Middleton W.M. (ed.) Reference Data for Engineers: Radio, Electronics, Computer and Communications

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49-34

REFERENCE

DATA

FOR ENGINEERS

(7) When an event of perceived significance is

recorded, the entry should be shown to someone

of discretion who will understand it. This per-

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nature below the entry, subscribing above the

signature, “read and understood.”

Inventions

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this

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program. Copyright springs into being automatically

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out the necessity of filing any application. The copy-

right may be registered with the

but registration is not a requirement for protection

(although it offers certain advantages and is generally

necessary in order to sue for infringement). Copyright

provides protection against the unauthorized copying

and distribution of programs. A copyright precludes

only one who copies the owner’s work, and not one

who independently developed a similar (or even iden-

tical) work.

SUMMARY

MILITARY

NOMENCLATURE SYSTEM*

In the Joint Electronics Type Designation System

(JETDS), formerly called the “AN’ system, nomencla-

ture for electronic equipment consists of a name, fol-

lowed by a type number.

A type designation assignment for equipment such

as a definitive system, subsystem, center, central, set,

etc., shall consist of at least an AN, a slant bar, a three-

letter equipment designation (see Table 21), a dash,

and a number. Example: ANNRC-12 would be a radio

communication set installed

a vehicle designed for

functions other than carrying electronic equipment.

All groups, including commercial off-the-shelf

equipment, are identified by a two-letter indicator from

Table 22. Applicable equipment indicator letters (see

Table 21) follow the slant bar to indicate the potential

of the group for multiple or peculiar application.

Example: OE-l62/ARC indicates

antenna for air-

craft radiocommunication equipment. Equipment indi-

cators with a specific model number (e.g., OK-4501

TRC-26) are used following the slant bar when the

Adapted from

MII-STD-l96C,

Joint Electronics Type

Designation System,

April

197 1;

Notice

1,20

April

1972;

Notice

June

1972;

Notice

November

1972;

and

No-

tice

July

1977.

Available from the Superintendent of

Documents, Washington,

20402.

group is peculiar to specific equipment (e.g., AN/TRC-

26) with no known potential for other use.

The type designation for units having one end use

consists of an indicator (Table 23), a dash, a number, a

slant bar, and the equipment the unit is a part of or

used with. Example: the receiver portion of the

AN/

VRC-12 is identified as R-40NRC-12. If the unit has

multiple usage, only those indicators that are common

or appropriate are included after the slant bar.

Examples:

A power supply, part of or used with the

ANNRC-12 and ANNRC-19 would be identified as

PP-5ONRC.

power supply, “part

of’

the ANNRC-

12 and “used with” the

ANrn-40

would be identi-

fied as PP-601 VR.

The system indicator (AN) does not mean that the

Army, Navy, and Air Force use the equipment, but

simply that the type number was assigned in the

JETDS system.

Nom en c

re Po

JETDS nomenclature will be assigned to:

(A) Complete systems, subsystems, centers, cen-

trals, sets, groups, kits, and units of military

design, either definitive or variable in

configuration.

(B)

Groups of articles of either commercial or mili-

tary design that are grouped for a military

purpose.

are

part of or used with an item not identified in the

JETDS.

(D) Commercial articles requiring military identifi-

cation for use by

Government.

(E) Electronic materials of military design which

are not part of or used with a set.

JETDS nomenclature will not be assigned to:

(A) Articles cataloged commercially except in

accordance with paragraph (D) above.

(B)

Minor components of military design for which

other adequate means of identification are

available.

(D) Articles having other adequate identification

Nomenclature assignments will remain unchanged

regardless of later changes in installation and/or appli-

cation.

joint military specifications.

Modification

Letters

Component modification suffix letters will be

assigned for each modification of a component when

detail parts and subassemblies used therein are no

longer interchangeable, but the component itself is

interchangeable physically, electrically, and mechani-

cally.

49-35

TABLE

21.

