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18: Memorandum for the Record, “Who Fired the First Shot?” Dec. 19, 1968. USNA,
Middle East Crisis files, 1967, Chronology, box 8: Tel Aviv to the Secretary of State,
June 5, 1967; box 17: The President in the Middle East Crisis, Dec. 19, 1968 (“All
HELL broke lose”); box 21: Memorandum for Mr. W.W. Rostow (Davis), June 5,
1967; Arab-Israeli Situation Report, June 5, 1967 (“reduced by a coefficient of ten”).
Quandt, Peace Process, p. 520, ft. 5. Oral history interview with Robert McNamara,
Feb. 11, 2000. Johnson quote from Johnson, Vantage Point, p. 297. Rusk quote from
Rusk, As I Saw It, pp. 386–87.
36. LBJ: National Security file, History of the Middle East Crisis, box 19: Kosygin
to Johnson, June 5, 1967; Rusk to Gromyko, June 5, 1967; Johnson to Kosygin, June 5,
1967. PRO, FO 17/490, Israel – Political Affairs: Washington to Foreign Ministry, June
5, 1967. USNA, Middle East Crisis files, 1967, Situation Reports, box 13: Chronology of
U.S.-USSR Consultations on the Middle East, May 18 – June 10, 1967. PRO, FO 17/
490, Israel – Political Affairs, Washington to Foreign Office, June 5, 1967. Johnson
and McNamara quotes from Johnson, The Vantage Point, p. 287, and Robert S.
McNamara, In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam (New York: Times Books,
1995), pp. 278–79. Quandt, Peace Process, pp. 50–51. Alvin Z. Rubinstein, Red Star on
the Nile, pp. 9–10. Johnson message to Eshkol in Eban, Personal Witness, p. 409.
37. USNA, Middle East Crisis, Chronology June 4th – 7th, box 15: Tel Aviv to
Department of State, June 5, 1967; Memorandum for the Middle East Task Force, May
29, 1967 (Rostow quote). LBJ, National Security file, National Security Council Histo-
ries, Middle East Crisis, 1967, 1, box 17: Saunders to Rostow, May 15, 1967; The Presi-
dent in the Middle East Crisis, Dec. 19, 1968 (Walt Rostow quote); History of the Middle
East Conflict, box 18: Walt Rostow’s Recollections of June 5, 1967 Security Council
Meeting, Nov 17, 1968; Tel Aviv to the Department of State, June 5, 1967; Memos to
the President (W. Rostow), box 17: Rostow to the President, June 5, 1967. PRO, FO 17/
490, Israel – Political Affairs: Rostow to Certain Embassies, June 5, 1967.
38. USNA, Summary of MEDAC, box 13: Rusk to Johnson, June 5, 1967; Middle
East Crisis files, 1967, box 2: Nairobi to the Department of State, June 5, 1967 (see
also cables from Tokyo, Adis Ababa, and Lisbon); Central Foreign Policy files, 1967–
1969, POL 12 SY, box 2511 Beirut to the Department of State, June 5, 1967. LBJ,
National Security file, The Middle East Crisis, box 20: United States Policy and Di-
plomacy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June 10, 1967, pp. 112–18; History of the
Middle East Crisis, box 18: Califano to Johnson, June 5, 1967; White House
Communiqué, June 5, 1967; NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 21: Arab-Israeli
Situation Report, June 6, 1967; box 23: Circular, All American Diplomatic Posts, June
5, 1967; Circular, London to Washington, June 5, 1967. Rikhye, Sinai Blunder, pp. 99–
100. Draper, Israel & World Politics, p. 111.
39. PRO, FO, 7/490, Israel – Political Affairs, New York to Foreign Ministry,
June 5, 1967 (Egyptian complaint to the Security Council). ISA, 4086/4, Foreign Min-
istry files, Security Council Meetings, Eban to Levavi, June 5, 1967. LBJ, National
Security file, NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 23: USUN to the Secretary of
State, June 5, 1967. UN, DAG 1/5.2.2.1.2-2 El Kony to the Secretary-General, June 5,
1967. U Thant, View from the UN, pp. 253–54 (Bunche quote). Lall, The UN and the
Middle East Crisis, pp. 46–50. Rafael, Destination Peace, pp. 154–55. El Kony quote in
Shevchenko, Breaking with Moscow, p. 133. Oral history interview with George Tomeh,
Nov. 17, 1999; with Dr. Muhammad al-Farra, Nov. 16, 1999.
376 Notes to Pages 196–199
40. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle East Crisis, box 17: W.
Rostow to the President, May 26, 1967; Arthur J. Goldberg Oral History, pp. 20–21;
Eugenie Moore Anderson Oral History, p. 34; box 20: United States Policy and Diplo-
macy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June 10, 1967, p. 109. ISA, Foreign Ministry
files, 3979/10, Goldberg: Evron to Bitan. March 2, 1967. Donovan, Six Days in June,
pp. 100–101. For a general biography of Goldberg, see David L. Stebenne, Arthur J.
