Middleton W.M. (ed.) Reference Data for Engineers: Radio, Electronics, Computer and Communications

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FFT--cont

windowing, 28-1

zero padding, 28-1

bandwidth, 22-24

dispersion-flattened, 22-24

dispersion-shifted, 22-24

distributed data interface (FDDI),

26-33

graded-index, 22-19

in the loop (FITL), 38-6

-optic

Fiber(s)

facilities, telephone, 38-1 3

scatter sensor, 20-73-74

usage, cable systems, 35-16-17

vs satellite communications

systems, 27-5

optical

connectors, 22-24-25

dispersion, 22-22-24

group delay, 22-20-21

group index, 22-20-21

losses, 22-21-22

numerical aperture, 22-20

splicing, 22-24

terminology, 22-19

types of, 22-19-20

V-number, 22-21

single-mode step-index, 22-19

waveguide transmission, 22- 19-26

Fiducial, definition of, 20-5

Field

effect transistors, 14-8

bias techniques, 19-5

junction, 18-14-15

MOS, 18-15-16

emission, 16-7-10

current-voltage relationship, 16-12

displays, 16-13-14

macroscopic current density,

16-10

metals, 16-7-9

modulation, 16-12

protective resistance, 16-13

semiconductors, 16-9-10

transconductance, 16-12

emitter arrays, 16-10-12

programmable gate arrays (FPGA),

20-51, 20-53

regions, antenna, 32-4

strength

noise, 34-4

in proximity to antenna, 49-30

requirements, AM broadcast

variation with distance, 33-18-19

of view (FOV), optical receiver, 22-9

noise, 34-9

stations, 35-4

Figure

calculation of, 34-10-1 1

Filaments, tungsten, 16-3-5, 16-21

Film capacitors, 5-18

Film resistors, 5-12-13

Film systems, television, international

standards, 35-34

Filming, definition of, 20-5

Films

etchants used with, 20-20

thin, 20-13-14

&kerberg-Mossberg (AM) biquad,

active

Filter(

10-21-22

building blocks, 10-10-15

general realization methods, 10-8

low-pass notch, 10-44-45

operational transconductance

amplifiers in, 10-7

switched-capacitor, 10-34-45

types of, 10-3

zero placement formulas. 10-43

adaptive, 28-23-29

antialiasing, 35-37

autoregressive, 25-24

bandpass, 8-1-9

gain at resonance, 8-2-3

selectivity far from resonance, 8-3

selectivity near resonance, 8-3,8-6

Butterworth low-pass, 9-14

canonical dud-mode, 27-18

Chebyshev low-pass, 9-14

circuits, 14-39-43

switched capacitor, 28-29-32

basic principles, 28-30-31

voice quality, 28-31-32

coupled dual-mode circular-cavities,

design

27-18

Butterworth low-pass, 9-18,

capacitor input, 14-41

Cauer-parameter low-pass, 9-5-13

Chebyshev low-pass, 9-15-17

examples, low-pass, 9-19,9-22,

inductor input, 14-40-41

resonant, 14-43

adaptive, 28-23-29

design, 28-13-16

finite wordlength effects,

implementation, 28-1 6-22

impulse invariance, 28-13-14

LMS algorithm, 28-23-24

network structures, 28-16-20

overflow oscillations, 28-22

quantization error

coefficient error, 28-20

input error, 28-20

overflow oscillations, 28-22

roundoff error, 28-20-22

computer design, equiripple

IF, bandwidth, spectrum analyzer,

IIR, 28-13-15

integrated, 10-3

interference, optical receiver, 22-9

low-pass

9-20-21

9-24-26

digital, 28-2

28-20-22

FIR, 28-15-16

approximation, 28-16

12- 19-20

to band-stop transformation, 9-19

Filter(s)+ont

to bandpass transformation, 9-14

Cauer-parameter, 9-4-5

to high-pass transformation, 9-14

matched, Gaussian noise, 24-14-15

network, requirements for, 9-2

nonrecursive. 36-16

reference low-pass, 9-3

SC, 10-34-45

operation

ideal, 10-36-38

single-amplifier, 10-16-18

single-mode cascaded-cavities,

surface-acoustic-wave, 28-33-37

switched capacitor (SCF), 28-29

systems, sampled-data, 10-34-36

three-amplifier, 10-21-22

transconductance-C

(g,-C),

10-22-23

transfer function, 10-7-8

transversal, 36-16

two-amplifier, 10-18-21

27-18

response, 28-34

Fin-lines, 30-31

Finish application table, 49-9-10

Finishes, for tropical and marine

use,

Finite convolution equation, 28-3

Finite impulse response

(FIR),

28-3

FIR

filter, 28-15-16

49-5,49-8

FIPOS,

20-103

computer design, equiripple

LMS algorithm, 28-23-24

window designs, 28-15-16

approximation, 28-16

First-in first-out reservation scheme,

First ionization potential, 4-3,4-5,4-7

First-order transfer functions, 10-14-15

Fixed assignment techniques,

26-21

multiaccess link control,

26-18

Fixed composition resistors, 5-10-1 1

Fixed-point representations, 42-9-1

Fixed-program storage (read-only

memory or read-only store),

definition of, 20-5

27-13

Fixed Satellite Service (FSS), 27-3,

Flange

waveguide

insertion loss, 30-17

leakage, 30-16

resistance, 30-1 6-1 7

Flanking, sound isolation, 40-21, 40-23

Flexible cords, current-carrying

capacity, NEC, 49-13

Flexible waveguides, 30-8, 30-14-15

Flicker effect, electron tube, 16-18-19

Flip-chip package,

ICs,

20-29-30

Flip-flop

D, definition of, 20-6

definition of, 20-54

JK,

definition of, 20-6

RS, definition of, 20-6

RST, definition of, 20-6

Flip-flop-cont

Float zone, definition of, 20-6

Floating-point representations, 42-9-1

Flow control

entry-to exit, networks, 26-26-27

hop-level, networks, 26-26

network access, 26-27

Fluctuations, clutter, radar, 36-17

Fluid ounce, 3-14

Fluorescent lamps, 21-10

Fluorine, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Flux density, core materials, 13-5