SET

EQUIFJMENT

INDICATOR

LETTERS

1st Letter (Type of Installation)

2nd Letter (Type of Equipment)

3rd Letter (Purpose)

Piloted aircraft

Underwater mobile submarine

Air transportable (inactivated, do

not

Pilotless carrier

use)

Fixedground

General ground use (includes two or

more ground-type installations)

Amphibious

Ground, mobile (installed as operat-

ing unit

a vehicle which has

function other than transporting

the

equipment)

Pack or portable (animal or man)

Water surface craft

Ground, transportable

General utility (includes two or more

general installation classes, airborne,

shipboard, and ground)

Ground, vehicular (installed in vehi-

cle designed for functions other than

carrying electronic equipment, etc.,

such as tanks)

W Water surface and underwater combi-

nation

Invisible light, heat radiation

Pigeon (do not

use)

Carrier

Radiac

Nupac (inactivated, do not use)

Photographic*

Telegraph or Teletype

Interphone and public address

Electromechanical or inertial wire

Telemetering

Countermeasures

covered

Meteorological

Sound in

air

Auxiliary assemblies (not complete

operating

sets

used with or part of

two or more sets or sets series) (inac-

tivated, do not use)

Bombing

Communications (receiving and

Direction finder, reconnaissance, and/

Ejection and/or release

transmitting)

or surveillance

Fire control or searchlight directing

Recording and/or reproducing

(graphic meteorological and sound)

Computing

Searchlight control (inactivated,

use

Maintenance and/or test assemblies

(including tools)

Navigational aids (including altime-

ters, beacons, compasses, beacons,

depth sounding, approach, and

landing)

Radar

Q Sonar and underwater sound

Radio

Special types, magnetic, etc., or corn-

Telephone (wire)

Transmitting

Reproducing (inactivated,

use

Special, or combination of purposes

Receiving, passive detecting

Detecting and/or range and bearing,

binations of types search

Visual and visible light

WArmament (peculiar to armament, not

otherwise covered)

Facsimile or television

WAutomatic flight or remote control

Identification and recognition

Data processing surveillance (search,

detect, and multiple target tracking)

and control (both fire control and air

control)

Piloted and pilotless airborne vehicle

combination

Not

for

use except for assigning suffix letters

previously nomenclatured items.

49-36

TABLE

22.

GROUP

INDICATORS

Indicator Family Name Indicator Family Name

Miscellaneous groups

Multiplexer and/or demultiplexer groups

Indicator groups

Antenna groups

Adapter groups

Amplifier groups

Simulator groups

Consoles and console groups

Control groups

Interconnecting groups

Power supply groups

Test set groups

Receiver groups

Transmitter groups

Converter groups

Generator groups

Terminal groups

Coder,

decoder, interrogator, transponder groups

Data analysis and data processing groups

Radar set groups

Modulator and/or demodulator groups

Radio set groups

Set modification letters will be assigned for each

modification not affecting interchangeability of the

sets or equipment as a whole, except that in some spe-

cial cases these will be assigned

indicate functional

interchangeability and

not

necessarily complete elec-

trical and mechanical interchangeability. Modification

letters will only be assigned if the frequency coverage

of the unmodified equipment is maintained.

The suffix letters

X, Y,

and

will be used only to

designate a set or equipment modified by changing the

power input voltage, phase, or frequency. They will be

used as follows:

will indicate the first change,

the

second,

the third,

the fourth, etc. These letters

will be in addition to other modification letters appli-

cable.

Develop

menta

Indicators

Experimental SetsTo

identify a set or equipment

of an experimental nature with the development orga-

nization concerned, the following indicators are used

within the parentheses:

Aeronautical Systems Division, Wright-

Patterson Air Force Base,

OH.

Naval Research Laboratory, Washington,

DC.

US Army Signal Engineering Laboratories,

The Hexagon, Fort Monmouth, NJ (inacti-

vated, use

XE).

Electronic Systems Division, Laurence

Hanscom Field, Bedford, MA.

US Army Electronics Laboratories, Fort

Monmouth, NJ.

USN Electronics Laboratory,

San

Diego,

CA.

Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, PA.