Goldberg: New Deal Liberal (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
41. LBJ, National Security file, NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 20: The
Cease-Fire Negotiations in New York, Nov. 7, 1968; box 21: State of Play in New
York (Davis), May 26, 1967; Report by Bureau of International Organizations Affairs
(Arthur Day), n.d; Arthur J. Goldberg Oral History, p. 17. PRO, FCO 17/494, Israel –
Political Affairs: Hayman Minute, June 5, 1967. Lall, The UN and the Middle East Cri-
sis, pp. 50–59. Wilson, The Chariot of Israel, pp. 348–50. Federenko quote from Dagan,
Moscow and Jerusalem, pp. 228–29.
42. ISA, 4086/4, Foreign Ministry files, Security Council Meetings: Eban to Rafael,
June 5, 1967.
43. IDF, 522/69/212: General Operations Survey, n.d. Hammel, Six Days in June,
pp. 232–40. Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp. 259–61. Sharon, Warrior, pp. 189, 191.
O’Balance, The Third Arab-Israeli War, pp. 124–26. Egyptian Military Orders in Khouri,
Al-Watha’iq al-Filastiniyya, pp. 314–15. Bahgat quote in Darraz, Dubbat Yunyu
Yatakallamun, pp. 81–82. Murtagi, Al-Fariq Murtagi Yarwi al-Haqa’iq, p. 62.
44. Most of the UNEF casualties were members of the Indian contingent caught
in an Israeli artillery barrage. India protested the action. See Mansoor, Arab World,
entry for June 5. Yahya Sa’ad Basha’s testimony appears in Darraz, Dubbat Yunyu
Yatakallamun, pp. 49–54. Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 50–52. Teveth, The Tanks of Tammuz,
pp. 194–95. Oral history interview with Rafael Eytan, Feb. 24, 1999. IDF, 1977/
71786: The Regular Paratrooper Brigade in the Six Day War, Commander 35th
Brigade (Eytan quote); 717/77, file 86: Battle for the Southern Front, 375 (descrip-
tion of the al-‘Arish battle).
45. LBJ National Security file, box 104, 107. Middle East Crises Joint Embassy
Memorandum, June 5, 1967. Israel Intelligence Library, Internal Jordanian Army Pa-
pers: Sequence of Events on the Jordanian Front, June, 1967. Mustafa, Harb Haziran,
pp. 80–84. Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 War, pp. 125–26. Al-Watha’iq al-Urduniyya,
1967 (Amman: Da’irat al-Matbu‘at wal-Nashr, 1967), pp. 491–92. Hammel, Six Days
in June, pp. 362–66. Kamm, Hussein Poteah be-Milhama, pp. 189–97 (‘Ajluni quote on
pp. 192–93). Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp. 308–9. ‘Alayyan quote in El Edroos, The
Hashemite Arab Army, p. 386. Israeli official history quote in Yosef Eshkol, ed., Milhemet
Sheshet ha-Yamim (Tel Aviv, Misrad ha-Bitahon, 1967), p. 85. YAD, interview with
Ephraim Reiner, June 20, 1996.
46. IDF, Central Command: The Six-Day War, Concluding Report, Part B, pp.
3, 32. Kamm, Hussein Poteah be-Milhama, p. 150. Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp. 295–97.
PRO, FCO 17/493, Israel – Political Affairs: Foreign Office to Amman, June 7, 1967.
Hammel, Six Days in June, p. 361. Rabinovich, The Battle for Jerusalem, pp. 188–93.
‘Awda and Imam, Al-Naksa—Man al-Mas’ul?, pp. 117–31. Marsi testimony appears in
Darraz, Dubbat Yunyu Yatakallamun, pp. 34–48. Bar-Lev quote from Haber, Ha-Yom
Tifrotz Milhama, p. 228. Gur quote from Gur, Har ha-Bayyit be-Yadeinu!, pp. 58–59,
86–89. Oral history interview with Muhammad Fallah al-Fayiz, Nov. 21, 1999.
Notes to Pages 200–206 377
47. Mustafa, Harb Haziran, pp. 57–58, 71–74. Israel Intelligence Library, Internal
Jordanian Army Papers: Sequence of Events on the Jordanian Front, June, 1967. Oral
history interview with ‘Ata ‘Ali, Nov. 18, 1999. Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 War, p.
132. Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp. 292–96. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 300, 309–10.
El Edroos, The Hashemite Arab Army, pp. 379–80.
48. For Eshkol’s reply to Allon and Begin, see Ammunition Hill Archive, Begin to
Motta Gur, June 15, 1992. Zak, Hussein Ose Shalom, p. 110. Hussein, My “War” with
Israel, p. 73. Benziman, Ir lelo Homa, pp. 13–14. Nadav Shragai, Har ha-Meriva: Ha-
Ma’avak al Har ha-Bayyit, Yehudim ve-Muslemim, Dat ve-Politika Meaz 1967 (Jerusa-
lem: Keter, 1995), pp. 18–20. Lior quote in Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz Milhama, p. 228.
49. Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 58–59. Dayan, My Life, pp. 358–59. Dayan quote from
Bartov, Dado, p. 97. All other quotes from Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz Milhama, pp. 228–
31. Benziman, Ir lelo Homa, pp. 14–19. Eban, Personal Witness, p. 412.
50. Al-Watha’iq al-Urduniyya, pp. 46–47. Mansoor, Arab World, entry for June 5, 1967.
51. Fawzi, Harb al-Thalath Sanawat, pp. 143–46, 155–56. Imam, ‘Abd al-Nasir—
Kayfa Hakama Misr, pp. 162–63. Murtagi, Al-Fariq Murtagi Yarwi al-Haqa’iq, p. 67.