Flux, units, 16-4547

Flyback converter, 14-28-29

definition of, 20-6

broadcast stations

35-9

minimum distance separation,

performance required, 35-9-10

broadcast, stereophonic

broadcasting, 35-6-1

transmission, 35-10-1 1

channel availability, 35-8-9

coverage, estimated, 35-9

frequency allocations, 35-7-8

interference ratios, 35-8

station classification, 35-8-9

multitone, bandwidth considerations

systems, signal-to-noise

translators, 35-1

in, 23-9

improvement, 23-9-10

FM/FM signal, spectral distribution of,

FMX stereo, 35-1

Focusing, cathode-ray tube, 16-55

Folded network, 39-2

Foot,

3-14

survey, 3-14

of water, 3-15

Footcandle, 3-15

Footlambert, 3-15

Force/pressure-current analogy, 40-6-7

Force/pressure-voltage analogy, 40-6

Forced-air cooling, electron tube,

16-16-17

Format, ancillary data, digital

television, 35-43

Formats, instruction, computer,

42-16-17

Forward bias

23-8

definition of, 20-3

semiconductor, 18-9-1

Forward, current, definition of, 20-4

Forward-mode converter, 14-19, 14-28

Foundation, steel radio towers,

49-21-22

Four-by-four, multifrequency

Four-terminal-pair bridge, 12-1

Four-wire repeaters, 38-1 1

Fourier

4G, 46-24

numerical code, 2-14,2-16

discrete transform, 28-7-13

expansion, harmonics, 7-8-9

Fourier-cont

series, 7-2,7-8-9

complex form, 7-2, 7-8-9

periodic waveforms and, 7-11-13

real form, 7-2

transfer of function, 7-2,7-3-8

transform, discrete-time, 28-5-6

Fowler Nordheim equation, 16-8

Fractal antennas, 32-32

Frame format, hit-oriented protocols,

Franaszek code, 25-6

Francium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Free electron laser

(FEL),

16-24,

Free fall, 3-15

Free space

26-16-17

16-39-41

permittivity of, 18-4

propagation, equations for, 33-27

transmission equations, 33-21-22

accuracy, international telephony,

allocations

Frequency(ies)

2-10

FM broadcasting, 35-7-8

radio, 1-3-141, 1-3-5

allotments, 1-141-142

bands, letter designation, 1-3

bands, radio, nomenclature, 1-2, 1-3

broadcasts, 1-148-162

cable television channels, 35-15,

35-21-22

cellular system, 46-3

counter, 12-21-22

-dependent negative resistance.

see

FDNR

distributions, common, 45-1

diversity, 37-3

functions, pulse shapes, 7-6-8

-hop spread-spectrum

communications, 24-26

-independent antennas, 32-28-29

international broadcasting stations,

lowest useful high, 33-8

maximum usable, 33-7

measurement, 12-21-23

modulation, 23-7;

See

also

normalized, 9-3

optimum working, 33-8

repair, definition of, 20-9

response, single-stage transistor

amplifier, 19-6, 19-15

reuse, cellular system, 46-17-19

reuse factor, cellular system, 46-18

satellite communications, choice of,

sharing, auxiliary broadcast services,

shift, Doppler, 36-14

shift keying

35-24

27- 12-13

35-24

binary, 24-8-9

continuous-phase, 24-9-10

multiple, 24-10

spectrum, cellular system, 46-4

standards, 1-144148

Frequency(ies)-cont

and time-domain relationships,

and time-interval analysis, 12-23-24

tracking loop, 12-27

vibration, natural, 49-24

-wavelength, conversions, 1-2

integrals, 47-41

-Kirchhoff theory, 33-16

zones, 33-16-17

Frustrum, equations for, 47-6

FSK

See

Binary Frequency-Shift

Full-wave rectifier

single-phase

bridge, 14-13

center-tap, 14- 12-1 3

12-15-16

Fresnel

Keying

Function(

Bessel, 47-4143

conditional probability, 44-2-3

cumulative distribution, 44-2

entropy, 25-8-10

error, 47-40-41

Fourier transfer of, 7-2,7-3-8

gamma, 47-40

hyperbolic, 47- 13-1 4

marginal probability, 44-2

network, 26-7-9

polygamma, 47-40

probability density, 44-2

transcendental, 47-21

products, 43-5

quantities, transmission lines,

29-4-5

sums,

43-5

table of, 48-9-10

47-40

Fundamental

Fundamental physical constants,

3-7-13

Fungus, on materials, 49-8

Furlong, 3-15

Furnishings, absorption coefficients,

Fusible metallization, definition of,

Fusion, latent heat of, of elements, 4-9:

40-16

20-6

4-11

GaAs

LEDs,

21-11

Gadolinium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Gain

antenna, 32-3

radar, 36-12

relative to hypothetical isotropic,

circularly polarized antenna, 32-1 1

current, power transistor, 14-5

insertion, 12-26

loop, feedback, 15-1 1

luminous, 16-49

-phase plot, nonlinear system, 15-29

33-26

INDEX

Gain-cont

power

apparent, 33-26

amplifiers, 17-17

at resonance, bandpass filter, 8-2-3

Gal, 3-15

Galactic noise, 32-9, 34-5

Gallileo System, 37-8

Gallium, 4-45,4-8-9

Gallium arsenide LEDs, 21-1

Gallon, 3-15

Galois field, 25-15

Galvanic series, in sea water, 4-3,4-13

Games, communications, 25-27-31

Gamma, 3-15

Gamma distribution, 45-1

Gamma function, 47-40

Gap noise, temporal structure, 34-8

Gas photodiodes, 16-50

Gas tubes, 16-41-45

amplification of, 16-42-43

cold-cathode, 16-42

hot-cathode, 16-42

microwave applications for,

16-44-45

as noise source, 16-4445

voltage regulator, 16-43

Gaseous attenuation, 33-20

Gases, sound in, 40-3-4

Gate

AND, 43-3

arrays, 20-49-54

definition of, 20-6

field programmable, 20-51,20-53,

20-55

circuit, two-stage, 43-12

Exclusive-OR, 43-1

Inclusive-OR, 43-1 1

NAND, definition

of,

20-6

networks, general, 43-10-1

NOR, definition of, 20-6

OR, 43-3

oxide electrode deposition,

20-100-101

reduced, 43-1 1

set, complete, 43-10

structure formation, 20-101

sum modulo two, 43-1

turn-off, thyristors, 14-1

XOR,

definition

of,

20-6

Gauss, 3-15

algorithm, 47-32

Gaussian distribution, table of, 48-8

Gaussian noise, 32-9

definition of, 20-6

channel, additive, 25-18-19

general, optimum threshold for,

General impedance converter (GIC),

General purpose interface bus (GPIB),

General Radio Type 21-3, 12-10

General-register

computer processor, 42-15

24-14

10-12-13, 10-19

12-33-34

organization of, 42-14-16

General-register-cont

processors, 42-1 1

Generation-recombination noise, 21 -1 9

Generators

character, definition of, 20-4

rate, 15-4

Geographical zones for broadcasting,

Geometric progression, 47-8

Geometry

analytic, solid, 47-19-21

plane analytic, 47-16-19

Geophysical alerts,

WWV

and

Geostationary orbit, 27-1

Geostationary satellite, elevation and

Germanium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Germany, cellular systems in, 46-3