*XH

*XK

*XQ

*xs

+XY

Aerial Reconnaissance Laboratory, Wright-

Patterson Air Force Base, OH.

Ar Force Armament Laboratory, Eglin Air

Force Base,

FL.

Naval Air Development Center, Johnsville,

PA.

Flight Control Laboratory, Wright-

Patterson Air Force Base, OH.

US Army Signal Electronics Research Unit,

Mountain View, CA.

US Army Signal Engineering Laboratories,

The Hexagon, Fort Monmouth, NJ (inacti-

vated, use

XE).

Department of the Navy, Washington, DC.

US Army Missile Command, Redstone

Arsenal, AL.

Canadian Department of National Defence,

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Aeronautical Accessories Laboratory,

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,

OH.

National Security Agency, Fort George G.

Meade, MD.

Electronic Components Laboratory Wright-

Patterson Air Force Base, OH.

Army Security Agency, Arlington Hall

Station, Arlington, VA.

USN Underwater Sound Laboratory, Fort

Tmmbull, New London, CT.

Air Force Weapons Laboratory, Kirtland

Air Force Base, NM.

Rome Air Development Center, Rome,

Ny.

Weapons Guidance Laboratory, Wright-

Patterson Air Force Base, OH.

Not for Air Force

use

except for assigning additional

developmental designations to previously type-designated

items. Use

for all

new

equipment.

XAA

XAE

XAN

XBB

XCA

xcc

XCL

XCR

XDD

XDV

XGS

XIH

XLW

XMG

XPM

xsc

XWH

xwo

USN

Bureau of Naval Weapons Activities.

Air Force Ballistic Systems Division,

Norton Air Force Base, CA.

US Army Electronics Research and Devel-

opment Activity, Fort Huachuca,

AZ.

Naval Avionics Facility, Indianapolis,

IN,

US Army Electronics Command, Proc and

Prod Div., Fort Monmouth, NJ.

Naval Ammunition Depot, Crane, IN.

Air Force Missile Test Center, Patrick Air

Force Base, FL.

Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, CA.

Naval Weapons Center, Corona Laboratory,

Corona, CA.

US Army Signal Air Defense Engineering

Agency, Fort George G. Meade, MD.

US Naval Weapons Laboratory, Dahlgren,

VA.

Grand Support Equipment Division, Naval

Air Engineering Center, Philadelphia, PA.

Naval Ordnance Station, Indianhead,

MD.

Army Limited War Laboratory, Aber-

deen Proving Ground, MD.

Naval Missile Center, Point Mugu, CA.

Army, Project Michigan,Ypsilanti,

MI.

Army Satellite Communications

Agency, Fort Monmouth, NJ.

Naval Weapons Handling Laboratory,

Naval Weapons Station Earle, Colts Neck,

NJ.

Naval Ordnance Laboratory, White

Oak,

Silver Spring, MD.

Example:

Radio Set AN/ARC-3 might be assigned

for

new airborne radio communication set under

development. The cognizant development organization

might then assign AN/ARC-3(XA-l), AN/ARC3(XA-2),

etc., type numbers to the various sets developed for

test. When the set was considered satisfactory for use,

the experimental indicator would be dropped, and pro-

curement nomenclature

AN/ARC3

would be offi-

cially assigned thereto.

(A) A set

train for

specific basic set will be

assigned the basic-set type number followed by

dash, the letter

and

number. Example:

Radio Training Set AN/ARC-6A-T1 would be

the first training set for Radio Set AN/ARC-6A.

assigned the usual set indicator letters followed

dash, the letter T, and

number. Example:

Radio Training Set AN/ARC-T1 would be the

first training set for general airborne radio com-

munication sets.

(B)

set

train

for general types

sets

will be

Purenthesis Indicators:

A series of a basic item, i.e.,

all production and/or nonproduction versions, may be

identified by

type designation with an empty paren-

thesis. Examples: AN/APS-25

(

)

or R-275( )/APS-25.

Such

assignment is all inclusive and does not refer

any specific version within the series.