Al-Jiyyar, “Ayyam al-Naksa fi Bayt ‘Abd al-Nasir.” El-Sadat, In Search of Identity, p.
172. Heikal, Al-Infijar, pp. 830–33. Riad, The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, p. 26.
U Thant, View from the UN, p. 257. Dupuy, Elusive Victory, p. 267. Hammel, Six Days
in June, p. 244. El-Sadat, In Search of Identity, p. 175. Rubinstein, Red Star on the Nile,
pp. 9–10. Voice of the Arabs quote from BBC, Daily Report, Middle East, Africa, and
Western Europe, B3.
52. PRO, FO 17/490, Israel – Political Affairs: Washington to Foreign Ministry,
June 5, 1967; PREM 13 1622: The Second Arab-Israel War, 1967: The Preliminaries
(Hadow), July 6, 1967. Schiff, A History of the Israeli Army, p. 131. O’Balance, The Third
Arab-Israeli War, p. 75. Ayyub quote from oral history interview with Fayiz Fahed
Jaber, Nov. 21, 1999. Eshkol quote from Prittie, Eshkol, pp. 109–10.
53. USNA, Middle East Crisis, box 18: Tel Aviv to the Department of State, Chro-
nology June 4th – 7th, June 7, 1967. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle
East Crisis, box 18: W. Rostow to the President, June 5, 1967; Tel Aviv to the Secre-
tary of State, June 5, 1967 (“push all the buttons”).
Day Two,
1. IDF, 192/74, file 1348: The Battle for the Southern Front, n.d., p. 3; 717/77, file
32: Summary of the Battle for the Southern Front, p. 29. Dayan, My Life, p. 355. Fawzi,
Harb al-Thalath Sanawat, pp. 146–47. Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp. 254–55, 263–64. Teveth,
The Tanks of Tammuz, pp. 195–200. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 214–17. O’Balance,
The Third Arab-Israeli War, pp. 134–36, 141–42. Shlomo Gazit, Pta’im be-Malkodet, p.
28. Peled, Ish Tzava, p. 107. Shadmi quote from Eran Sorer Derekh ha-Mitla (Ramat
Gan: Masada, 1967), p. 35. Oral history interview with Meir Pa‘il, Dec. 6, 2000.
2. Sorer, Derekh ha-Mitla, pp. 54–58. The testimonies of ‘Adel Mahjub, Hasan
Bahgat, and ‘Azzam Shirahi appear in Darraz, Dubbat Yunyu Yatakallamun, pp. 79–86,
89–94, and 97–103, respectively.
3. IDF, 717/77, file 32: Summary of the Battle for the Southern Front, p. 31. LBJ,
National Security file, Middle East Crisis, box 104, 107: Intelligence Cable, June 6,
378 Notes to Pages 207–213
1967; NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 23: Rabat to the Secretary of State, June
6, 1967; Paris to the Secretary of State, June 8, 1967. PRO, FCO 17/492, Israel –
Political Affairs, Khartoum to Foreign Ministry, June 5, 1967; 17/492, Israel – Politi-
cal Affairs, Tunis to Foreign Ministry, June 5, 1967; 17/495, Israel – Political Affairs:
Hanoi to Foreign Ministry, June 5, 1967 (Ho Chi Minh cable). ISA, Foreign Ministry
files, 4083/3, Contacts with the Soviet Union: Moscow to Foreign Ministry, June 5,
1967 (Soviet statement). Ramadan, Tahtim al-Aliha, pp. 99–100. Mansoor, Arab World,
entries for June 5 and 6, 1967.
4. IDF, 171/77/48: Debriefing on Battles on the Southern Front, p. 135. USNA,
Middle East Crisis files, 1967, Chronology, box 12: Tel Aviv to the Secretary of State,
June 6, 1967. Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 61–63. Rabin, Memoirs, p. 107 (Dayan quote).
O’Balance, The Third Arab-Israeli War, pp. 73–74. Rabinovich, The Battle for Jerusalem,
p. 183. Dayan, My Life, pp. 364–65.
5. Al-Hawadith, interview with Shams Badran, Sept. 2, 1977. Heikal, Al-Infijar, p.
822. El-Sadat, In Search of Identity, p. 176. Fawzi, Harb al-Thalath Sanawat, pp. 151–52.
Mazhar, I‘tirafat Qadat Harb Yunyu, pp. 90–91. Imam, ‘Abd al-Nasir—Kayfa Hakama
Misr, p. 167. Al-‘Ilmi, Harb ‘Am 1967, pp. 146–48. For examples of Cairo’s victory
broadcasts see Mansoor, Arab World, entry for June 6, 1967.
6. Mazhar, I‘tirafat Qadat Harb Yunyu, pp. 152–53 (‘Amer order to Sidqi Mahmud),
221–22 (Murtagi quote). Fawzi, Harb al-Thalath Sanawat, pp. 152–53 (‘Amer remark to
Fawzi). Moshe Seren, “Tvusat Mitzrayim be-Enei ha-Aravim,” Ma‘arakhot 200 (June
1969). Imam, ‘Abd al-Nasir—Kayfa Hakama Misr, p. 164. Al-Sabbagh, Mudhakkirat Qadat
al-‘Askaraiyya al-Misriyya 1, pp. 26–27. Parker, The Politics of Miscalculation in the Middle
East, p. 88. IDF, 717/77, file 32: Summary of the Battle for the Southern Front, p. 33.
