Lowe D. Networking For Dummies
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Contents at a Glance
Introduction .......................................................................1
Book I: Networking Basics ..................................................7
Chapter 1: Understanding Networks ................................................................................................ 9
Chapter 2: Understanding Network Protocols and Standards ................................................... 21
Chapter 3: Understanding Network Hardware ............................................................................. 43
Chapter 4: Understanding Network Operating Systems .............................................................. 61
Book II: Building a Network ..............................................75
Chapter 1: Planning a Network ....................................................................................................... 77
Chapter 2: Installing Network Hardware ....................................................................................... 95
Chapter 3: Setting Up a Network Server ...................................................................................... 111
Chapter 4: Con guring Windows Clients ..................................................................................... 121
Chapter 5: Macintosh Networking ................................................................................................ 135
Chapter 6: Con guring Other Network Features ........................................................................ 141
Chapter 7: Verifying Your Network Installation ......................................................................... 151
Chapter 8: Going Virtual ................................................................................................................ 157
Book III: Network Administration and Security .................169
Chapter 1: Help Wanted: Job Description for a Network Administrator ................................. 171
Chapter 2: Security 101 .................................................................................................................. 185
Chapter 3: Managing User Accounts ............................................................................................ 195
Chapter 4: Firewalls and Virus Protection .................................................................................. 203
Chapter 5: Extending Your Network with VPN Access .............................................................. 215
Chapter 6: Managing Network Software ...................................................................................... 221
Chapter 7: Solving Network Problems ......................................................................................... 233
Chapter 8: Network Performance Anxiety ................................................................................... 249
Chapter 9: Backing Up Your Data ................................................................................................. 259
Chapter 10: Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning .......................................... 271
Book IV: TCP/IP and the Internet .....................................279
Chapter 1: Introduction to TCP/IP and the Internet .................................................................. 281
Chapter 2: Understanding IP Addresses ...................................................................................... 289
Chapter 3: Using DHCP .................................................................................................................. 307
Chapter 4: Using DNS ..................................................................................................................... 321
Chapter 5: Using FTP ...................................................................................................................... 347
Chapter 6: TCP/IP Tools and Commands .................................................................................... 371
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Book V: Wireless Networking ..........................................397
Chapter 1: Setting Up a Wireless Network .................................................................................. 399
Chapter 2: Securing a Wireless Network ..................................................................................... 419
Chapter 3: Hotspotting .................................................................................................................. 431
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting a Wireless Network ....................................................................... 437
Chapter 5: Wireless Networking with Bluetooth ........................................................................ 443
Book VI: Mobile Networking ............................................449
Chapter 1: Managing Mobile Devices ........................................................................................... 451
Chapter 2: Managing BlackBerry Devices ................................................................................... 455
Chapter 3: Managing iPhone Devices ........................................................................................... 461
Chapter 4: Managing Android Devices ........................................................................................ 469
Chapter 5: Managing Netbooks ..................................................................................................... 473
Book VII: Windows Server 2008 Reference .......................477
Chapter 1: Installing and Con guring Windows Server 2008 R2 ............................................... 479
Chapter 2: Managing Windows Server 2008 ................................................................................ 493
Chapter 3: Dealing with Active Directory .................................................................................... 509
Chapter 4: Managing Windows User Accounts ........................................................................... 519
Chapter 5: Managing a File Server ................................................................................................ 539
Chapter 6: Using Group Policy ...................................................................................................... 553
Chapter 7: Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................... 563
Chapter 8: Windows Commands .................................................................................................. 575
Book VIII: Using Other Windows Servers ..........................603
Chapter 1: Using Internet Information System (IIS) ................................................................... 605
Chapter 2: Managing Exchange Server 2010 ............................................................................... 615
Chapter 3: Using SQL Server 2008 ................................................................................................ 635
Chapter 4: Using SharePoint ......................................................................................................... 655
Book IX: Managing Linux Systems ...................................669
Chapter 1: Installing a Linux Server ............................................................................................. 671
Chapter 2: Getting Used to Linux ................................................................................................. 685
Chapter 3: Basic Linux Network Con guration .......................................................................... 693
Chapter 4: Running DHCP and DNS .............................................................................................. 707
Chapter 5: Doing the Samba Dance .............................................................................................. 717
Chapter 6: Running Apache ........................................................................................................... 731
Chapter 7: Running Sendmail ........................................................................................................ 743
Chapter 8: Running FTP ................................................................................................................. 753
Chapter 9: Linux Commands ......................................................................................................... 759
Appendix A: Directory of Useful Web Sites .......................787
Appendix B: Glossary ......................................................795
Index .............................................................................823
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Table of Contents
Introduction ........................................................................1
About This Book ..............................................................................................2
How to Use This Book .....................................................................................3
How This Book Is Organized ..........................................................................3
Book I: Networking Basics ....................................................................3
Book II: Building a Network ..................................................................4
Book III: Network Administration and Security .................................4
Book IV: TCP/IP and the Internet .........................................................4
Book V: Wireless Networking ...............................................................4
Book VI: Mobile Networking .................................................................4
Book VII: Windows Server 2008 R2 Reference ....................................5
Book VIII: Using Other Windows Servers ............................................5
Book IX: Managing Linux Systems .......................................................5
