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The files that I want to download are located in the pics subdirectory, so
the next command to issue is cd pics. This results in the following output:
250 CWD command successful.
ftp>
Once again, the command’s output isn’t exactly what you’d expect. The FTP
protocol doesn’t actually have a CD command. Instead, it uses a command
named CWD, which stands for change working directory, to change the directory.
The Windows FTP client uses command CD instead of CWD to be more
consistent with the Windows/MS-DOS user interface, which uses the command
CD to change directories. When you type a CD command at the ftp> prompt,
the FTP client sends a CWD command to the FTP server. The server then
replies with the message CWD command successful to indicate that the
directory has been changed.
Next, type dir again. The FTP server displays the directory listing for the
pics directory:
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
06-27-07 10:04PM 123126 door.jpg
06-27-07 10:06PM 112457 echair.jpg
06-27-07 10:06PM 81610 fence.jpg
06-27-07 10:09PM 138102 fog.jpg
06-27-07 10:09PM 83712 gallows.jpg
06-27-07 10:10PM 166741 ghost.jpg
06-27-07 09:58PM 119859 skel01.jpg
06-27-07 10:05PM 87720 wall.jpg
226 Transfer complete.
ftp: 400 bytes received in 0.00Seconds 400000.00Kbytes/sec.
ftp>
Here, you can see that the pics directory contains eight files. To download
a file, you use the GET command, specifying the name of the file that you
want to download. For example, to download the door.jpg file, type get
door.jpg. The FTP server transfers the file to your computer and displays
the following response:
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for door.jpg(123126 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
ftp: 123126 bytes received in 0.13Seconds 985.01Kbytes/sec.
ftp>
Notice again that the response indicates that the command actually processed
by the server is a PORT command. The file is transferred in ASCII mode.
The entire transfer takes 0.13 seconds, which works out to a transfer rate of
about 985K per second.
After you download the file, you can end the session by typing bye. FTP
responds by displaying the site’s goodbye message; then it returns you to
the MS-DOS command prompt:
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221 Hurry back...
C:\>
Of course, FTP is a lot more involved than this simple session suggests. Still,
the most common use of FTP is to download files, and most downloads are
no more complicated than this example.
FTP Command and Subcommand Reference
The rest of this chapter is an FTP command reference. In the following
sections, you can find complete reference information for the FTP
command and all its subcommands. The first command described is the
FTP command itself. After that, all the FTP command subcommands are listed
in alphabetical order.
The FTP command
What it does: Starts the FTP client so that you can transfer files to
and from an FTP server
Syntax: ftp [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-s:filename] [-a]
[-w:windowsize] [-A] [host]
Parameters: -v Turns off Verbose mode.
-d Turns on Debug mode.
-i Turns off Prompt mode.
-n Forces manual logon.
-g Turns off Glob mode.
-s Specifies a script file that contains FTP commands.
-a Specifies that any network interface can be
used to bind the data connection.
-w Specifies the size of the transmission buffer.
The default is 4K.
-A Automatically logs on as Anonymous.
Host: The FTP server to which you want to connect.
This can be the server’s DNS name or an IP address.
Examples: ftp ftp.lowewriter.com
ftp ftp.lowewriter.com -A
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More info: Unlike most Windows commands, the switches for this
command begin with a hyphen, not a slash.
If you want to script subcommands, use the -s switch.
Input redirection doesn’t work with FTP.
When FTP is running, the prompt ftp> appears.
When this prompt is displayed, you can enter any of
the FTP subcommands described in the rest of this
chapter.
! (Escape)
What it does: Escape to a command shell
Syntax: !
More info: This command brings up a temporary command prompt
so that you can enter commands. To return to the ftp>
prompt, type exit.
? (Help)
What it does: Displays Help information
Syntax: ? [command]
help [command]
Example: help mput
More info: ? and help are interchangeable. If you enter ? or help
by itself, a list of FTP commands appears. If you enter
? or help followed by a command name, a summary of
that command’s function appears.
append
What it does: Uploads a file and appends it to the end of an existing
file on the remote system
Syntax: append localfile [remotefile]
Example: append extra.txt start.txt
More info: If you omit the remotefile parameter, the remote file
is assumed to have the same name as the local file.
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ascii
What it does: Sets the ASCII transfer mode
Syntax: ascii
More info: This command sets the transfer type of ASCII, which is
best suited for text files. ASCII is the default transfer
type.
bell
What it does: Causes the FTP client to beep when each transfer is
complete
Syntax: bell
More info: This command is useful when you’re downloading long
files and want to take a nap during the download.
Unfortunately, it doesn’t beep when it sees your boss
approaching your office, so you’ll need some other
alarm system to cover that contingency.
binary
What it does: Sets the binary transfer type
Syntax: binary
More info: The binary file type is best for executable files and
other nontext files.
bye
What it does: Ends the FTP session and exits the FTP client
Syntax: bye
More info: This is the command to use when you’re done. It’s the
same as the quit command.
cd
What it does: Changes the working directory on the remote computer
Syntax: cd remotedirectory
Example: cd pics
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More info: Use this to change to the directory that contains the
files you want to download or the directory to which
you want to upload files.
Type cd \ to go to the root directory.
close
What it does: Closes the session with the remote computer but
doesn’t leave the FTP program
Syntax: close
More info: You can use this command if you want to switch to
another FTP server without leaving and restarting the
FTP program. This command is the same as the
disconnect command.
debug
What it does: Toggles Debug mode
Syntax: debug
More info: When Debug mode is on, the FTP client displays the
actual FTP commands that are sent to the FTP server.