Getters, vacuum tube, 16-22

GIC

See

General Impedance Converter

Gilbert, 3-15

Gill, 3-15

Glass, metallic, 13-4

Glass spray, definition of, 20-6

Global alignment, definition

of,

20-6

Global positioning system, 37-6-8

measurement techniques, 1-160-162

status announcement, WWV and

ITU,

35-24-25

WWVH,

1-155-156

azimuth angles, 27-1 1-12

WWVH, 1-156-157

GLONASS, 37-8

g,,

definition of, 20-6

GOI, definition of, 20-6

Goodness of fit, 44-4-5

GPIB, 12-33-34

GPS, 37-6-8

Grad, 3-15

Grade

service, switching system,

Graded-index fibers, 22-19

Grain, 3-15

Gram, 3-15

Gram atomic volume, 4-3,4-4,4-6

Graphic design, power grid tube

circuits, 17-4-8

Graphic symbols

British, 49-28

logic design, 49-29

US,

49-26-27

Gold, 4-4-5,4-8-9

39-1 1-12

bandwidth, 22-24

Grating lobes, antenna array, 32-35-36

Gray, 3-2

Great circle

per second, 3-2

calculations, 33-1 1-12

distance, 33-8

Greek alphabet, 3-6

Grid drive power, power grid tube, 17-3

Grid temperature, electron tube, 16-18

Grids

electron tube, 16-21-22

network, 26-34

conductivity

Ground

Canada, 35-5, 35-8

Ground+ont

us,

35-5, 35-7

various

terrains,

33-4,33-6

connection, Wagner, 12-3

packet radio, 26-6

systems, radial-wire, 32-15-16

Grounded-cathode circuit, 17-8-9

Grounded-grid circuit, 17-8-9

Group delay

distortion

measurement of, 12-28-29

telephony, 2-9

optical fiber, 22-20-21

Group index, optical fiber, 22-20-21

Group indicators, military equipment,

GSM digital cellular system, 46-22,

Gunn diode, 18-24-25

Gyration resistance, 10-13-14

Gyrator, 10- 13-14

Gyro

39-35

46-24

backward-wave tubes, 16-38-39

klystron, 16-38-39

traveling-wave tubes, 16-38-39

Gyrotron, 16-38-39

Hadamard mahix, 24-3

Hafnium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Half-angle equation, 47-1 1-12,47-13,

Half-side equations, 47-13,47-16

Half-wave dipole antennas, 32-13-15

Half-wave rectifier, single-phase, 14-12

Hamming code, 25-15

Hamming window function, 28-1

Hand, 3-15

Handoff procedure, 46-8

Hanning window function, 28-1

Hansen one-parameter circular source

distribution, antennas, 32-53

Hardness, relative, of elements, 4-8.

4-10

Hardware, computer, 42-3

Harmonic currents, power supply

filters, 14-41

Harmonic distortion

audio transformers,

13-13

transistor amplifiers, 19-16-17

Harmonic motion, equations, 49-22-23

Harmonics, Fourier expansion, 7-8-9

Hartley oscillator, 19-25

Hay bridge, 12-5

Haze, Hilton, definition

of,

20-6

HDSL, 38-8

Hearing, 40-6-7

Heat

47-16

latent,

elements, 4-9

specific, of elements, 4-9

Heat

fusion, latent, of elements, 4-9,

Heat, specific, of elements, 4-9,4-11

Heaviside expansion theorem, 6-21

4-1

Hectare, 3-15

Helium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Helix antennas, 32-23-24

Helix, traveling-wave tube, 16-30,

HEMTs, 27-17

Henry, 3-2

Hermite-Gaussian beam modes, 41-8

Hermitian forms, matrix algebra, 47-34

Hertz, 3-2

Heterodyne-detection, optical

receivers, 22- 10-12

Heterostructures, laser, 41-9

Hewlett-Packard,

meter, 12-8-10

Hexadecimal, number system, 42-5

Hierarchical routing, network, 26-24

High

16-33

per meter, 3-2

altitude tests, 5-6, 5-7

definition television (HDTV), 35-18,

frequencies, propagation of, 33-6-12

frequency

antenna, angles of departure and

propagation, forecasts, 33-8-10

transmissions, bandwidth

limitations, 33-9-1

intensity visible LEDs, 21-1 1-12

level data link control, 26-16

level language, computer, 42-3

order transfer functions, 10-23-34

speed

data channel systems, 46-25

digital services, 38-6

DSL, 38-8

local area network, 26-30-36

wide area networks, 26-36-39

tone, telephony, proposed standard,

35-23, 35-43-46

arrival, 33-8

2-18

Higher-level protocols, network,

26-29-30

Hillocks, definition of, 20-6

Hilton haze, definition of, 20-6

Hogshead, 3-15

Hold time, definition of, 20-6

Hollow waveguides, propagation in,

30-3

Holmium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Homojunction lasers, 41-9

Hooks and extensions, 46-7

Hop-level flow control, networks,

Horizon, radio, distance, 33-13-15

Horizontal resolution, television,

Horn antennas, 32-22-23, 32-24

Horsepower, 3-15,49-18

Hot-cathode, gas tubes, 16-42

Hour, 3-15

Huffman code, 25-10

Humidity

constant, tests, 5-6

effect on cavity tuning, 30-21

relative, Celsius table of, 49-6

26-26

35-35-36

Hundredweight, 3-15

Hybrid

-coil method, 12-7

junctions, waveguide, 30-19-20

repeaters, 38-11, 38-13

routing, network, 26-25

Hydrogen, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Hydrogen masers, 1-147-148

Hydrogen thyratron, 16-42-43

Hydrometeors, 27-36

Hydrophilic, definition of, 20-6

Hydrophobic, definition of, 20-6

Hyperbola, equations for, 47-19

Hyperbolic

cosines, table of, 48-3

distance, measurement of, 31-6-9

functions, 47-13-14

protractor, 31-7

sines, table of, 48-2

tangents, table of, 48-4

trigonometry, 47-14-16

for, 47-21

Hyperboloid, of revolutions, equations

Hypothesis

alternate, 25-22

null, 25-22

testing, 25-22-23

I/O,

memory mapped, 42-32

I/O

section, microprocessor, 20-36-37

IBM System Network Architecture

(SNA), 26-9,26-10

IC(S)

access time, 20-3

Damascene processing, 20-22-26

design, 20-26-28

modeling, 20-26

simulation, 20-26

topological realization of,

20-26-28

etching, 20-19-21

fabrication, 20-1

process, 20-22-26

image-sensing, 20-46

micro-electro-mechanical

systems

for microcomputers, 20-36-39

for microprocessors, 20-36-39

processing, 20-1 1-26

speech-synthesizer, 20-4647

system in a package

(SIP),

20-47-48

system on a chip (SOC), 20-4748

three-dimensional, 20-108

voltage reference, 20-43,20-45

voltage regulators, 20-45

yield, 20-23,20-26

(MEMS), 20-49

IDSL, 38-7

IEC, 5-4,35-29

standard

625, 12-33-34

625-2, 12-34-35

JEEE

standard,

488.1, 12-33-34

488.2, 12-34-35

filter, bandwidth, 12-19-20

IGBT

See

Insulated-Gate Bipolar

Transistors

IGFET;

