦ ɞɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ 1,2 ɝ/ɫɦ
3
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɡ
ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ – 1,8 ɦɤɦ. ɇɚɫɵɩɧɚɹ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ – ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɨɩ-
ɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɧɚɫɵɩ-
ɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɢ, ɬɨ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨ-
ɦɟɪɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɨɬ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ-
ɫɵɩɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬ-
ɜɨɦ, ɩɨɜɥɢɹɜɲɢɦ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɧɚɫɵɩɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢ-
ɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ZrO
2
–MgO, ɫɬɚɥɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟ-
ɫɬɜɚ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɵ,
ɧɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ.
8.3. ɇɠɰɛɨɣɲɠɬɥɛɺ ɩɜɫɛɜɩɭɥɛ ɮɦɷɭɫɛɟɣɬɪɠɫɬɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɫɩɳɥɛ ZrO
2
(MgO)
ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɟ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɢ
ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ-
ɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɬɟɧ-
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ
ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
Ƚɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɞɢɫ-
ɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɚ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ – ɨɬɞɟɥɟ-
ɧɢɟɦ
ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɜ (ɫɟɞɢɦɢɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ) ɥɢɛɨ ɢɯ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ-
ɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ɉɪɢ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɟɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ: ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɞɟ-
ɮɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɨɬ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨ-
ɫɬɚɜɭ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ ZrO
2
(3 % ɜɟɫ. MgO) ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɜ ɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɧɨɣ
ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɟ ɫ ɦɟɥɸɳɢɦɢ ɬɟɥɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɚɥɸɦɨɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɣ ɤɟɪɚ-
ɦɢɤɢ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɨɥɚ (ɛɟɡ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