Lyons W.C. (ed.). Standard handbook of petroleum and natural gas engineering.2001- Volume 1

Appendix

Units and Conversions

1385

Table A-1

Alphabetical List

of

Units

(symbols

of

SI units given in parentheses)

To

Comrect

From

To

ampere

(A)

abcoulomb coulomb

(C)

abfarad farad

(F)

&mry

henry

(HI

abmho siemens

(S)

abohm ohm

(n)

abvolt

von

(vi

acrefoot

(US.

survey)"' meteP

(m3)

acre

(US.

meter?

(I+)

ampere hour coulomb

(C)

are met&

(m2)

angstrom meter (m)

astronomical

unit

meter

(m)

ahosphere

(standard)

p-1

(Pa)

atmosphere (technical

=

1

kgf/cm?)

pascal

(Pa)

bar

Pa-1

(Pa)

barn meter?

(m')

barrel

(for

petroleum.

42

gal)

met&

(m3)

board

foot

meter'

(m3)

British thermal unit (International Table)" joule

(J)

British thermal unit (mean)

joule

(J)

British thermal unit (thermochemical) joule

(J)

British thermal unit

(39°F)

joule

(J)

British thermal unit

(59°F)

joule

(J)

British thermal unit

(60°F)

joule

(J)

Btu (International Table)-W(hr-rt'-"F)

(thermal conductivity)

watt per meter kelvin

[W/(mK)]

Btu

(thermochemical)-fV(hr-~*-'F)

(thermal conductivity)

watt per meter kelvin

[W/(mK)]

Btu (International Table)-in./(hr-ftz-°F)

(thermal conductivity)

watt per meter

kelvin

pV/(mK)]

Btu

(tfmmochemical)-in./(hr-ff

-OF)

(thermal conductivity)

watt per meter kelvin

[W/(mK)]

Multiply

BV

1

.o*

E+O1

1.0'

E+Ot

1

.O'

E+09

1

.o*

E-09

1

.O'

E+09

1.0'

E-09

1

.O'

E-08

1.233489

E+03

4.048873 E+W

3.6' E+W

1

.(r

E+02

1

.O'

E-10

1.495979 E+11

1.013

250'

E

+05

1

.o'

E+05

9.806650' E+04

i

.09

E-28

1.589873 E-01

2.359

737 E-03

1.055056 E+W

1.05587 E+W

1.054350 E+03

1.05967 E+03

1.05480 E+W

1.05468

E+03

1.730735 E+OO

1.729577 E+OO

1.442279 E-01

1.441

314

E-01

2

R

VI

p1

tr

a

6

2.

s

c

CD

0

s

VI

Btu

(Internetianal

Table)-in./(s-W-T)

(thermal conductivity)

Btu

(thmmbmiil)-in./(s-W-°F)

(thennal

conductivity)

Btu

(International Table)/hr

Btu

(thermochemical)/hr

Btu

(thermochemical)/min

Btu

(thermochemical)/s

Btu

(International Tablew

Btu

(therm0chemil)W

Btu

(the-cal)/(W-hr)

Btu

(thermochemical)/(W-min)

Btu

(thermochernical)/(W-tr-s)

Btu

(thermochemical)/(in.z-s)

Btu

(International Table)/(hr-W-"F)

(thermalconductance)

Bhr

(thennochemiil)/(hr-W-eF)

(thermalconductarm)

Btu

(Intemational Table)ilbm

Btu

(thenochemlcal)/lbm

Btu

(International TaMe)/(lbm-"F)

Btu

(hnnochmical)/(lbrn-°F)

Bhr

(International

TaMe)/(8-W-"F)

Bh

(thermochemil)/(~-fP-~F)

(bat

capacitv)

(heat

capacity)

"See

Imtnole

on

Page

13.

~'~Sinm

lha

U.S.

of

bnpm

mwur~nm(

has

been

dwi~

fmm

nwbic

standards.

In

185s

a

small

refinement

WM

mado

in

the

definnii

OI

th

yard

to

mol^

dlaarp.nc*s

bo(h

in

this

camtry

mb.tmild.

whkhdiangedQ*nglhhum3800/3937mbO.SlU

mex6cHy.

ThismauWad

inlh.rmMlue

bsingahortarbywpmia

inn

mRlon.