‘Amer quote in Ramadan, Tahtim al-Aliha, p. 114. For ‘Uthman Nassar story, see PRO
FCO/39/243 UAR – Political Affairs: Egypt Gazette clipping, Feb. 11, 1968. Muhammad
Ahmad Khamis’ testimony appears in Darraz, Dubbat Yunyu Yatakallamun, pp. 69–75.
7. IDF, 171/77/48: Debriefing on Battles on the Southern Front, p. 121. Dayan,
My Life, p. 366.
8. IDF, 171/77/48: Debriefing on Battles on the Southern Front, p. 41; Summary
of the Battle for the Southern Front, p. 39. Oral history interview with Yeshayahu
Gavish, Dec. 7, 1999; Israel Tal, Aug. 23, 1999. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 248–50.
Dupuy, Elusive Victory, p. 271.
9. Heikal, Al-Infijar, pp. 728–29 (Pojidaev quote). Parker, “The June 1967 War:
Some Mysteries Explored,” pp. 183–85. LBJ, National Security files, NSC Histories,
Middle East Crisis, box 23: Washington to Amman and London, June 10, 1967. Riad,
Mudhakkirat 1, pp. 310–12. Nasser communiqué in USNA, USUN, box 6: Circular:
Middle East Sitrep as of June 7; Middle East Crisis files, box 4: London to the Secre-
tary of State, June 8, 1967. PRO, PREM 13 1621: Amman to Foreign Office, June 14,
1967. See also Arye Shalev, “Ha-Milhama ve-Totzoteha be-Eynei ha-Aravim,” Dapei
Elazar, no. 10, Esrim Shana le-Milhemet Sheshet ha-Yamim (Tel Aviv: Yad David Elazar,
1988), p. 65.
10. LBJ, National Security file, Middle East Crisis, box 23: Cairo to the Depart-
ment of State, June 6, 1967 (Nolte cable); box 104, 107: Cairo to the Department of
State, June 6, 1967 (Nolte-Riad discussion); Intelligence Information Cable, June 6,
1967; Jidda to the Department of State, June 6, 1967; LBJ, National Security file,
NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 23: Amman to the Secretary of State, June 6,
Notes to Pages 213–218 379
1967. Thompson quote from Life: Special Edition – Israel’s Swift Victory (1967), p. 70.
BBC, Daily Report, Middle East, Africa, and Western Europe, B4 –5. Radio Damascus
report in Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, p. 20. Radio Algiers broadcast in Mansoor,
Arab World, entry for June 6, 1967. Murad, “Harb Haziran,” pp. 47–48.
11. USNA, USUN, box 6: Circular: Middle East Sitrep as of June 7. Reports on
attacks on U.S. embassies and consulates appear in LBJ, National Security file, History
of the Middle East Crisis, box 19: Daily Brief, June 6, 1967; Miscellaneous files, box
16: Oil Exporters Actions During Crisis as of June 23, 1967; Country file, box 104,
107: Middle East Crisis (see reports from Benghazi, Aleppo, Tunis, Algiers, Dam-
ascus); The box also contains Nolte’s cable to the State Department. LBJ, National
Security file, NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 23: Damascus to the Secretary of
State, June 6, 1967. PRO, FCO 17/493, Israel – Political Affairs: Damascus to Foreign
Office, June 6, 1967. Mahjoub, Democracy on Trial, pp. 118–19. Riad, Mudhakkirat 2,
pp. 96 (Nasser quote regarding Jordan and Hussein), 313; Riad, The Struggle for Peace
in the Middle East, pp. 26–27.
12. Israel Intelligence Library, Internal Jordanian Army Papers: Sequence of Events
on the Jordanian Front, June, 1967. El Edroos, The Hashemite Arab Army, p. 397.
Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 War, pp. 116–17. Kamm, Hussein Poteah be-Milhama, pp.
215–16, 220–24, 230, 242. Dupuy, Elusive Victory, p. 310. Hammel, Six Days in June,
pp. 366–74. Hussein quote from Hussein, My “War” with Israel, p. 79. Mustafa, Harb
Haziran, pp. 99–103. Bar Kokhva quote from Bar Kokhva, Merkavot ha-Plada, pp. 163–
64. Shmuel Katz and Aharon Megged, Me-Har Grizim ad Har Hermon: Rishumei Pikud
ha-Tzafon be-Milhemet Sheshet ha-Yamim (Tel Aviv: Misrad ha-Bitahon, 1967), pp. 5–
56. Interview with ‘Awad Bashir Khalidi, Nov. 17, 1999.
13. IDF, 192/74/1076 Round Table Discussion on the Liberation of Jerusalem,
n.d. Rabinovich, The Battle for Jerusalem, pp. 235–36. Israel Intelligence Library, Inter-
nal Jordanian Army Papers: Sequence of Events on the Jordanian Front, June, 1967.