See

also

Insulated-Gate

Field-Effect Transistor

definition of, 20-6

Ignitrons, 16-42

IIR filters, 28-13-15

LMS algorithm, 28-24

Illumination, earth surface,

approximate, 16-48

Illuminators, multizone RTP, 20-67-68,

20-69

ILS, 37-4

Image

charge potential, 16-8

guides, 30-27-28

intensifier tube, 16-48-50

orthicons, 16-50-52

-sensing ICs, 20-46

tube, 16-48-50

Imaging, optical, 16-4748

Imaging telescope, 22-6

Immittance, vs normalized frequency,

double-tuned circuits,

8-9-10

IMPATT diode, 18-24-25

Impedance(s)

acoustic, specific, 40-3

and admittance

matrix of a junction, 31-9-10

waveguide, normalized, 3 1-9

analyzer, vector, 12-13

bridges, 12-3-13

characteristic, of transmission lines,

29-21-25

formulas, 6-6,6-9-13

input, of resonant line, 29-16-17

lower than directly measurable,

measurement of, 12-8-9

match, audio transformers, 13-14

matching

with open stub, 29-19

with shorted stub, 29-19

meters, automatic, 12-11-13

mutual, antenna array, 32-3840

telephony trunks, 2-9

transformation on high SWR lines,

29-12-13

transmission lines, 29-6-7

Implicants, prime, 43-13-14

Impregnated tungsten dispenser

Impulse invariance, digital filter,

Impulse noise, definition of, 38-9

Impurities

scan, 32-44

cathodes, 17-18

28-13-14

acceptor, 18-4

donor, 18-4

mercury, 3-15

of water, 3-15

Inch, 3-15

Inclusive-OR gate, 43-1

Incoherent sources, optical

communications, 22-6-7

Incremental encoders, in error

measuring systems, 15-2

Indefinite integrals, 47-21-24

Independent sideband method,

Index, refractive, typical mean values,

Indicator letters, equipment, 49-35

Indicators

stereo, 35-6

33-29,33-31

developmental, military equipment,

unit, military equipment, 49-38-39

49-36-37

Indirect addressing, 42-25-26

Indium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Indoor design, noise levels, 40-15,

Inductance

40-17

self-, circular ring, 6-14

of single-layer solenoids, 6-3-5

Induction-heating supply, 14-4849

Inductively coupled

plasma

discharges, 20-93-95

Inductor(s)

audio-frequency, 13-21-23

laminated core, 13-21

toroidal core, 13-21-23

charge and discharge, 6-16-17

energy stored, 6-15

frequency ranges, 13-3

input, filter design, 14-4041

loss

equations, 13-26

magnetic core, 13-3

magnetic-core, 13- 19, 13-21

pot-core, 13-23

precision adjustable, 13-23,

13-26-28

13-26

simulation, 10-29, 10-30-32

temperature stability, 13-28

types of, 13-3

Industrial noise, assessment of, 40-12

Inequalities, 47-1 1

Inference, probability and statistical,

Infinite impulse response (IIR), 28-3

Information networks, multiterminal,

Information theory, fundamental

Infrared, emitters, 21-11

Infrared spectrum, 21-2

Injection laser, semiconductor,

INMARISAT

communications system,

Input loading factor (ILF), definition

Input/output

45-15-25

25-26-27

theorem of, 25-14

21-12-14

27-5

of, 20-6

computer, 42-14,42-30-33

programming, 42-32

characteristic loss, 11 -2

gain, 12-26

loss, 12-26

Insertion

audio transformers, 13-14

definition of, 38-9-10

Insertion-cont

resonant lines, 29-17-18

Instantaneous sampling, pulse

amplitude modulation, 23-12

Instantaneous sound pressure,

definition of, 40-9

Instruction register, computer

processor, 42-15

Instruction set, computer, 42-17

Instructional Television Fixed Service

Instrument landing system, 37-4

Instruments, computer control of,

Insulated-gate bipolar transistors,

Insulated-gate field-effect transistor

Insulating materials, 4-12,4-13

characteristics of, 4-20-23

transformers

classes of, 13-10-11

operating temperatures, 13-10-1

(ITFS), 35-18,35-20

12-33-35

14-7-8, 14-30, 14-32

(IGFET), 18-1 5-1 6

Insulation, dielectric, transformers,

Insulator, definition of, 20-6

Integer(s)

13-10

reciprocals of, sums of powers of,

signed, 42-4

sums of powers of, 47-8

unsigned, 42-4

cosine, 47-39-40

definite, 47-27-29

elliptic, 47-41

exponential, 47-39

Fresnel, 47-41

indefinite, 47-21-24

sine, 47-3940

table of, 47-21-29

exponential, 47-25

logarithmic, 47-24-25

trigonometric, 47-25-27

Integrated circuit(s);