Allha

ama

lime

it

was

dedd.d

lhat

mydM

in

lsadsrhred

hom

urd

pubbhwl

aa

e

nwltol

geoddic

surveys

within

Ma

U.S.

would

remain

with

lha

old

standud

(1

I

-

1200/3037m)1mtilhrrhndeclrlar.

TMtmIisnamdlhaU.S.

survyloo(.

Asamault.

all US.

land

meaaumnenlsin

U.S.

custommy

unitswill

ni.htoth.nwterbylha

old

Ilnbud.

AH

Ma

mnwrabn

fr(ar

in

these

tablea

for

unb

referewa?d

0

Mia

foocmls

M

based

on

Ihe

U.S.

sumy

bot.

mttm

Man

the

htmatiil

(oot.

Cmvomim

hdonfcilhalnnd

muuo

given

below

may

bedotermined

horn

th.

fovomo

r&&mh!p:

1

I..ou

-

3mlles(exrtly)

1

rod

-

16%

n

(e-)

1

chain

-

86

n

(emcUy)

1

aeciion

=

1

Iqmibi

1

towluhip

-

38aq

miksl

@hisvalw

was.dopsrd

in

1956.

Some

of

lha

ddw

Tpbles

uw)

Me

value

1.055

04

E

+03.

The

exacl

aMIMpIliMl

hc(n

is

1.055

055

852

62'

E

+03.

watt per meter kelvin

[w/(mK)]

watt per meter kelvin

[w/(mK)]

watt

m

watt

(W)

watt

tW)

watt

(W)

joule

per

mW

(.Urn*)

joule

per

mete6

(J/m2)

watt per mete6 (W/m2)

watt per

mete6

(W/ml)

watt per

meter0

(W/ma)

watt per mete6 (W/mz)

watt

per

meteP

kelvin

[W/(mzK)]

watt

per

meW

kelvin

IW/(mLK)]

watt

per

meter0 kelvin

[w/(msK)]

watt per metee kelvin

[w/(nrZK)]

joule per

kilogram

(J/kg)

jwle

per

kilogram

(J/kg)

joule

per

kilogram

kelvin

[J/(kg-K)]

joule per kilogram kelvin

[J/(kg-K)]

5.192204 E+02

5.188732 E+02

2.930711 E-01

2.928751 E-01

1.757250 E+O1

1.054350 E+03

1.135653 E+04

1.134893 E+04

3.152481 E+OO

1.891 489 E+02

1.134893 E+04

1.634246 E+06

5.678263 E+OO

5.674466

E+OO

2.044175

E+04

2.042808

E+04

2.326'

E+03

2.324444 E+03

4.1868' E+03

4.104000

E+03

2

C.

c

v,

E

a

c

w

do

-a

To

cawert

FrOm

bushel

(US.)

caliber

(inch)

cabrk

(IntcHnabknal

Table)

-(meen)

cakrie(therm0Chemical)

cabrk

(15%)

-(2o"c)

cabrk

(Idbgram,

International Table)

-(Idbgram.m)

Table

A-1

(continued)

To

meter' (ma)

meter (m)

ioub

(J)

joule

(J)

joule

(J)

ioub

(J)

joule

(J)

ioub

(J)

Pub

(J)

joule

per

met&

(Jim

joule

per

kilogram

(Jkg)

joule

per

kilogram

(Jikg)

joule

per

kilogram keMn

[J/(kg.K)]

joule

per kilogram kelvin [J/(kgK)]

wan

ON)

watt

0

watt

per

meterz

(WW)

watt per met&

(W/m2)

watt

per

meter kelvin

w/(mK)]

per

meter

(m-l)

kilogram (kg)

pastel

(Pa)

pascal

(Pa)

pascal

second

(Pa%)

met#

per

second

(m2/s)

mew

(m?)

kelvin met&

per

watt

[(K.mZ)/Wl

meter'

(m')

becquerei

(es)

hertz

(Hz)

-d

(4

second

(4

pule

(J)

Multplv

W

3.523907 E-02

2.54' E-02

4.1868'

E+OO

4.19002 E+OO

4.184' E+OO

4.18530 E+OO

4.181 90 E+OO

4.1868' E+W

4.19002

E+W

4.184' E+W

4.184' E+04

4.186' E+03

4.184' E+W

4.1868' E+W

4.184. E+W

4.184'

E+OO

6.973333 E+02

4.184' E+04

4.184' E+02

1

.o*

E-01

2.0' E-04

1.33322 E+W

9.80638

E+01

1

.o'

E-03

1

.o'

E-06

5.087075

E-10

2.003712 E-01

2.365882 E-04

3.7'

E+10

1

.O'

E+OO

8.640000 E+04

8.616409 E+04

6.973333 E-02

CI

w

OD

m

2

R

(I,

I

3

e.