Systems, subsystems, centers, centrals, sets, groups,

or units with variable parts lists

are

assigned type des-

ignations

the same manner, except

parenthetical

expressed

(V)

added to the type designation.

Units designed to accept plug-ins that change the func-

tion, frequency, or technical characteristics of the type-

designated unit are designated with

(P) preceding the

slant bar. The plug-in is not considered

part of the

unit.

Examples

JETDSType

Numbers

AN/SRC3(

)

for water surface craft radio communication set

number 3.

AN/SRC-3

Original procurement set nomencla-

ture applied against AN/ SRC-3(

AN/SRC-SA

Modification set nomenclature

applied against AN/SRC-3.

AN/APQ-13-TI(

)

General reference training set

nomenclature for the AN/APQ-13 set.

ANIAPQ-13-TI

Original procurement training set

nomenclature applied against AN/APQ-13-T1(

AN/APQ- 13-TIA

Modification training set

nomenclature applied against AN/APQ-13-TI.

AN/UPT-T3(

)

nomenclature for general utility radar transmit-

ting training set number

AN/UPT-T3

Original procurement training set

nomenclature applied against AN/UPT-T3(

AN/UPT-T3A

Modification training set nomen-

clature applied against AN/ UPT-T3.

T-51( )/ARQ-8

General reference component

nomenclature for transmitter number

part of

or used with airborne radio special set

T-51/ARQ-8

Original procurement component

nomenclature applied against T-5

(

)/ARQ-8.

T-51AIARQ-8

Modification component nomen-

clature applied against T51/ARQ-8.

RD-31( )/U

General reference component nomen-

clature for recorder-reproducer number

for

general utility use, not part

specific set.

RD31/U

Original procurement component

nomenclature applied against RD-31(

)/U.

RD31A/U

Modification component nomencla-

ture applied against RD3

1/LJ.

General reference set nomenclature

General reference training set

49-38

REFERENCE

DATA

FOR ENGINEERS

TABLE

23.

UNIT

INDICATORS

Indicator Family Name

AT*

CA*

CB*

CK*

CR*

FN*

GO*

GP*

HC*

IL"

LC*

MA*

Supports, antenna

Amplifiers

Antennas, complex and simple

Antennas, simple

Batteries, primary type

Batteries, secondary type

Alarm units

Controls

Commutator assemblies, sonar

Capacitor banks

Cable assemblies,

crystal kits

Comparators

Compensators

Computers

Crystals

Couplers

Converters (electronic)

Radomes

Cable assemblies, non-RF

Cases and cabinets

Dispensers

Loads, dummy

Detecting heads

Dynamotors

Hoists

Filter units

Furniture

Frequency-measuring devices

Generators, power

Goniometers

Ground rods

Head, hand, and chest sets

Crystal holders

Environmental apparatus (heating, cooling, etc.)

Indicators, noncathode-ray tube

Insulators

Intensity-measuring devices

Indicators, cathode-ray tube

Interface units

Keying devices

Tools, line-construction

Loudspeakers

Microphones

Magazines

Modulators, demodulators, and discriminators

Meters

MF*

oc*

PD*

PF"

PG*

PH*

RC*

RF*

RG*

ST*

TC*

TK*

TL*

Magnets or magnetic-field generators

Miscellaneous kits

Meteorological devices

Mountings

Memory units

Miscellaneous

Oscillators

Oceanographic devices

Oscilloscopes, test

Prime drivers

Fittings, pole

Pigeon articles

Photographic articles

Plug-in units

Power supplies

Mapping and plotting units

Power equipments

Receivers

Reels

Recorder-reproducers

Relay assemblies

Radio-frequency components

Cables, RF bulk

Reeling machines

Recorders

Reproducers

Reflectors

Receiver and transmitter

Shelters

Switching units

Switchboards

Generators, signal

Simulators

Synchronizers

Straps

Optical devices

Transmitters

Telephone apparatus

Towed bodies

Towed cables

Timing devices

Transformers

Positioning devices

Telegraph apparatus

Tool kits

Tools

Tuning units

MISCELLANEOUS DATA

49-39

TABLE

(CONT).