14. IDF, 901/67/1 Central Command: The Six-Day War, Concluding Report,
Part B, Testimony of Gen. Narkiss, p. 76; 192/74/1076 Round Table Discussion on
the Liberation of Jerusalem, n.d. Israel Intelligence Library, Internal Jordanian Army
Papers: Sequence of Events on the Jordanian Front, June, 1967. Rabinovich, The Battle
for Jerusalem, pp. 163–64.
15. IDF, 192/74/1076 Round Table Discussion on the Liberation of Jerusalem,
n.d; Central Command: The Six Day War, Summary Report, Part B. Rabinovich, The
Battle for Jerusalem, pp. 228–59. El Edroos, The Hashemite Arab Army, p. 397. Mutawi,
Jordan in the 1967 War, pp. 116–17. Kamm, Hussein Poteah be-Milhama, pp. 215–16,
220–24, 242. Gur, Har ha-Bayyit be-Yadeinu! pp. 93–159. Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp.
298–301. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 332–35. Narkiss, Soldier of Jerusalem, p. 208.
Mustafa, Harb Haziran, pp. 57–58, 71–74. Oral history interview with ‘Awad Bashir
Khalidi, Nov. 17, 1999; with Mahmud Abu Faris, Nov. 17, 1999. Miller quote from
Yisrael Harel, Sha‘ar ha-Arayot, p. 101. Kirshan quotes from Kamm, Hussein Poteah be-
Milhama, pp. 154–68.
16. IDF, 192/74/1076 Round Table Discussion on the Liberation of Jerusalem,
n.d; Central Command: The Six Day War, Summary Report, Part B. Gur, Har ha-
Bayyit be-Yadeinu!, pp. 161–258; Gur and Narkiss quotes on p. 258. ISA, 7920/1, Levi
Eshkol Papers, Diplomatic Telegrams: Herzog to Eban, June 6, 1967. Oral history
interview with Mahmud Abu Faris, Nov. 17, 1999; with Ghazi Isma‘il Ruba‘iyya, Nov.
380 Notes to Pages 218–224
21, 1999; with Shimon Kahaner, Oct. 18, 2000. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 330–31.
Rabinovich, The Battle for Jerusalem, pp. 267–91, 298–300. El Edroos, The Hashemite
Arab Army, p. 397. Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 War, pp. 116–17. Kamm, Hussein Poteah
be-Milhama, pp. 173–75 (Kranshur quote). Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp. 298–301. Fradkin
quote from Harel, Sha‘ar ha-Arayot, p. 214; Eilam quote on pp. 219–20.
17. IDF, 192/74/1076 The Six Day War, Summary Report, Part B. El Edroos,
The Hashemite Arab Army, p. 397. Israel Intelligence Library, Internal Jordanian Army
Papers: Sequence of Events on the Jordanian Front, June, 1967. Hammel, Six Days in
June, pp. 316–20, 335–37. Rabinovich, The Battle for Jerusalem, pp. 267–91, 298–300,
335–42. Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 War, pp. 116–17, 134. Dupuy, Elusive Victory, p.
299. Yusuf Khawwash, Al-Jabha al-Urduniyya, Harb Haziran (Amman: Dar al-Yaqin
lil-Tiba’a wal-Nashr, 1980), n.p.
18. USNA, Middle East Crisis files, 1967, box 1: Chronology of U.S.-Jordanian
Consultations on the Middle East, June 6, 1967; box 12: Tel Aviv to the Secretary of
State, June 6, 1967 (Barbour quote); Amman to the Secretary of State, June 6, 1967
(Hussein quote); box 9: Tel Aviv to the Secretary of State, June 7, 1967. PRO, FO 17/
490, Israel – Political Affairs: Amman to Foreign Ministry, June 6, 1967. LBJ, National
Security file, History of the Middle East Conflict, box 20: United States Policy and
Diplomacy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June 10, 1967, pp. 126–29. ISA, 7920/4,
Levi Eshkol Papers, Prime Minister’s Speeches, Surveys, and Reports: Bitan to Harman,
Evron, Eban: June 6, 1967; 6444/6, Foreign Ministry files, North America Telegrams:
Lourie to Foreign Ministry, June 6, 1967. Riyad quote from Hussein, My “War” With
Israel, p. 81.
19. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle East Crisis, box 21: CIA
Intelligence Memorandum, Arab-Israeli Situation Report June 8, 1967. For example
of the text of the Hussein-Nasser conversation, see Donovan, Six Days in June, pp.
109–10. See also Hussein, My “War” With Israel, pp. 82–87. Mutawi, Jordan in the
1967 War, p. 159. Al-Ahram confirmation in Khouri, Al-Watha’iq al-Filastiniyya, pp.
316–17.
20. Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 War, pp. 128–29, 138–39, 155. Mustafa, Harb
Haziran, pp. 267, 279–80. Al-Shuqayri, Mudhakkirat 5, p. 296. Israel Intelligence Li-
brary, Internal Jordanian Army Papers: Sequence of Events on the Jordanian Front,
June, 1967. Hussein’s cable to Nasser in Hussein, My “War” With Israel, pp. 87–88,
and in Kamm, Hussein Poteah be-Milhama, p. 294. Oral history interview with Munir
Zaki Mustafa, July 5, 2001.