-

(angle)

deJgnw,celsius

dogma

csmigrade

(see

degree

Celsius)

degree

Fahrenheit

degree

Fahrenheit

"F-~~-~F/B~IJ

(IntmWonal

Table)

"F.hr-W/Btu

(thennochemical)

dsnisr

dyne

dynean

dyne/anp

elecborrvolt

EMUofcapedtcmce

EMU

ofarnent

EMU

of

e&ctric pozenlial

EMU

of inductance

EMUofrerdstance

ESU

of

capacitance

ESU

of

current

ESU

of

elecbic

potential

ESU

of

inductance

ESU

of

resistance

W

eg/-

eg/s

faraday

(based

on

carbon-12)

farsday

(-iW

faraday(Pw-1)

fathom

fermi

(ferntometer)

fluid

oum

(U.S.)

foot

(US.

aunrey)"'

(-resistance)

radian (rad)

kelvin

(K)

degree

Celsius

kelvin

(K)

kelvin

(K)

kelvin meter? per watt

[(K.m2)MIJ

kelvin meter? per watt

[(K.mz)MIJ

kWmn

per

meter

(kg/m)

newton

(N)

newton meter

(Nm)

pascal

(Pa)

joule

(J)

farad (F)

ampere

(A)

volt

(v)

henry

(HI

ohm

(a)

farad

(F)

ampere

(A)

volt

(V)

henry

(HI

ohm

(0)

(J)

watt per

met&

(W/mz)

watt

(w)

coulomb

(C)

coulomb

(C)

coulomb

(C)

meter

(m)

meter

(m)

meteP

(nP)

meter

(m)

meter

(m)

1.745329 E-02

T,

=

T,

+

273.15

T%

=

(r,

-

m)/i.a

T,

=

(r,

+

459.a7)/i.a

T,

=

Tdl.8

1.781 102

E-01

1.762250 E-01

1.111 111 E-07

1.0' E-05

1

.o'

E-07

1

.o'

E-01

1.60219 E-19

1

.o'

E+09

1

.O'

E+01

1

.o'

E-08

1

.O'

E-09

1

.o'

E-09

1.112650 E-12

3.3356 E-10

2.9979 E+02

8.987554 E+11

1

.O'

E-07

1

.o'

E-03

1

.o'

E-07

9.64870 E+W

9.64957 E+04

9.65219 E+W

1.8288

E+OO

1

.o'

E-15

2.9573!%3 E-05

3.048' E-01

3.048008 E-01

2.

R

VI

L

w

Q,

(D

Table

A-1

(continued)

c

w

(0

0

To

cwert

From

foot

of

water

(39.2T)

sqfi

Whr

(thermal

dmwulvlty)

WIS

cu

R

(Volume;

section

modulus)

fflmh

ffIS

tr

(moment

of

section)"

fVhr

m

ws

W$

footccmdk

fcambmt

ft-lbf

R-Ibfhr

R-IbWmin

ft-Ibf/s

ft-poundai

free

fall,

standerd

(g)

calve

gallon

(canad&n

liquid)

salkn

(U.K.

liquid)

aaHon

(U.S-

dV)

galkn

(U.S.

liquid)

gal

(US.

liquid)/day

gal

(U.S.

1iquid)lmln

gal

(US.

liquid)hphr

gamma (magnetic

field

strength)

gamma (magnetic

flux

density)

(SFC,

specifk

fuel

consumption)

rE

pescal

(Pa)

-

(m9

meterp

per

second

(m%)

mete9

per

second

(m%)

met&

(m5)

metd

per

second

(mvs)

met&

per

second

(m%)

met&

(m')

meter

per

second

(WS)

meter

per

second

(Ws)

meter

per

second

(Ws)

meter

per

secod

(We)

lux

(a)

candela

per

meter? (cd/m?)

ioUk

(J)

wan

ON)

wan

ON)

watt

ON)

ioule

(J)

meter

per

8Bcond2

(We)

meter per

second?