UNIT

INDICATORS

Indicator

Family Name Indicator

Family

Name

Transducers

VS*

Signaling equipment, visual

Test units

WD*

Cables, two-conductor

Teletypewriter and facsimile apparatus

WF*

Cables, four-conductor

TV*

Testers, tube

WM*

Cables, multiple-conductor

Tape units

WS*

Cables, single-conductor

Connectors, audio

and

power

WT*

Cables, three-conductor

UG*

Connectors,

Impedance-measuring devices

Vehicles

Not for US use except for assigning suffix letters to previously nomenclatured items.

Index

A- and B-Bit signaling, 38-17

Abampere, 3-13

Abcoulomb, 3-13

Abfarad, 3-13

Abhenry, 3-13

Abohm, 3-13

Absorptance, optical waves, 21-9

Absorption, 41-2

Abmho, 3-13

atmospheric, 33-20-21

22-14-16

on optical communications,

coefficients, 40-14-15

building materials, 40-16

furnishings, 40-16

cross section, 41-4

Abvolt, 3-14

-filter reactors, 13-19

motor, drive for adjustable-speed,

-output power supplies, 14-46-5

voltage regulators, 14-46

14-48

Ac-dc converter circuits, 14-12-39

Acceleration

displacement, and velocity

magnitudes, 49-23

error constant, unity feedback,

15-11

vibratory forces, 49-23

Acceptor impurities, 18-4

Access time,

ICs,

20-3

Accumulators, computer, 42-

Ackerberg-Mossberg (AM) biquad

filters, 10-21-22

Acoustic impedance, specific, 40-3

Acoustic power levels, of typical noise

sources, 40-9

Acoustic properties, materials,

Acoustical standards,

40-25-28

Acoustical systems

4-31-33

electrical analogies for, 40-5-7

mechanical analogies for, 40-5-7

Acre, 3-14

Actinium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Active filter(s)

Ackerberg-Mossberg (AM) biquad,

10-21-22

building blocks, 10-10-15

circuit elements, 10-4-7

design

fundamentals of, 10-7-10

Active filter(s)-cont

techniques of, 10-7-10

example, low-pass notch, 10-4445

general realization methods, 10-8

introduction to, 10-34

operational amplifiers in, 10-5-7

transconductance-C

(g,-C),

zero placement formulas, 10-43

Active loads, transistor amplifiers,

Active switched-capacitor filters,

Adaptive arrays, antenna, 32-4547

Adaptive digital signal processing,

10-22-23

19- 17-19

10-3445

28-22-29

Adaptive filters, 28-23-29

Adder, definition of, 20-3

Addition

nondecimal numbers, 42-46

using twos complement method,

42-8

Address register

computer processor, 42-15

indirect addressing, 42-19

absolute short, computer, 42-17,

based, computer, 42-19

immediate, computer, 42-17

indirect, 42-25-26

modes, computer, 42-17-20

relative, computer, 42-19

Addressing

42-19

Adler-Hassner code, 25-7

Admittance

formulas, 6-6,6-9-13

input, of resonant line, 29-16-17

measurement of, 12-8

measuring circuit, twin-T, 12-10

transmission lines, 29-6-7

ADS, 37-8

ADSL, 38-7-8

Advanced Data Communication

Control Protocols (ADCCP),

26-16

Advanced mobile phone service

Advanced television (ATV) systems,

Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service

Aeronautical Radio, Inc., 37-2

amplifier

class-A, design of, 17-7

class-B, design of, 17-7-8

(AMPS),

26-20

35-4346

(AMSS), 27-3

Air traffic control radar beacon

system, 37-5

Aircraft

jet, vibration in, 49-25

piston engine, vibration in, 49-25

turboprop, vibration in, 49-25

Airlines Electronic Engineering

Algebra

Committee (AEEC), 37-2

Boolean, 43-2

matrix, 47-31-35

switching. 43-2

Algebraic equations, 47-6-9

Algorithm(s)