21. IDF, 192/74/1076 Round Table Discussion on the Liberation of Jerusalem,
n.d; Central Command: The Six Day War, Summary Report, Part B. Oral history
interview with Suliman Marzuq, Nov. 17, 1999. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 334–
40. Rabinovich, The Battle for Jerusalem, pp. 357–70. El Edroos, The Hashemite Arab
Army, p. 397. Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 War, p. 134. Kamm, Hussein Poteah be-Milhama,
p. 304. Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp. 298–301. Bartov, Dado, p. 97. Hussein and Riad
quotes from Hussein, My “War” With Israel, pp. 89–91 and 107, respectively.
22. IDF, 192/74/1076 Round Table Discussion on the Liberation of Jerusalem,
n.d. Gur, Har ha-Bayyit be-Yadeinu!, pp. 387–407. Oral history interview with ‘Ata ‘Ali,
Nov. 18, 1999.
23. ISA, 7920/4, Levi Eshkol Papers, Prime Minister’s Speeches, Surveys, and
Reports: Eshkol’s Remarks to the Knesset Defense and Foreign Affairs Committee,
Notes to Pages 224–229 381
June 7, 1967. Bartov, Dado, p. 90. Oral History with Ya‘akov Eshkoli, Feb. 7, 2000.
Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 76, 83. Lior quote from Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz Milhama, p.
241. Dayan quotes from YAD, Interviews with Ephraim Reiner, Haim Nadel and Matti
Mayzel, June 20, 1996. BGA, Diary, Entry for June 6, 1967.
24. PRO, FCO 17/493, Israel – Political Affairs: Damascus to Foreign Office,
June 6, 1967. Mustafa, Harb Haziran, pp. 188–93 (including al-Assad quote). Aktum
quote in Yehezkel Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama (Tel Aviv: Levin-Epstein, 1970),
p. 16. Ha-Merkaz le-Moreshet ha-Modi‘in: Report on Syrian artillery barrage, top
secret, signed by Col. Muhammad Rafiq Qu’ad. Khouri, Al-Watha’iq al-Filastiniyya, p.
342. Heikal, Al-Infijar, pp. 755–56. YAD, Interview with Haim Nadel, June 20, 1996.
Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp. 317–19. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-Golan, p. 203. Ezra
Sadeh, Amud Ha-Esh: Yoman ha-Milhama shel Yirmi (Tel Aviv: Yosef Shimoni, n.d.),
pp. 189–90. Yehuda Harel, El Mul Golan (Givatayim: Masada Press, 1967), pp. 86–98.
Meir Hareuveni and Meir Arye, eds., Ha-Hativa Shelanu be-Milhemet Sheshet ha-Yamim
(Tel Aviv: Misrad ha-Bitahon, 1968), pp. 56–57. Dayan, Me-Hermon ad Suez, pp. 209–
11 (Yossi quote).
25. Israel Intelligence Library, Internal Syrian Army Papers: The Southwestern
Front, June 29, 1967. Khalil, Suqut al-Julan, p. 148. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-Golan,
pp. 140–43. Syrian communiqué in Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, pp. 77–78.
26. Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 60–61, 66. Bartov, Dado, p. 99. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha
al ha-Golan, pp. 188–91, 204–8. Rabin quote from Memoirs, p. 112.
27. IDF, 192/74/1076 Round Table Discussion on the Liberation of Jerusalem,
n.d LBJ National Security file, box 104, 107. Middle East Crisis: Department of State
to Tel Aviv and Amman, June 6, 1967; History of the Middle East Conflict, box 20:
United States Policy and Diplomacy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June 10, 1967,
pp. 126–29. BGA, Diary, Entry for June 6, 1967. Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 61–64 (Dayan
quotes). Narkiss, Soldier of Jerusalem, p. 209. Benziman, Ir lelo Homa, pp. 19–20. Shragai,
Har ha-Meriva, pp. 16–17.
28. ISA, 7920/4, Levi Eshkol Papers, Prime Minister’s Speeches, Surveys, and
Reports: Bitan to Harman, Evron, Eban, Rafael, June 7, 1967; 7920/3, Diplomatic
Telegrams, General: Rome to the Foreign Ministry, June 6, 1967. Haber, Ha-Yom
Tifrotz Milhama, pp. 231–33. Rabin, Memoirs, p. 107. Begin quote from Ammunition
Hill Archive, Begin to Motta Gur, June 15, 1992. BGA, Diary, June 6, 1967. Senior
defense official quoted in USNA, Middle East Crisis files, 1967, Miscellaneous Docu-
ments, box 14: Houghton to Morehouse, June 6, 1967.
29. ISA, 4086/4, Foreign Ministry files, Security Council Meetings 2: Eban to
Levavi, June 6, 1967; Security Council Meetings: Herzog to Eban, June 6, 1967; 7920/
1, Levi Eshkol Papers, Diplomatic Telegrams: Herzog to Eban, June 6, 1967; Tekoah
to Rafael, June 6, 1967.
30. ISA, 7920/1, Levi Eshkol Papers, Diplomatic Telegrams: Rafael to Tekoah,
June 5, 1967. Text of Eban speech appears in PRO, FCO 17/492, Israel – Political
Affairs: New York to Foreign Ministry, June 6, 1967. Eban, Personal Witness, pp. 413–
16. Raviv, Israel at Fifty, pp. 109–10. Rafael, Destination Peace, pp. 158–60 (including
Goldberg quote). Donovan, Six Days in June, p. 133.