Icons Used in This Book .................................................................................5
Where to Go from Here ...................................................................................6
Book I: Networking Basics ...................................................7
Chapter 1: Understanding Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
What Is a Network? ..........................................................................................9
Network building blocks .....................................................................10
Why bother? .........................................................................................12
Of Clients and Servers ...................................................................................13
Dedicated Servers and Peers .......................................................................14
Networks Big and Small ................................................................................14
Network Topology .........................................................................................15
Bus topology .........................................................................................15
Star topology ........................................................................................16
Expanding stars ....................................................................................17
Ring topology .......................................................................................18
Mesh topology ......................................................................................18
Chapter 2: Understanding Network Protocols and Standards. . . . . . .21
Understanding Protocols ..............................................................................21
Understanding Standards .............................................................................23
The Seven Layers of the OSI Reference Model ..........................................24
The Physical Layer ..............................................................................25
The Data Link Layer .............................................................................26
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The Network Layer ..............................................................................28
The Transport Layer ...........................................................................30
The Session Layer ................................................................................32
The Presentation Layer .......................................................................32
The Application Layer .........................................................................33
Following a Packet through the Layers ......................................................33
The Ethernet Protocol ..................................................................................34
Standard Ethernet ................................................................................35
Fast Ethernet ........................................................................................36
Gigabit Ethernet ...................................................................................37
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite ............................................................................37
IP ............................................................................................................38
TCP ........................................................................................................39
UDP ........................................................................................................40
Other Protocols Worth Knowing About .....................................................41
Chapter 3: Understanding Network Hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Servers ............................................................................................................43
What’s important in a server ..............................................................43
Components of a server computer ....................................................44
Server form factors ..............................................................................46
Network Interface Cards ...............................................................................48
Network Cable ................................................................................................48
Coaxial cable ........................................................................................49
Twisted-pair cable ...............................................................................50
Switches ..........................................................................................................51
Repeaters ........................................................................................................54
Bridges ............................................................................................................ 55
Routers ............................................................................................................57
Network Attached Storage ...........................................................................58
Network Printers ...........................................................................................59
Chapter 4: Understanding Network Operating Systems. . . . . . . . . . . .61
Network Operating System Features ..........................................................61
Network support ..................................................................................61
File-sharing services ............................................................................62
Multitasking .......................................................................................... 62
Directory services ................................................................................64
Security services ..................................................................................64
Microsoft’s Server Operating Systems .......................................................65
Windows 2000 Server ..........................................................................66
Windows Server 2003 ..........................................................................66
Windows Server 2008 ..........................................................................68
Windows Server 2008 R2 .....................................................................68
Other Server Operating Systems .................................................................68
Linux ...................................................................................................... 69
Apple Mac OS/X Server .......................................................................69
Novell NetWare ....................................................................................69
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Peer-to-Peer Networking with Windows .....................................................70
Advantages of peer-to-peer networks ...............................................70
Drawbacks of peer-to-peer networks ................................................71
Windows 7.............................................................................................71
Windows Vista ......................................................................................72
Older Windows versions .....................................................................73
Book II: Building a Network ..............................................75
Chapter 1: Planning a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Making a Network Plan .................................................................................77
Being Purposeful ............................................................................................78
Taking Stock ...................................................................................................79
What you need to know ......................................................................79
Programs that gather information for you .......................................83
To Dedicate or Not to Dedicate: That Is the Question ..............................84
Types of Servers ............................................................................................84
File servers............................................................................................84
Print servers .........................................................................................85
Web servers ..........................................................................................85
Mail servers ..........................................................................................85
Database servers..................................................................................85
Choosing a Server Operating System ..........................................................86
Planning the Infrastructure ..........................................................................86
Drawing Diagrams .........................................................................................87
Sample Network Plans ..................................................................................88
Building a small network: California Sport Surface, Inc. .................88
Connecting two networks: Creative Course Development, Inc......90
Improving network performance: DCH Accounting ........................92
Chapter 2: Installing Network Hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Installing a Network Interface Card .............................................................95
Installing Twisted-Pair Cable ........................................................................97
Cable categories ...................................................................................97
What’s with the pairs? .........................................................................98