Berlekamp-Massey, 25-15

distributed control, local area

networks, 26-22-23

distributed-tree retransmission,

Euclidean, 25-15

Fano, 25-16

Gauss, 47-32

Levinson, 25-25

overlap-add, 28-9

overlap-save, 28-8-9

stack, 25-16

Viterbi, 25-16

Aliasing, 35-36

distortion, 28-6

Allocation(s)

frequency, radio, 1-3-141, 1-3-5

to services, 1-3-141

resistivity of, 4-15-16

superconductivity of, 4-17

reservation-, 26-21

26-2 1-22

FFT, 28-9-11

Alloys

ALOHA, 26-19,27-29

Alternating current bridge,

Altitude, effect on breakdown

Aluminum,

4-&5,4-8-9

electrolytic capacitors, 5-20-21

AM; See also Amplitude modulation

broadcast stations

fundamental, 12-3

voltages, 49-3

classification of, 35-34

clear-channel, 35-3

coverage data, 35-5

field-strength requirements, 35-4

local, 35-3

regional. 35-3

transmission system

requirements, 35-5

detection. 23-6

INDEX

AM-cont

stereo

independent sideband method,

Kahn system, 35-6

mixed mode method, 35-5

Motorola system, 35-6

quadrature method, 35-6

transmission, 35-54

35-6

Ambient conditions, for measurements,

Ambient temperature, test conditions,

American National Standards Institute,

American Standard Code for

5-5,5-7

-5

5-4

Information Interchange

(ASCII), 42-10,42-11

Americium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Ampere, 3-2

per meter, 3-2

per square meter, 3-2

Amplification factor

(p),

of vacuum

Amplification, in quantum system,

Amplifier(s)

tube, 16-20

41-34

class-A, design of, 17-7

class-B, design of, 17-7-8

bandpass, 19-22-24

broad-band distributed, 17-13

circuits

17-8-13

tetrode, 17-9, 17-11

classifications, 19-20

common-base, 19-12, 19-14

common-collector, 19-1 1, 19-14

common-drain, 19-11, 19-14

common-emitter, 19-10, 19-13

common-gate, 19-12, 19-14

common-source, 19-10, 19-13

cros sed-field, 16-3 7-3 8

current-differencing, 20-43

differential, 19- 17-1 8,20-42-43

Doherty, 17-11

double-tuned interstage, 19-23-24

emitter-follower, 19-1 1

feedback, analysis, 19-22

topologies, 19-20-21

transistor, 19-18-22

KlystrodeTM, 17-10, 17-18

linear, 17-10-11

low-noise, 16-34

noise, 21-20

Norton, 20-43

operating data, typical, 17-2

operational, in active filters, 10-5-7

operational transconductance, 20-43

operational voltage, 20-43,20-44

in active filters, 10-7

bandwidth, 17-17

class-B, design of, 17-6-7

class-C, design of, 17-4-6

power gain, 17-17

Amplifier(s)--cont

sense, definition of, 20-10

single-tuned interstage, 19-22-23

source-follower, 19-1 1

transistor

single stage, 19-6-17

Amplitude measurement, range,

Amplitude-modulated pulses

frequency response, 19-6, 19-15

12-18-19

spectra of

double polarity, 23-12

single polarity, 23-13

Amplitude modulation, 23-4-5

comparison of systems, 23-6

conventional, 23-4

demodulation, 23-54

detection, 23-5-6

double sideband, 23-4

phase deviation, 23-7

single sideband, 23-45

vestigial sideband, 23-4

Amplitude response, measurement of,

Amplitude-shift keying (ASK), 24-5

Amplitude, traveling wave, 31-2

Analog, ASICs, 20-53-54

Analog switching systems, cellular

systems, 46-21

Analog technologies, discrete-time,

Analog transmission systems, satellite

systems, 27-21-22

Analysis

12-26-27

28-29-37

logic circuits, 43-34

microwave-link, 12-26-33

network, 12-13-17

signal, 12-17-20

Weilbull, 45-22-23

Analytic geometry, solid, 47-19-21

Analytic signal, representation of

Analyzer

modulated waveforms, 23-3

network, 12-13

spectrum, 12-17-19

vector impedance, 12-11, 12-13

television, 35-43

Ancillary data format, digital

AND gate, 43-3

h&W)