(We)

meters

(d)

meteP

(m3)

met&

(m3)

meteP (m3)

meters

per

second

(m3/s)

met& per

second

(m3/s)

meteP per

joule

(m3/J)

ampere

per meter (Nm)

tesla

(T)

tesla

(T)

ampere

(A)

Multiptiplv

By"

2.98898 E+03

9.290304'

E-02

2.580640' E-05

9.290304'

E-02

2.831 685 E-02

4.719474 E-04

2.831685 E-02

8.W975 E-03

8.466667 E-05

5.080' E-03

3.048' E-01

3.W E-01

1.076 391 E

+

01

3.426259 E+OO

1.355818

E+OO

3.766161

E-04

2.259 697 E

-

02

4.214011 E-02

1.355818 E+OO

9.806650'

E+OO

1

.o'

E-02

4.546090 E-03

4.546092 E-03

4.404884

E-03

3.785412 E-03

4.381

264

E-08

6.309020

E-05

1.410089 E-09

7.957747 E-04

1

.o'

E-09

1

.o'

E-04

7.957 747 E

-

01

9

F

VI

5

Q

gill (U.K.) mete?

(m3)

gill (U.S.)

mete?

(m")

degree (angular)

radian (rad)

grad

9ra

grain

(117O00

Ibrn

avoirdupois)

kilogram (k9)

grain

(Ih

avoirdupois/7000)/gal

kilogram per

meter'

(kg/mJ)

gram kilogram (kg)

g/d

kilogram per

meter'

(kg/m3)

gram-force/anz

pa-1

(Pa)

hectare

meter?

(mP)

horsepower

(550

ft-lbf/s)

wan

(w)

horsepower

(boiler)

wan

(w)

horaepower (electric) wan

(w)

horsepower (metric) watt

(w)

horsepower (water) wan

(w)

horsepower (U.K.) wan

ON)

hwr

(mean

solar) sBcond

($1

hour

(sidereal)

-d

(s)

hundredweight (long) kilosram

(4)

inch

of

mercury

(32°F)

inch

of mercury

(60°F)

inch

of

water

(39.PF)

inch

of

water (60°F)

sq

in.

meter?

(m')

cu in. (volume; section modulus)''1

meter'

(m3)

in.%n meteP per second

(m3/s)

in? (moment

of

section)(q

mete?

(m3

inJs

meter

per

second

(mk)

in./sz

meter

per

second2

(m/sz)

kayser

keMn degree Celsius

(3)

This

rometima

Is

died

the

mnf

of

iMa

of

a

plane

section

about

a

SpeClRed

axis.

('1

The

exact

mn-n

fact01

is

1.638

706

<E-05.

(U.S. liquid)

hundredweight

(shon)

kilogram (kg)

inoh meter

(m)

pascal

(Pa)

pascal

(Pa)

pascal

(Pa)

pascal (Pa)

1

per meter

(1

Im)

1.420654 E-04

1.182941 E-04

9.0' E-01

1.570796 E-02

6.479891' E-05

1.711

808

E-02

1

.O'

E-03

1

.O'

E+03

9.806650'

E+01

1

.o'

E+04

7.456999 E+02

9.80950

E+03

7.460'

E+02

7.35499 E+02

7.46043 E+02

7.4570 E+M

3.600000

E+03

3.590170 E+03

5.080235

E+01

4.535924 E+O1

3.38638

E+03

3.37685 E+03

2.49082 E+02

2.4884 E+02

2.54' E

-

02

6.41 6' E-04

1.638706

E-05

2.731 177 E-07

4.162314 E-07

2.54'

E-02

2.54' E-02

T-

=

T,

-

273.15

1

.o'

E+02

E

a

c

w

E

To

Convert

Fm

kilocalorie

(International Table)

kikcakrie

(mean)

kikcalorie

(thermochemical)/min

kilocakrie

(thermochemical)/s

kilogram-force

(kgf)

wm

wlfl

kilopond

kip

lbf)

kip/in.z

(W

knot

(international)

lambert

lansley

kaeue

liaM

year

IiteP

mawwell

mho

microkrch

m-

(rsm)

micron

mil

mile (intematknal)

mile

(statute)

mile

(US.

survey)(')

mile (internatknal nautical)

kibcakuie

(thmochmical)

gz(-)

kgf/mm'

kmh

kilowatthour (kW-hr)

Multiply

By"

4.1868' E+03

4.19002

E+W

4.184' E+03

6.973333

E+01

4.184' E+03

9.80665'

E+W

9.80665'

E+W

9.80665'

E+OO

9.80665'

E+W

9.80665'

E+W

9.80665'