See

also IC

application specific, 20-49-56

ceramic flat package, 20-29

ceramic packages, 20-28-29

Damascene processing, 20-22-26

definitions, 20-3-1 1

digital, 20-30-39

flip-chip package, 20-29-30

leadless ceramic chip carrier, 20-29

linear, 20-4245

memory, 20-39-42

micro-electro-mechanical

systems

miscellaneous, linear, 20-45

packaging, 20-28-30

plastic packages, 20-28

processing, single wafer, 20-56-102

special purpose linear, 20-45

system in a package

(SIP),

system on a chip (SOC), 20-4748

47-8-9

Integrals

Integrands

(MEMS),

20-49

20-4748

Integrated circuit(s)--cont

terminology, 20-3-1

trends in, 20-45-49

Integrated

CMOS

processing,

RTP

for,

Integrated device manufacturing,

Integrated Digital Services Network

Integrated filters, 10-3

Integrated injection (I’L), 20-33-34

Integrated services digital network

(ISDN), 38-3

Integration, 47-44

Integrators, 10-1 1-12

Miller, 10-1 1-12

20-74-76

20-58-66

(ISDN), 27-5

SC, 10-38-39

INTELSAT, 27-28-29,27-32

INTELSAT IV, 27-24

INTELSAT VI, 27-18

Intensity

call, 39-11

modulation, 22-3

signal, LED, 22-7

sound, 40-5

traflic, 39-1

47-17

Committee (IRAC), 1-3

Intercept-intercept form, equation,

Interdepartment Radio Advisory

Interface protocols, 26-8

Interfaces

bit-parallel, 35-40

bit-serial, 35-40

computer, 42-30

composite triple beat, 35-16

between direct and reflected waves,

33-17-18

electromagnetic, 12-36

regulations, 12-36-37

filter, optical receiver, 22-9

levels, speech, 40-15

ratios,

broadcasting, 35-8

signals from other sources, 34-1 1-12

tone, definition of, 38-9

Interference

Interferences, patents applications,

Interior design, noise levels, 40-17

Interlevel isolation, 20-101-102

Intermediate Data Rate (IDR), 27-28

Intermodulation noise, transponder,

International

49-33

27-1 5-17

broadcasting stations, 35-3

frequencies, 35-24

schedules, 35-24

broadcasting, United States,

sound recording standards, 35-29

standards

35-24-26

for broadcasting, 35-46-49

telephony, 2-3

television film systems, 35-34

telephony country codes, 2-13

television recording standards, 35-34

International Air Transportation

International Business Service

(IBS),

International Civil Aviation

International Electrotechnical

publications, 35-47-48

Standardization

Association (IATA), 37-2

27-28

Organization (ICASO), 37-2

Commission, 5-4

International Organization for

recommendations, 35-48

International Radio Consultative

Committee (CCIR), 35-46

recommendations, 35-47

International Standards Organization,

International Telecommunications

International Telephone and Telegraph

5-4

Union (ITU), 35-46, 37-2

Consultative Committee

Internet time signals, 1-158, 1-160

Interoffice signaling, common carrier,

38-16-18

Interpolation, at equidistant points,

47-44

Interpolation polynomial, 47-44

Interpreter, computer, 42-3

Intersatellite Satellite Service (ISS),

Intertoll

trunks,

telephone, 38-6-7

Intrinsic concentration, definition of,

20-6

Intrinsic material, 18-5

Inventions

(CCITT), 35-46

27-13

patent protection of, 49-32-34

recognizing, 49-32-33

Inventive process, 49-33

Inventor, who is, 49-33

Inverse baseline network, 39-9

Inverse transforms, 47-39

Inverse z-transfer function, 15-17

Inversion formula method, inverse

Inverter, 43-2

z-transfer evaluation, 15-17

dc-ac, 14-47-50

definition of, 13-11-12

ratioless, definition of, 20-9

Iodine, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Ion-beam lithography, definition of,

Ion implantation

20-6

definition of, 20-6

substrate doping procedures,

20-21-22

Ion milling, definition of, 20-6

Ionization potential, first, 4-3,4-5,

Ionospheric scatter propagation,

Ionospheric scintillations, 27-33-35

Iridium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

IRIDIUM, 27-1 1

Irises, resonant, 30-24

4-7

33-12

Iron, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Iron powder, 13-4

Irradiance, solar spectral, 22-13

ISDN, 27-5,38-3

ISDN DSL, 38-7

ISO, 5-4

Isocline method, phase portrait

Isolated routing, network, 26-25

Isolation

reference network, 26-9, 26-10

construction, 15-31

sound, 40-17,40-19-23

doors, 40-19

flanking, 40-21,40-23

resilient channels, 40-19

walls, 40-19,40-20-21

weighting of components, 40-19,

40-21

Isolators, shock, 49-26

Isoplanar, definition of, 20-7

ITU

geographical zones for broadcasting,

35-24-25

Radio Regulations, 1-2

Jammer saddle point, 25-27-29

Jansky, 3-15

Japan, cellular systems

in,

46-3-4

Jaynes maximum entropy principle,

JEDEC, 5-4

JETDS

25-24

nomenclature policy, 39-35

type numbers, examples, 49-37

large symbol model, 19-2-3

transistor, symbol, 19-2-3

Johnson noise, 21-18

Joint Committee on Television

Joint distribution, 44-2

Joint Electron Device Engineering

Council, 5-4

Joint Precision Approach and Landing

System, 37-8

Joint Tactical Information Distribution

System, 37-8

Joule, 3-2

per cubic meter, 3-2

per kelvin, 3-2

per kilogram, 3-2

per kilogram kelvin, 3-2

per mole, 3-2

per mole kelvin, 3-2

JFET

Transmission (CMTT), 35-46

PALS,

37-8

JTIDS, 37-8

Jump resonance, 15-23

Junction(s)

avalanche, definition of, 20-7

barrier, definition of, 20-7

capacitor, definition of, 20-7

collector, 18-18

emitter, 18-1 8

Junction( s)-cont

field-effect transistors.

see

JFET

photovoltaic, 18-13

pn, 18-8-12

at equilibrium, 18-8-9

transistor, definition of, 20-7

two-port, 31-3

Jury table, 15-18-19

Kahn system,

stereo, 35-6

Kamaugh map, 43-13

Kayser, 3-15

Kelvin, 3-3

temperature, 3-3

Kepler's laws, 27-6-7

Keying

amplitude-shift, 24-5

binary frequency-shift, 24-8-9

binary phase-shift, 24-54

continuous-phase frequency-shift,

differential phase-shift, 24-19-21

minimum-shift (MSK), 24-8

multiple frequency shift, 24-10-1

offset quadriphase shift, 24-8

phase-shift, 24-1 1-13

quadriphase shift, 24-6-8

24-9-10

Kilocalorie, 3-15

Kilogram, 3-3

Kilogram-force, 3-15

Kilopond, 3-15

Kip, 3-15

Kirchhoff

law, 2 1-3

KlystrodeTM

amplifier, 17-10, 17-18

tube, 16-22

Klystrons, 16-25-30

gyro, 16-38-39

multicavity, 16-27-29

multiple-beam, 16-29-30

reflex, 16-27

two-cavity, 16-26

per cubic meter, 3-3

classes of, 16-28

Knife-edge diffraction propagation,

Knot, 3-15

KO01

effect, definition of, 20-7

Krypton, 4-4-5,4-8-9

band, satellites, 35-23

Kullback principle of minimum

discrimination,

25-24

33-29

definition of, 20-7

Laboratory microphones, 40-8

Ladder

low-pass, L-C, simulation

of,

simulation, 10-27-34

using

FDNR

circuits, 10-29-30

10-27-30

leapfrog topology, 10-29

Ladder--cont

using inductor simulation, 10-29

using

OTAs,

10-30-34

Lag controller, 15-12

Lambert, 3-15

Lambert’s law, 21-9

Laminations, transformer, 13-34

Lamps

arc, 21-10

fluorescent, 21 -10

tungsten, 21-10

LAN

See

Local Area Network

Land Mobile Satellite Service (LMSS),

Landing system, instrument, 37-4

Langley, 3-15

Lanthanum, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Laplace transforms, 6-19-21, 15-17,

27-3

47-38-39

table of, 47-38-39

Large-scale integration, definition of,

Large-signal measurements, 12-16-17

Laser anneal, definition of, 20-7

Laser(s)

20-7

common, 41-8-9

CW, 41-8

common, 41-13-14

detector classes, 41-2

excitation mechanisms, 41-9

free electron, 16-24, 16-3941

heterostructures, 41-9

homojunction, 41-9

losses, 41-4

pulsed,

41-8

second-harmonic generation, 41-12,

41-14,41-16-19

semiconductor, 21 -12-14,4 1-9

spectral region of operation, 41 -2

threshold, 41-4-6

titanium-doped sapphire, 41-9

transient operation, 41-5-6

transverse modulators, 41-18

tuning curves for various dyes,

high power, 41-12

41-10-1

circuit, set-reset, 43-16

electronic logic circuit, 43-16

SR circuit, 43-16

Latch

Latent

heat

fusion,

elements, 4-9,

Law

4-11

Bouguer’s, 22-14

Einstein’s, 21-22

Kirchhoff’s, 21-3

Lambert’s, 21-9

Planck’s, 21-3,21-6

Snell’s, 22-19-20

Stefan-Boltzmann, 21-3,21-5

of trade secrets, 49-31-32

Wien’s displacement, 21-3

Lawrencium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Layer, network, 26-23-29