31. ISA, 4086/4, Foreign Ministry files, Security Council Meetings 2: Eban to
Eshkol, June 6, 1967; 7919/1, Levi Eshkol files, Diplomatic Telegrams: U.S.A.: Bitan
to Harman, June 6, 1967; 7920/4, Prime Minister’s Speeches, Surveys, and Reports:
382 Notes to Pages 229–235
Eshkol’s Remarks to the Knesset Defense and Foreign Affairs Committee, June 7, 1967.
LBJ National Security files, box 104, 107. Middle East Crisis: Donnelly to Rusk, Aug.
6, 1967 (analysis of White House mail); History of the Middle East Conflict, box 20:
United States Policy and Diplomacy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June 10, 1967,
p. 129; Country file, box 104, 107: Rostow to the President, June 6, 1967 (Eshkol
message); NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 17: The President in the Middle
East Crisis, Dec. 19, 1968 (Rusk quote); box 18: Rostow to the President, June 6, 1967.
Eban, Personal Witness, pp. 417–18. Johnson, Vantage Point, p. 229. Quandt, Peace Pro-
cess, p. 522, ft. 20. BGA, Diary, Entry for June 7, 1967.
32. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle East Crisis, box 18: New
York to the Department of State, June 6, 1967; Country file, box 104, 107: New York
to the Department of State, June 6, 1967; NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 20:
The Cease-Fire Negotiations in New York, Nov. 7, 1968; Memorandum of Conversa-
tion: The Hotline Exchanges, Nov. 4, 1968; box 23: Kuwait to the Secretary of State,
June 6, 1967; Secretary of State to Tel Aviv, June 6, 1967. PRO, FCO 17/492, Israel –
Political Affairs: New York to Foreign Office, June 6, 1967; FCO 17/493, Israel –
Political Affairs: New York to Foreign Office, June 6, 1967. ISA, 7920/1, Levi Eshkol
Papers, Diplomatic Telegrams: Rafael to Levavi, June 6, 1967; 4086/4, Foreign Minis-
try files, Security Council Meetings 2: Eban to Eshkol, June 6, 1967. Vassiliev, Russian
Policy in the Middle East, p. 68. Arthur J. Goldberg Papers, “Behind Goldberg’s UN
Victory,” in New York Post, June 7, 1967. Johnson quote in Donovan, Six Days in June,
p. 130. Semyonov quote from Shevchenko, Breaking with Moscow, pp. 34–35.
33. USNA, Central Foreign Policy files, 1967–1969, POL 77-14 ARAB-ISR, box
1832: Goldberg to Rusk, June 6, 1967. PRO, FCO 17/494, Israel – Political Affairs:
Hayman Minute, June 8, 1967. LBJ, National Security file, Country file, box 104, 107:
Davis to Rostow, June 6, 1967. PRO, FCO 17/492, Israel – Political Affairs: New York
to Foreign Office, June 6, 1967. LBJ, National Security file, NSC Histories, Middle
East Crisis, box 23: Washington to Amman and London, June 10, 1967. Riad, The
Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, p. 27 (Riad quote). Murtagi, Al-Fariq Murtagi
Yarwi al-Haqa’iq, p. 154. Lall, The UN and the Middle East Crisis, pp. 59–62. U Thant,
View from the UN, pp. 258–59. Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 War, p. 158. Muhammad
El-Farra, Years of Decision (London: KPI, 1987) pp. 1–22, 50–57. Oral history inter-
view with Muhammad al-Farra, Nov. 17, 1999.
34. ISA, 7920/4, Levi Eshkol Papers, Prime Minister’s Speeches, Surveys, and
Reports: Bitan to Harman, Evron, Eban, and Rafael, June 6, 1967; 7920/3, Diplomatic
Telegrams, Negotiations: Harman to the Prime Minister, June 6, 1967. IDF, 717/77,
file 32: Summary of the Battle for the Southern Front, p. 29. Rabin quote from Mem-
oirs, p. 113. Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 65–66. Warhaftig, Hamishim Shana ve-Shana, p.
190. Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz Milhama, pp. 240–41 (Eshkol quote).
35. Nasser letter in Hussein, My “War” with Israel, pp. 92–93. Hussein quote in
Kamm, Hussein Poteah be-Milhama, p. 296. Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 War, pp. 129–
30. PRO, FCO/17/275 Defense Attaché’s Report on the Jordan-Israel Battles (Colo-
nel J.F. Weston-Simons), Amman to Foreign Office, June 7, 1967. Israel Intelligence
Library, Internal Jordanian Army Papers: Series of Events on the Jordanian Front,
June, 1967. Oral history interview with Shafic ‘Ujeilat, Nov. 17, 1999.
36. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle East Conflict, box 20: United
States Policy and Diplomacy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June 10, 1967, p. 129.
Notes to Pages 235–239 383
Hussein, My “War” with Israel, p. 95. Kamm, Hussein Poteah be-Milhama, pp. 296, 304.
Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 War, pp. 129, 139–40, 156. Hammel, Six Days in June, p.
375. Israel Intelligence Library, Internal Jordanian Army Papers: Sequence of Events
on the Jordanian Front, June, 1967. Oral history interview with Yusuf Khawwash, Nov.