E+06

2.777778 E-01

9.80665'

E+W

3.6' E+O6

4.448222

E+03

6.894757

E+06

5.144444 E-01

1

In'

E+W

3.183099 E+03

4.184' E+04

(see

Footnote

1)

9.46055

E+15

1

.O'

E-03

1

.o'

E-08

1

.o'

E+OO

2.54' E-08

3.280840 E+OO

1

.o'

E-06

2.54' E-05

1.609344' E+03

1.6093 E+03

1.609347 E+03

1.852' E+03

a

ounw

(avoirdupois)

-(troyorBPOthOQUY)

ou(1c8

(U.K.

flukl)

Oum

(US.

fluid)

ouncsforce

ozt-in.

OL

(a.voirdupois)lgal

(U.K.

liquid)

oz

(avoirdupois)/gal

(U.S.

liquid)

02

(avdrdupois)lin.J

oz

(avoirdupois)/fP

oz

(avoirdupois)~ydz

parsec

pedc

(U.S.)

1.853 104'

E+o3

1.-

E+o3

2.589988 E+o6

2.589998

E+o6

4.4704'

E-01

1.609344'

E+OO

2.662

24'

E

+

01

1.809344' E+03

1

.O'

E+02

1.33322

E+02

2908882

E-04

8.0'

E+01

5.983617 E+O1

2.628000

E+O6

7.957747 E+O1

1

.o*

E-02

1.662426

E-03

2.834952

E-02

3.110348

E-02

2.041

307

E-05

2.957353 E-05

2.780139 E-01

7.061552

E-03

6.236021

E+OO

7.489152 E+OO

1.729994

E+W

3.051 517 E-01

3.390575 E-02

3.085676 E+l8

8.809768 E-03

1.555174 E-03

5.72135 E-11

g

a

L

w

(0

w

m4n.

(m)m

pemrin.

(23°C)"

phot

Pica(ms)

plnt

(U.S.

*)

pint

(US.

liquid)

point

(printer's)

poise(ab8oluteviscosity)

pound (Ibm avoirdupois)(~

wnd

(troy

or

apothecary)

Ibm-W

(moment

of

inertia)

Ibm-in.2 (moment

of

Inertia)

Iknnt-hr

Iknnt-S

lknnr

ltmlnr

IbtWgal

(U.K.

liquid)

lanlgal

(U.S. liquid)

ikn/hr

Ibm/(hp

a

hr)

Ibm/h5

IbtWmin

Ims

IW

Poundel

Pou-

poundal-*

pound-force

(Ibf)"

(SFC,

spedfic

fuel

consumption)

Table

A-1

(continued)

To

kilogram per

pascal

second

met&

kilogram

per

pascal

second

meter

kilogram

per

pascal

second

meter

lumen per met& (Im/m*)

meter (m)

meteP

(m")

met&

(m3)

meter (m)

pascal

second

(Pms)

kilogram (kg)

kilogram (ks)

kikgram mete

(kg-m

kilogram meter (kgd)

pascal

second

(Pas)

pascal

second (Pas)

kilogram per met& (kg/m*)

kilogram per mete? (kg/m3)

kilogram per

met& (kg/ma)

kilogram

per

mete? (kg/m3)

kilogram per second (kg/s)

kilogram

per

joule (kgN)

kilogram per met& (kg/ma)

kilogram

per second (kg/s)

kilogram per second (kg/s)

kilogram per met& (kg/m3)

newton

(N)

pascal

(Pa)

pascal

second

(Pas)

[kg/( Pasm2)]

[

kg/( Pasm)]

[km/( Pasm)]

newton

(N)

Multiply

By"

5.74525 E-11

1.45322 E-12

1.45929 E-12

1

.o'

E+04

4.217518

E-03

5.506105 E-04

4.731 765 E-04

3.514598' E-04

1

.o'

E-01

4.535924 E-01

3.732417 E-01

4.214011

E-02

2.926397 E-04

4.133789 E-04

1.488164 E+OO

4.882428 E+OO

1.601846 E+01

9.977633 E+01

1.198266 E+02

1.259 979 E-04

1.689659 E-07

7.559873 E-03

4.535924 E-01

5.932764 E-01

1.382550 E-01

2.767

990

E+04

1.488164 E+OO

4.448222 E+OO

b-

w

(0

tb

E

a

Lyons W.C. (ed.). Standard handbook of petroleum and natural gas engineering.2001- Volume 1

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