This can be useful if you’re an FTP guru trying to
diagnose a problem with a server or a client, but it can
also be fun if you just want to see how FTP client
commands (like CD) get translated into FTP server
commands (like CWD).
delete
What it does: Deletes the specified file on the remote computer
Syntax: delete remotefile
Example: delete fright.txt
More info: You can delete only one file at a time with this command.
To delete more than one file in a single command, use
the mdelete command.
dir
What it does: Lists contents of remote directory
Syntax: dir [remotedirectory] [localfile]
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Examples: dir
dir \pics
dir \pics picdir.txt
More info: The first parameter lets you list a directory other than
the current working directory. The second parameter lets
you capture the output to a file on the local computer.
disconnect
What it does: Disconnects from the remote computer but doesn’t
leave the FTP program
Syntax: disconnect
More info: You can use this command if you want to switch to
another FTP server without leaving and restarting the
FTP program. This command is the same as the close
command.
get
What it does: Downloads a file from the remote computer
Syntax: get remotefile [localfile]
Examples: get boo.exe
get boo.exe bar.exe
More info: This command downloads the specified file from the
current working directory on the remote system to the
current directory on the local system. The second
parameter lets you save the file using a different name
than the name used on the remote system.
You can use this command to download only one file
at a time. To download multiple files, use the mget
command.
This command is the same as the recv command.
glob
What it does: Toggles the use of wildcards for local filenames
Syntax: glob
More info: If globbing is on, you can use * and ? characters in
local filenames. Globbing is on by default.
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hash
What it does: Toggles the display of hash marks (#) to indicate
transfer progress
Syntax: hash
More info: Hash is off by default. If you turn it on by issuing the
hash command, a hash mark (#) appears each time a
2K data block is transferred. This helps you track the
progress of transfers.
help
What it does: Displays Help information
Syntax: ? [command]
help [command]
Example: help mput
More info: ? and help are interchangeable. If you enter ? or help
by itself, a list of FTP commands appears. If you enter
? or help followed by a command name, a summary of
that command’s function appears.
lcd
What it does: Changes the working directory on the local computer
Syntax: lcd localdirectory
Example: lcd \docs
More info: Use this to change to the directory you want to
download files to or that contains files you want to
upload.
literal
What it does: Sends a native FTP command directly to the server
Syntax: literal arguments . . .
Example: literal cwd pics
More info: Use this command if you’re an FTP guru and you want
to send a native FTP command to the server. It’s the
same as the quote command.
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ls
What it does: List contents of remote directory
Syntax: ls [remotedirectory] [localfile]
Examples: ls
ls \pics
ls \pics picdir.txt
More info: The first parameter lets you list a directory other than
the current working directory. The second parameter
lets you capture the output to a file on the local computer.
mdelete
What it does: Delete multiple files
Syntax: mdelete remotefile . . .
Examples: mdelete file1.txt
mdelete file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt
More info: This command deletes one or more files from the
current working directory on the remote system.
mdir
What it does: Lists the contents of multiple remote directories
Syntax: mdir remotedirectory . . . [localfile]
Example: mdir pics videos
More info: Specify a hyphen as the last parameter to display the
output on the screen. Otherwise, the last parameter
will be interpreted as the name of the local file you
want the directory listing captured to.
mget
What it does: Downloads multiple files
Syntax: mget remotefile . . .
Examples: mget file1.txt
mget file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt
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More info: This command downloads one or more files from the
current working directory on the remote system to the
current directory on the local computer.
mkdir
What it does: Creates a directory on the remote system
Syntax: mkdir remotedirectory
Example: mdir plans
More info: The new subdirectory is created in the current working
directory on the remote system.
mls
What it does: Lists the contents of multiple remote directories
Syntax: mls remotedirectory . . . [localfile]
Example: mls pics videos
More info: Specify a hyphen as the last parameter to display the
output on the screen. Otherwise, the last parameter
will be interpreted as the name of the local file you
want the directory listing captured to.
mput
What it does: Uploads multiple files
Syntax: mput localfile . . .
Examples: mput file1.txt
mput file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt
More info: This command uploads one or more files from the
current directory on the local system to the current
working directory on the remote system.
open
What it does: Connects to an FTP server
Syntax: open remotesystem [port]
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Examples: open ftp.microsoft.com
open ftp.weirdport.com 1499
More info: Specify the port number only if the remote system
does not use the standard FTP ports (20 and 21).
prompt
What it does: Toggles prompting for multiple transfers
Syntax: prompt
More info: When Prompt mode is on, you’re prompted for each
file before the file is transferred. Prompt mode is on by
default.
put
What it does: Uploads a file to the remote computer
Syntax: put localfile [remotefile]
Examples: put boo.exe
put boo.exe bar.exe
More info: This command uploads the specified file from the
current directory on the local system to the current
working directory on the remote system. The second
parameter lets you save the file with a different name
than the name used on the local system.
You can use this command to upload only one file at a
time. To upload multiple files, use the mput command.
This command is the same as the send command.
pwd
What it does: Displays the current working directory on the remote
computer
Syntax: pwd
More info: If you aren’t sure what the current directory is on the
remote system, use this command to find out.
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