LCR Meter, automatic, 12-1 1-12

Lead, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Lead controller, 15-12

Leadless ceramic chip carrier, ICs,

League, 3-15

Leakage, flange, waveguide, 30-16

Leaks, sound, 40-22-23

Leap seconds, 1-143-144

Leap seconds,

WWV

and

WWVH,

1-154

Leapfrog topology, ladder simulation,

10-29

Least mean square algorithm, 28-23-24

LEDs, 21-10-1

See

also Light

20-29

Emitting Diodes

high-intensity visible, 21-1 1-12

radiation pattern, 22-6

Lempel-Ziv code, 25-9

Length, of transmission line, 29-21

Lengths, associated with plane figures,

LEO satellites, 27-1 1

Letter designation

equations for, 47-4-5

frequency bands, 1-3

radar bands, 36-1 1

confidence, 45-15

crossing rate (LCR), mobile signal,

reference level point, 38-9

relative, 38-9

sound, 40-8

Level

46-12

power, 40-8-9

pressure, 40-5-6

Levinson algorithm, 25-25

L‘Huilier’s theorem, 47-13

Life expectancy, power grid tubes,

17-17-18

Life testing, 45-13-14

Lifetime, definition of, 20-7

Lifetime, photon, 41-7

Light

-emitting diodes, 18-13, 18-23-24

-emitting tubes, 16-45-48, 16-55-58

-sensing tubes, 16-45-54

speed of, 18-4

visible, emitters, 21-1

Light year, 3-15

Limit cycle, 15-23

Limits, confidence, 45-15-21

Line

parameters, transmission lines,

shape function, laser, 41-2

of sight transmissions, 33-13-29

signal, telephone, 2-14-17

straight, equations of a, 47-20

amplifier, 17-10-1

array feeds, 32-36-38

-beam tube, 16-25-34

buses, network, 26-33-34

difference equation, 28-3

electro-optic effect, 41-17-19

expansion, of elements, 4-9,4-11

integrated circuits, 20-4245

29-4-5

Linear

miscellaneous, 20-45

Lineardont

special purpose, 20-45

regulated power supplies, 14-43-44

time-invariant digital systems,

stability of, 15-18-20

time-invariant systems

control system, 15-12-13

stability of, 15-5-10

transformations, matrix algebra,

47-32

Lines

attenuation, 29-29-30

fin-, 30-31

microstrip, 29-25-27

power rating, 29-30-31

resonant, 29-15-19

transmission

slot, 30-29-31

coplanar, 29-28-29

strip, 29-27-28

Link, 3-15

Link budgets, satellite communications,

27-13-14

Link control, multiaccess, 26-18-23

Liquid crystal displays, 18-23

Liquids, sound in, 40-4-5

Listener echo, definition of, 38-10

Liter, 3-15

Literal, logic, definition of, 43-3

Lithium, 4-45,4-8-9

Lithography, 20- 14,20- 17-1 9

mask generation, 20-14

resist casting, 20-17-18

resist development, 20-18-19

resist exposure, 20-18

LMS algorithm, 28-23-24

Load line, definition of, 20-7

Load reflection coefficient,

rL,

definition of, 12-25

Load resistance, power grid tube, 17-3

Load, traffic carrying, for grade of

service, 39-13-14

factor, input, definition of, 20-6

factors, definition of, 20-7

noise, 12-31

steel radio towers, 49-20-21

telephony circuit, 2-5-6

Loads, active, transistor amplifiers,

19-17-19

Local AM broadcast stations, 35-3

Local area networks

classes of, 26-31-32

distributed control algorithms,

26-22-23

high speed, 26-30-36

low speed, 26-32

medium speed, 26-32

Local interoffice trunks, telephone,

LOCOS, definition of, 20-7

LOCSTAR, 27-1 1

Log (0.4343), multiples of, table of,

Log-periodic antennas, 32-30-32

Logarithmic integrands, 47-2425

38-6

48-4

Logarithmic plots, 15-6-7

Logarithms, base 2, table of, 48-5

Log,lO (2.3026), multiples of, table of,

Logic

48-5

array, programmable, 20-5 1,20-53

binary, definition of, 20-3

circuit, electronic latch, 43-16

circuits, analysis of, 43-34

complement, definition of, 43-3

design

graphic symbols, 49-29

map method, 43-12-15

synthesis, 43-4-8

devices, programmable, 20-5

20-53

double-rail, 43-10

dynamic, 20-36

emitter-coupled (ECL), 20-32-33,

families

20-35

bipolar, 20-30-35

MOS, 20-35-36

integrated injection (12L), 20-33-34

literal, definition of, 43-3

negative, 43-2

networks, 43-6-8

positive, 43-2

ratioed, 20-35-36

ratioless, 20-36

Schottky transistor (STL), 20-34-35

single-rail, 43-10

standard terminology, 20-32

static, 20-35-36

swing, definition of, 20-7

definition of, 20-8

Logical circuit routing, networks,

Lognormal distribution, 45-1

Long-cable method, return loss

measurement, 12-30

Longitudinal modulators, laser. 41-18

Longitudinal redundancy check, 26-15

Longitudinal slot

resonant conductance, 32-20-21

resonant length, 32-20-21

antennas, 32-18-19

frequency tracking, 12-27

gain, feedback, 15-11

reverse-battery signaling, 38-16

subscriber

26-25

LOOP(S)

spheroidal core, 32-19-20

telephone, 38-5-6

resistance design. 38-5

Loran-C, 37-3

Loss(es), 38-8

characteristic insertion. 11 -2

cosecant-squared antenna, radar,

echo return, definition of, 38-10

flange insertion, waveguide, 30-17

inductors, 13-26-28

insertion. 12-26

36-12-13

definition of, 38-9-10

resonant lines, 29-17-18

Loss (es)+ont

magnetic core, 13-26

net, 38-9

optical fiber, 22-21-22

path, radio waves, 33-4

power semiconductors, 14-3 1-32

propagation, mobile radio, 46-9

return, 12-29-30

singing margin, definition of, 38-10

singing return, definition of, 38-10

transducer

definition

of,

38-10

definition

of,

38-10

transmission lines, 29-13-14

transmission, radio waves, 33-4

turn-on, 14-32, 14-33

winding-resistance, inductors, 13-27

Loudspeaker, placement in distributed

system, 40-24

Low frequencies, propagation

of,

33-3-6

turn-off, 14-32, 14-33

Low-gain antennas, 32-13-22

Low-pass

to band-stop transformation, filters,

to bandpass transformation, filters,

filter

9-19

9-14

Butterworth, 9-14

Cauer-parameter, 9-4-5

Chebyshev, 9-14

design

Butterworth, 9-18,9-20-21

Cauer-parameter, 9-5-1 3

Chebyshev, 9-15-17

examples, 9-19,9-22,9-24-26

to high-pass transformation, filters,

ladder, L-C, simulation of, 10-27-30

notch, active filter, 10-4445

reference, 9-3

9-14

Low power auxiliary stations, 35-24

Low-power television (LPTV) stations,

Low voltage power supplies, world,

Lowest useful high frequency

(luf),

LPCVD, definition of, 20-7

LQ-optimal control, controller design,

Lumen, 3-3

Luminous gain, 16-49

Lutetium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Lux. 3-3

35-17-18

49-8,49-10-11

33-8

15-15

M-ary signaling, 24-10-1

Machine language, computer, 42-3

Machine-language program, computer,

42-22-24

Macroscopic current density, 16-10

Magnesium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Magnet-wire data, 6-34

Magnetic

core

inductors, 13-3, 13-19, 13-21

loss.