definition of, 20-6

azimuth, geostationary satellite,

divergence, collimated beam, 22-7

elevation, geostationary satellite,

modulation, multitone, 23-8

small, approximation of, 47-1 1

sum

of, 47-1 1

between two lines, equation for,

47-17

Angstrom, 3-14, 18-4

Angular modulation, 23-6

23-7-8

27-11-12

frequency spectrum of single-tone,

Anodes, electron tube, 16-22

ANSI,

5-4

Antenna(s)

adaptive arrays, 32-45-47

aperiodic loop, 32-6

aperture distributions, 32-47-54

design of, 32-47

array, 32-3247

electronic scanning, 32-4445

multiple-beam, 32-4144

mutual impedance, 32-3840

thinned, 32-4041

tolerances, 32-41

backfire, 32-25,32-27-28

bandwidth, 32-4,32-6

Bayliss

one-parameter difference

line source, 32-5G51

beam angle, 33-26

beam width, 33-26-27

Cassegrain, 32-54-57

definitions, 32-34

dipole

directivity, 32-14

open sleeve, 32-15

self-impedance, 32-13

directional,

broadcast stations,

directivity, 32-3

earth

stations, 27-4043

effective areas of typical, 33-22-23,

33-26

errors, radar, 36-13

far-field region, 32-4

field regions, 32-4

field strength in proximity with,

fractal, 32-32

frequency-independent, 32-28-29

gain, 32-3

35-12

49-30

circularly polarized, 32-1

equivalent, optical, 22-10

radar, 36-12

relative to hypothetical isotropic,

33-26

ground systems, radial-wire,

half-wave dipole, 32-13-15

Hansen one-parameter circular

helix, 32-23-24

high frequency, angles of departure

and anival, 33-8

horn,

32-22-23,32-24

log-periodic, 32-30-32

32-15-16

source distribution, 32-53

loop, 32-18-19

spheroidal core, 32-19-20

loss, cosecant-squared, radar,

low-gain, 32-13-22

low

side-lobe patterns, measurement

medium-gain, 32-22-32

microstrip patch, 32-17-18

monopole, 32-14

near-field

36-12-13

of, 32-52-53

field region, 32-4

power density, 32-7-8

Antenna( s)-cont

noise factor, 34-2

noise temperature, 32-8-1 1, 34-5

parasitic patch, 32-18

path

loss,

32-3

power density, 32-7-8

printed-circuit, 32-17-18

pyramidal horn, 32-23

radar, 36-11-13

radiation resistance, 32-5

rectangular patch, 32-18

reflectors, 32-54-58

regions, 32-4

separation requirements, cellular

slot, 32-19-22

small, 32-44

spacecraft, 27-31-32,27-33

spiral, 32-28-29

stripline slot, 32-17

superconducting, 32-6

Taylor

in proximity with, 49-30

system, 46-21

circular source distribution,

line source distribution,

one-parameter line source

32-53-54

32-49-50

distribution, 32-4748

terminals, low-power, very small,

21-4

tolerances, 32-41

Yagi-Uda, 32-24-28

Antialiasing filter, 35-37

Antimony, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Antipodal signal set, 24-3

APCVD, definition of, 20-3

Aperiodic loop antenna, 32-6

Aperture distributions

antenna, 32-47-54

design of, 32-47

Applebaum-Howells antenna,

Application specific integrated circuits

Application specific memory, 20-54

ARC, definition of, 20-3

Archimedean spiral antenna, 32-28-29

Architecture, spacecraft, 27-14-15

Are, 3-14

Areas of plane figures, equations for,

Argon, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Arithmetic and logic unit, computer,