To shield or not to shield ...................................................................98
When to use plenum cable .................................................................99
Sometimes solid, sometimes stranded .............................................99
Installation guidelines .......................................................................100
Getting the tools that you need .......................................................101
Pinouts for twisted-pair cables ........................................................102
Attaching RJ-45 connectors ..............................................................103
Crossover cables................................................................................105
Wall jacks and patch panels .............................................................105
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Installing Coaxial Cable ...............................................................................107
Attaching a BNC Connector to Coaxial Cable ..........................................108
Installing Switches .......................................................................................109
Daisy-Chaining Switches .............................................................................109
Chapter 3: Setting Up a Network Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
The Many Ways to Install a Network Operating System ........................111
Full install versus upgrade................................................................111
Installing over the network ...............................................................112
Automated and remote installations ...............................................113
Gathering Your Stuff ....................................................................................114
A capable server computer ..............................................................114
The server operating system ...........................................................115
Other software ...................................................................................115
A working Internet connection.........................................................115
A good book ........................................................................................116
Making Informed Decisions ........................................................................116
Final Preparations .......................................................................................117
Installing a Network Operating System ....................................................117
Phase 1: Collecting Information .......................................................118
Phase 2: Installing Windows .............................................................118
Con guring Your Server .............................................................................119
Chapter 4: Confi guring Windows Clients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
Con guring Network Connections ............................................................121
Con guring Windows XP network connections .............................122
Con guring Windows Vista network connections .........................126
Con guring Windows 7 network connections ...............................128
Con guring Client Computer Identi cation .............................................130
Con guring Windows XP computer identi cation ........................131
Con guring Windows Vista or Windows 7 computer
identi cation ...................................................................................132
Con guring Network Logon .......................................................................134
Chapter 5: Macintosh Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
What You Need to Know to Hook Up a Macintosh Network ..................135
Mac networking protocols ................................................................135
Mac OS X Server .................................................................................136
What You Need to Know to Use a Macintosh Network ..........................137
Con guring a Mac for networking ...................................................137
Accessing a network printer.............................................................138
Sharing les with other users ...........................................................138
Accessing shared les .......................................................................139
What You Need to Know to Network Macintoshes with PCs .................139
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Chapter 6: Confi guring Other Network Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
Con guring Network Printers ....................................................................141
Adding a network printer ..................................................................141
Accessing a network printer using a Web interface ......................143
Con guring Internet Access .......................................................................145
Con guring clients for DHCP ............................................................145
Using Internet Connection Sharing ..................................................147
Mapping Network Drives ............................................................................147
Chapter 7: Verifying Your Network Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
Is the Computer Connected to the Network? ...........................................151
Is the Network Con guration Working? ....................................................152
Can the Computers Ping Each Other? .......................................................154
Can You Log On? ..........................................................................................154
Are Network Drives Mapped Correctly? ...................................................155
Do Network Printers Work? ........................................................................155
Chapter 8: Going Virtual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
Understanding Virtualization .....................................................................157
Looking at the Bene ts of Virtualization ..................................................159
Getting Started with Virtualization ............................................................161
Creating a Virtual Machine .........................................................................162
Book III: Network Administration and Security .................169
Chapter 1: Help Wanted: Job Description for a
Network Administrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
Knowing What Network Administrators Do .............................................171
Choosing the Part-Time Administrator .....................................................173
Establishing Routine Chores ......................................................................174
Managing Network Users ............................................................................175
Patching Up Your Operating System and Software .................................175
Discovering Software Tools for Network Administrators ......................176
Building a Library ........................................................................................178
Getting Certi ed ...........................................................................................179
CompTIA .............................................................................................180
Microsoft .............................................................................................180
Cisco .................................................................................................... 181
Gurus Need Gurus, Too ..............................................................................181
Helpful Bluffs and Excuses .........................................................................182
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Chapter 2: Security 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
Do You Need Security? ...............................................................................186
Considering Two Approaches to Security ................................................187
Physical Security: Locking Your Doors ....................................................187
Securing User Accounts ..............................................................................189
Obfuscating your usernames ...........................................................189
Using passwords wisely ....................................................................190
A Password Generator For Dummies ..............................................191
Securing the Administrator account ...............................................192
Hardening Your Network ............................................................................192
Using a rewall ...................................................................................192
Disabling unnecessary services .......................................................193
Patching your servers .......................................................................193
Securing Your Users ....................................................................................193
Chapter 3: Managing User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
Exploring What User Accounts Consist Of ...............................................195
Looking at Built-In Accounts ......................................................................196
The Administrator account ..............................................................196
The Guest account .............................................................................197
Service accounts ................................................................................197
Assigning User Rights .................................................................................198