13-26

reactors, 13-3, 13-18-19

types of, 13-3-5

materials, 4-17,4-19

ferrites, 4-19,4-25,4-25-27

permanent-magnet, 4-19,4-25

permeability, 13-4

soft, 13-4

soft magnetic metals, 4-19,4-24

metals. soft, properties of. 4-19.4-24

Magnetostriction, 4-27-29

Magnetrons, 16-34-36

-enhanced discharges, 20-95-96

etch, cryogenic, 20-97-99

oscillator, 16-34-36

pulsed, 16-35

tuning, 16-35

voltage-tuned, 16-36-37

Magnitude, formulas, series and

parallel combinations,

6-9-13

Mainframe memory, definition of, 20-7

Majority carriers, 18-5

Man-made radio noise, 34-6

Manganese, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Manufacturing

MANS,

26-32

device, intelligent cluster-tool-based,

20-63,20-66

integrated device, 20-58-66

semiconductor, 20-56-58

Map, Kamaugh, 43-13

Map method, logic design, 43-12-15

Marginal probability function, 44-2

Marine storm warnings, WWV and

WWVH,

1-156

MARISAT

communications system,

27-5

Maritime Mobile Satellite Service

(MMSS), 27-3

Mark,

FSK

signal, 24-9

Markov source, 25-8

Maser, 41-2

Masers, hydrogen, 1-147-148

Mask generation, lithography, 20-14

Mass number, 4-3,4-4,4-6

Mass, relative atomic, 4-4,4-6

Mass storage devices, computer, 42-14

Matched filter, 24-14-15

estimator, 25-23-24

Matching sections, quarter-wave, 29-19

Material(

acoustic properties. 4-31-33

conducting, 4-3

dispersion, optical, 22-22

ferromagnetic, 13-3

insulating, 4-12,4-13

characteristics of, 4-20-23

dissipation factor, 4-13

permittivity of, 4-12,4-13

transformers

classes of, 13-10-11

Material( s)-cont

operating temperatures,

13-10-11

magnetic, 4-17.4-19

permeability, 13-4

microwave, 4-27

permanent-magnet, 4-1 9,4-25

semiconducting. 4-3,4-18

soft magnetic, 4-19,4-24, 13-4

steel radio towers, 49-20

for tropical and marine use, 49-5,

49-8

Mathematical expectation, 44-34

Matrix

algebra, 47-31-35

Hadamard, 24-3

of a junction, impedance and

scattering

admittance, 31-9-10

of a junction, 31-3

measurement of, 31-44

state transition, 15-13-14

transformation, 31-34, 31-10-11

Matter, interaction with optical waves,

Maximum

21-9-10

available power,

P,,,

definition of.