42-15

Arithmetic operations, error

in,

47-44-45

Arithmetic progression, 47-8

Army-navy preferred list,

32-4546

(ASICS), 20-49-56

Arc lamps, 21-10

47-4-5

radio-frequency cables,

29-30-39

ARPANET, 26-9, 26-10

AmW

adaptive, antenna, 32-45-47

antenna(s), 32-3247

Array(s)-cont

Applebaum-Howells, 32-4546

directivity, 32-34-35

electronic scanning, 32-44-45

electronically scanned, 32-39

grating

lobes,

32-35-36

linear feeds, 32-36-38

LMS,

32-4546

mutual impedance, 32-38-40

positioning beam of, 32-32-33

power inversion, 32-45

quantization lobes, 32-35-36

traveling-wave, 32-36-37

two-element, 32-32-33

field emitter, 16-10-12

gate, 20-49-54

field programmable, 20-51,20-53,

20-55

programmable logic, 20-51,20-53

multiple-beam, 32-4144

thinned, antenna, 32-4041

Arsenic, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Artwork, printed circuit, 5-30-31

ASCII codes, 42-10.42-11

Ash, definition

of,

20-3

ASICs

analog, 20-53-54

future trends, 20-54-56

merged analog and digital, 20-55-56

ASK

See

Amplitude-Shift Keying

Assembler

computer, 42-23-24

cross, computer, 42-23

Assembly language, computer, 42-3,

42-23-24

Assigned-slot listen-before-

transmission protocol, 26-22

Astable multivibrator, 19-29-30

Astatine, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Astronomical unit, 3-14

Asymmetric

DSL,

38-7-8

Asynchronous

DLC protocols, 26-13-14

transfer mode. network, 26-36,

39-10

ATCRBS, 37-5

ATM networks, 39-10

bandwidth and traffic allocations,

ATM-VP allocation, network, 26-38

Atmosphere

26-37-38

refractive index, 33-3

technical, 3-14

absorption, 33-20-21

standad, 3-14

Atmospheric

optical communications,

22-14-16

effects, optical communications,

22-13-19

multipath fading, 33-19

noise, 32-9, 34-34

transmission, over sea water, 41-2

mass, relative, 4-4,4-6

number, 4-3, 4-4,4-6,4-8,4-10

Atomic

Atomic-cont

radius, 4-3,4-4,4-6

time, 1-143

cables, 29-29-30

comparison of measurement

systems, 11-8

curve, for quadratic factor, 15-7,

15-8

distortion, telephony, 2- 10

free-space, 33-22

gaseous, 33-20

lines, 29-29-30

measurement, 11-5-10

Attenuation

broadband, 11-7

fixed frequency, 11-54

swept or stepped frequency,

11-9-10

microstrip lines, 29-26-27

rain, 33-20-21

satellite communications,

27-36-37

transmission lines, at

UHF,

29-15

in waveguide beyond cutoff, 30-7

connectors, 11-5, 11-8

definition of,

-2

pads, resistance values, 11-4

resistance networks for, 11-3-5

resistive, typical designs, 11-2-5

frequency

Attenuator(

Audio

inductors, 13-21-23

laminated-core, 13-21

toroidal core, 13-21-23

AM,

35-5

FM broadcast, 35-10

transformers, 13-12-14

cores for, 13-12-13

design of, 13-13-14

recording, digital, 35-27

signals, WWV and

WWVH,

telephone, 1-157

transformers

response

impedance match, 13-14

insertion

loss,

13-14

Audio Engineering Society, 35-28

Audio frequencies, standard,

WWV

and

WWVH,

1-151-152

Auditory system, 40-6-7

Aural intercity stations, 35-23

Aural transmitter, TV, 35-13-14

Automatic dependence surveillance

system, 37-8

Automatic detection and track (ADT),

36-22

Automatic repeat request

(ARQ),

25-14

Automobiles. vibration in, 49-25

Auxiliary broadcast services, 35-23-24

Auxiliary stations

frequency sharing, 35-24

low power, 35-24

television, 35-23

definition

of,

20-3

Avalanche breakdown, 18-11