Controlling User Access with Permissions (Who Gets What) ...............199
Assigning Permissions to Groups ..............................................................200
Understanding User Pro les ......................................................................201
Automating Tasks with Logon Scripts ......................................................201
Chapter 4: Firewalls and Virus Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
Firewalls ........................................................................................................203
The Many Types of Firewalls .....................................................................205
Packet ltering ...................................................................................205
Stateful packet inspection (SPI) .......................................................207
Circuit-level gateway .........................................................................207
Application gateway ..........................................................................208
The Built-In Windows Firewall ...................................................................208
Virus Protection ...........................................................................................210
What is a virus? ..................................................................................210
Antivirus programs ............................................................................211
Safe computing ...................................................................................212
Using Windows Action Center ...................................................................213
Chapter 5: Extending Your Network with VPN Access. . . . . . . . . . . .215
Understanding VPN .....................................................................................215
Looking at VPN Security .............................................................................216
Understanding VPN Servers and Clients ..................................................217
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Chapter 6: Managing Network Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221
Understanding Software Licenses .............................................................222
Using a License Server ................................................................................224
Options for Deploying Network Software .................................................226
Deploying software manually ...........................................................226
Running Setup from a network share ..............................................226
Installing silently ................................................................................227
Creating an administrative installation image ...............................229
Pushing out software with group policy .........................................229
Keeping Software Up to Date .....................................................................230
Chapter 7: Solving Network Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
When Bad Things Happen to Good Computers .......................................234
Fixing Dead Computers ...............................................................................235
Ways to Check a Network Connection ......................................................236
A Bunch of Error Messages Just Flew By! .................................................237
Double-Checking Your Network Settings .................................................237
Using the Windows Networking Troubleshooter ....................................238
Time to Experiment .....................................................................................239
Who’s on First? ............................................................................................240
Restarting a Client Computer .....................................................................240
Booting in Safe Mode ..................................................................................242
Using System Restore .................................................................................242
Restarting Network Services ......................................................................244
Restarting a Network Server ......................................................................245
Looking at Event Logs .................................................................................246
Documenting Your Trials and Tribulations .............................................247
Chapter 8: Network Performance Anxiety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249
Why Administrators Hate Performance Problems ..................................249
What Exactly Is a Bottleneck? ....................................................................250
The Five Most Common Network Bottlenecks ........................................252
The hardware inside your servers ..................................................252
The server’s con guration options .................................................252
Servers that do too much .................................................................253
The network infrastructure ..............................................................254
Malfunctioning components .............................................................254
Tuning Your Network the Compulsive Way .............................................255
Monitoring Network Performance .............................................................256
More Performance Tips ..............................................................................258
Chapter 9: Backing Up Your Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259
Backing Up Your Data .................................................................................259
All about Tapes and Tape Drives ..............................................................260
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Backup Software ..........................................................................................261
Types of Backups ........................................................................................262
Normal backups .................................................................................263
Copy backups .....................................................................................264
Daily backups .....................................................................................264
Incremental backups .........................................................................264
Differential backups ...........................................................................265
Local versus Network Backups ..................................................................266
How Many Sets of Backups Should You Keep? ........................................267
A Word about Tape Reliability ...................................................................268
About Cleaning the Heads ..........................................................................269
Backup Security ...........................................................................................270
Chapter 10: Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning. . . 271
Assessing Different Types of Disasters .....................................................272
Environmental disasters ...................................................................272
Deliberate disasters ...........................................................................273
Disruption of services .......................................................................273
Equipment failure ..............................................................................274
Other disasters ...................................................................................274
Analyzing the Impact of a Disaster ............................................................275
Developing a Business Continuity Plan ....................................................276
Holding a Fire Drill .......................................................................................277
Book IV: TCP/IP and the Internet ......................................279
Chapter 1: Introduction to TCP/IP and the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281
What Is the Internet? ...................................................................................281
A Little Internet History ..............................................................................283
TCP/IP Standards and RFCs .......................................................................284
The TCP/IP Protocol Framework ...............................................................286
Network Interface layer .....................................................................286
Network layer .....................................................................................287
Transport layer ..................................................................................287
Application layer ................................................................................288
Chapter 2: Understanding IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289
Understanding Binary .................................................................................289
Counting by ones ...............................................................................289
Doing the logic thing .........................................................................291
Working with the binary Windows Calculator ...............................292
Introducing IP Addresses ...........................................................................293
Networks and hosts ...........................................................................294
The dotted-decimal dance ................................................................294
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