data rate, optical fiber, 22-25

entropy, 25-24

usable frequency (muf), 33-7

12-25

Maxterms, 43-5

Maxwell, 3-15

bridge, 12-5

Mean

absolute deviation, 44-4

absolute error, 44-4

noise power, 12-31

root mean square deviation from,

44-3

standard deviation from, 44-3

time before failure (MTBF), 45-3

time between failure (MTBF), 45-12

time to repair

(MTTR),

45-3,45-13

admittance, 12-8

ambient conditions for, 5-5,5-7

amplitude

Measurement(

range, 12-18-19

response, 12-26-27

attenuation, 11-5-10

broadband, 11-7

fixed frequency, 11-54

swept or stepped frequency,

11-9-10

baseband. 12-30-33

and true

Lx,

with Q-meter,

capacitor in series with unknown,

canier/noise, 12-33

coupling coefficient, loosely coupled

diagnostic, microwave systems,

direct capacitance, 12-6-7

12-8-10

12-6

coils, 12-9-10

12-33

Measurement(s)-cont

electromagnetic interference, 12-36

electromagnetic susceptibility, 12-38

frequency, 12-21-23

group-delay distortion, 12-28-29

hybrid-coil method, 12-7

impedances lower than directly

large-signal, 12- 16-1 7

microphones, 40-8

microwave frequencies, 12-22

noise, 34-8-1 1

broadcast receivers, 34-8-9

figure, 34-9-10

optical detectors, 21-18

measurable, 12-8-9

Q of resonant circuit, by bandwidth,

reflection coefficient,

1-2

return loss, 12-30

RF,

12-24-26

sound, 40-8-9

time, 12-21

12-7

and frequency, 12-20-24

Measures, traffic, 39-1

Mechanically programmable

semiconductor

ROM,

definition of, 20-7

Median, 44-3

Medium frequencies, propagation of,

Medium-scale integration, definition

Melting point,

elements, 4-8,4-10

Memory

33-34

of, 20-7

application specific, 20-54

buffer, definition

of,

20-4

computer, 42-12-14

integrated circuits, 20-39-42

main, microprocessor, 20-38

main, two-level, definition of, 20-11

mainframe, definition

of,

20-7

mapped

I/O,

42-32

random-access

(RAM),

20-4142

read-only, nonvolatile, 20-404 1

read-only (ROM), 20-40

Memoryless channel, 25-12

MEMS, 20-49

MEMS, definition of, 20-7

Mendelevium, 4-4-5,4-8-9

Mensuration equations, 47-4-6

ME0

satellites,

27-1

Mercury, 4-6-7.4-8-9

Mercury-vapor rectifier, 16-42

Merged analog and digital

ASICs,

20-55-56

MESFET, definition

of,

20-7

Message processor, 26-2

Message set, digital communications,

24-2

Message switching, 26-2

Messages, digital communications,

24-2

Metal-oxide semiconductor transistor

(MOST), 18-15-16

Metal sheet resistance sensor, 20-74

Metallic cleans, 20-91

Metallic glass, 13-4

Metallization, definition of, 20-7

Metallization isolation, 20-101-102

Metallization, two-level, definition of,

Metals

20-1

characteristic impedances of, 4-33

densities of, 4-33

field emission, 16-7-9

resistivity of. 4-15-16

soft magnetic, properties of, 4-19,

4-24

superconductivity of, 4-1 7

velocities of, 4-33

Meteor-burst propagation, 33-13

Meter, 3-3,3-15,3-16

cubic,

3-3

impedance, automatic, 12-1 1-13

LCR,

automatic, 12-1 1-12

per second, 3-3

per second squared,

3-3

sound level, 40-8

Metropolitan Area Network, 26-32

MFSK

See

Multiple Frequency Shift

Keying

Mica capacitors, 5-25-26

Micro-electro-mechanical systems

Micro-electro-mechanical

systems

Microcomputers,

ICs

for, 20-36-39

Micron, 3-16, 18-4

Microphones

laboratory, 40-8

measurement and calibration, 40-8

Microprocessor(

central processor unit

(CPU),

characteristics, 20-38,20-39

i/o

section, 20-36-37

ICs

for, 20-36-39

memory, main, 20-38

Microstrip lines, 29-25-27

Microstrip patch antenna, 32-17-18

Microwave

Mho, 3-16

(MEMS),

20-49

(MEMS),

definition of, 20-7

20-3 7-38

applications for gas tubes, 16-44-45

devices, semiconductor, 18-24-26

discharges, 20-96-97

frequencies, measurement of, 12-22

landing system, 37-5

-link analysis, 12-26-33

materials, 4-27

power module

(MPM),

16-24,

propagation, profile paper, 33-16

systems

16-32-33

path plotting, 33-15

performance, 12-33

cyclotron resonance, 16-38-39

noise in, 16-19

terminology, 16-23-24

trends, 16-2425

tubes, 16-23-38

Mil, 3-16

Mile

international, 3-16

nautical, 3-16

statute, 3-16

Military equipment

developmental indicators, 49-36-37

group indicators, 39-35

training sets, 49-37

unit indicators, 49-38-39

Military nomenclature system,

Miller integrators, 10-11-12

Millibar, 3-16

Millimeter, of mercury, 3-16

Miniaturization, trends in, 20-4546

Minimal sums, formation of, 43-14-15

Minimax criterion, 24-14

MINIMOS,

definition of, 20-7

Minimum-loss pads, resistance values,

Minimum-shift keying (MSK), 24-8

Minimum sum, of function, 43-12

Minislotted alternating priorities

(MSAP), 26-22

Minority carriers, 18-5

Minterms, 43-5

Minute, 3-16

Mirrors, current, 19-17-19

MIS,

definition of, 20-7

Mismatch error, multiple, Mu,

Mismatch, transmission lines,

Mixed mode method,

stereo, 35-5

MLS,

37-5

Mobile charge, definition of, 20-7

Mobile-originated call, 46-7

Mobile radio

environment, 46-8-17

path loss, 46-8-12

prediction of received signal,

propagation loss, 46-9

summary of, 49-34-39

11-6

definition of, 12-25-26

29-13-14

46-9-12

Mobile-Satellite Service, 27-31

Mobile services, satellite, 27-28-3

Mobile signal

average duration of fades, 46-12

level-crossing rate, 46-12

multipath fading, 46-12-17

selective fading, 46-12,46-17

time delay spread, 46-12,46-17

Mobile subscriber units, 46-7

Mobile Telephone Switching Office

Mobile-unit initialization, 46-7

Mobility, definition of, 20-7

Modal dispersion, optical fiber, 22-22

Mode, 44-3

Modeling,

design, 20-26

Modelocking, 41-6

Models, source, 25-7-8

Modem network theory, 9-2

Modulated waveforms, analytic signal

Modulation

(MTSO),

46-5

representation of, 23-3

requirements, 35-5

Modulation-cont

amplitude, 23-4-5

conventional, 23-4

detection, 23-54

double sideband, 23-4

single sideband, 23-4-5

vestigial sideband, 23-4

angular, 23-6

capability, FM broadcast, 35-10

continuous, 23-3-10

delta, 23-11,23-18-19

digital, 27-23

exponential, 23-6-10

field emission, 16-12

frequency, 23-7

intensity, 22-3

phase, 23-7

pulse, 23-10-11

pulse-amplitude, definition of, 23-10

pulse-code, definition of, 23-1

pulse duration, 17-13

pulse-duration, definition of, 23-1

pulse-frequency

definition of, 23-1

natural sampling, 23-14

uniform sampling, 23-14-15

pulse-length, definition of, 23-1

pulse-phase

definition of, 23-11

natural sampling, 23-15

uniform sampling, 23-15

pulse-position, 22-34

definition of, 23-1

natural sampling, 23-15

uniform sampling, 23-15

pulse-time, 23-13-14

definition of, 23-10

spectra of pulses, 23-13-14

pulse-width, definition of, 23-1

quaternary direct sequence, 24-24

ratio,

FSK,

24-9

techniques, optical communications,

two-tone angle, 23-8

longitudinal, laser, 41-18

polarization, 22-3

power grid tube, 17-12-13

transverse, laser, 41-18

22-3-5

Modulators

Modules, multiple-chip, 20-54-55

Mole, 3-3

MOLNIYA satellites, 27-1

Molybdenum, 4-6-7,4-10-11

Moment of order

44-3

Monochromatic radiation,

photocathode response to,

2 1-22

Monolithic integrated circuit, definition

of,

20-7

Monopole antennas, 32-14

Monostable multivibrator, 19-29-30

Month, 3-16

Morse code, 25-4-6

MOS

per cubic meter, 3-3

capacitor, definition of, 20-7

MOS-cont

complementary, definition of, 20-4

definition of, 20-7

logic families, 20-35-36

MOSFET, 18-15-16

definition of, 20-7

large symbol model, 19-2-3

transistor, symbol, 19-2-3

MOSFETS, 14-29, 14-30, 14-32

MOST

See

Metal-Oxide

Motion, harmonic, equations, 49-22-23

Motorola system, AM stereo, 35-6

Motors

Semiconductor Transistor

ac, drive for adjustable-speed, 14-48

full-load running currents,

NEC,

starting current data,

NEC,

49-15

step, 15-3-4

synchronous-, drive, 1449-50

Moving target radar, 36-14-18

MSK

See

Minimum-Shift Keying

MTBF, definition of, 20-7

MTI

radar, 36-14-18

staggered

PRF,

36-17

of electron tube, 16-20

Multiaccess

dc, 15-2-3

49-15

-broadcast, packet communication

link control, 26-18-23

network, 26-6

centrally controlled demand

assignment, 26-20-21

random access techniques,

26-18-20

protocols, 26-16

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution

Multichannel television sound system

Multifrequency numerical code

two-out-of-six, 2-14,2-16

Service (MMDS), 35-20

(MTS), 35-14

fou-by-fom, 2-14,2-16

Multifrequency signaling, 38-17-1 8

Multilevel oxide, definition of, 20-7

Multipath fading, mobile signal,

Multipath reduction factor, 33-10-1

Multiple-access schemes, satellite

transponders, 27-19-21

Multiple-beam arrays, 32-4144

Multiple-beam reflector, 32-57-58

Multiple-chip modules (MCM),

Multiple-emitter cell, definition of,

Multiple-feedback topologies,

Multiple frequency shift keying

Multiple mismatch error, M,, definition

Multiplexing, telephone systems, 38-13

Multiplication, binary, 42-8-9

Multipliers, voltage, 14-13

46- 12-1 7

20-54-55

20-7

10-25-27

(MFSK),

24-10

Of,

12-25-26