16, 1999.
Day Three,
1. Hussein cable to Nasser in Hussein, My “War” with Israel, pp. 93–94. Hussein’s
orders in USNA, Middle East Crisis files, 1967, Misc. Documents, box 14: Morehouse
to Houghton, June 7, 1967. El Edroos, The Hashemite Arab Army, pp. 398–99. Dupuy,
Elusive Victory, p. 302. IDF, 901/67/1 Central Command: Six Day War, Concluding
Report, Part A. Oral history interview with ‘Ata ‘Ali, Nov. 18, 1999; with Badi ‘Awad,
Nov. 21, 1999. Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 War, p. 140.
2. USNA, Middle East Crisis files, 1967, box 1: Chronology of U.S.-Jordanian
Consultations on the Middle East, June 7, 1967. Cable from Cairo in Hussein, My
“War” with Israel, pp. 94–95. Kamm, Hussein Poteah be-Milhama, pp. 243–46 (al-Darubi
quote). Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 366–74. Benziman, Ir lelo Homa, pp. 22–25, 29.
Bartov, Dado, p. 98. Oral history interview with Adnan Abu Oudeh, Nov. 16, 1999.
3. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle East Conflict, box 20: United
States Policy and Diplomacy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June 10, 1967, pp. 129
(Barbour quote), 132–33. USNA, Middle East Crisis files, 1967, box 1: Chronology of
U.S.-Jordanian Consultations on the Middle East, June 7, 1967. ISA, 4086/4, Foreign
Ministry files, Security Council Meetings 2. Director-General’s Office to Levavi and
the Defense Ministry. Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz Milhama, p. 238. Zak, Hussein Ose Sha-
lom, pp. 110–15.
4. IDF, 192/74/1076 Rav Siah ba-Nose: Shihrur Yerushalayim: n.d Baron 67. 901/
67/1 Central Command: Six Day War, Concluding Report, Part A (Bar-lev and Narkiss
quotes). Gur, Har ha-Bayyit be-Yadeinu!, pp. 284, 309; Gur quote on p. 287. Dupuy,
Elusive Victory, pp. 303–4. Hammer, Six Days in June, p. 350. Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz
Milhama, p. 233. Rabinovich, The Battle for Jerusalem, pp. 410–19; Gur quote on p. 419.
Benziman, Ir lelo Homa, pp. 20–21. Shragai, Har ha-Meriva, p. 21. Baron, Hotam Ishi, p.
67 (Dayan quote). Oral history interview with Mahmud Abu Faris, Nov. 17, 1999.
5. Kollek, For Jerusalem, p. 194. Biographical information on Kollek, Herzog and
Goren from the Jewish Agency Zionist Education website, www.jajz-ed.org.il.
6. USNA, Middle East Crisis files, 1967, box 1: Chronology of U.S.-Jordanian
Consultations on the Middle East, June 7, 1967. PRO, PREM 13 1620, Middle East
Crisis: Foreign Office to Amman, June 7, 1967; Amman to Foreign Office, June 7,
1967; FCO 17/493, Israel – Political Affairs: Foreign Office to Amman, June 7, 1967;
Tel Aviv to Foreign Office, June 7, 1967. ISA, 7920/1, Levi Eshkol Papers, Diplomatic
Telegrams: Eban to Eshkol, June 7, 1967; 7920/4, Prime Minister’s Speeches, Surveys,
and Reports: Eshkol’s Remarks to the Knesset Defense and Foreign Affairs Commit-
tee, June 7, 1967; Remez to Levavi, June 7, 1967.
7. IDF, 901/67/1: Central Command: Six Day War, Concluding Report, Part A;
192/74/1076: Roundtable Discussion on the Liberation of Jerusalem, n.d. (Achman
quote). Gur, Har ha-Bayyit be-Yadeinu!, pp. 316–24. Benziman, Ir lelo Homa, p. 29.
O’Balance, The Third Arab-Israeli War, pp. 208–11. Harel, Sha‘ar ha-Arayot, pp. 160–
62. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 335–36 (Goren quote).
384 Notes to Pages 239–246
8. Uzi Narkiss, “Kakh Uhda Yerushalayim,” Bamahane 34 (May 1987); Soldier of
Jerusalem, p. 209 (Narkiss quote). Dayan quote from Mansoor, Arab World, entry for
June 7, 1967. Rabin quotes from Rabin, Memoirs, pp. 111–12, and Slater, Rabin of
Israel, p. 142. Donovan, Six Days in June, p. 120. Nadav Shragai, Har ha-Meriva, pp.
23–24, 28–30.
9. Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz Milhama, pp. 242–45. Eban, Personal Witness, p. 419.
Warhaftig, Hamishim Shana ve-Shana, pp. 204–6.
10. USNA, Middle East Crisis, Chronology June 4th – 7th, box 1: Amman to the
Department of State, June 6, 1967; Miscellaneous Documents, box 14: Morehouse to
Houghton, June 7, 1967 (officer’s description of Hussein). Israel Intelligence Library,
Internal Jordanian Army Papers: Sequence of Events on the Jordanian Front, June,
1967. Dayan, My Life, p. 370. Susser, On Both Banks of the Jordan, p. 17. Narkiss, Soldier
of Jerusalem, p. 209. Al-Shara‘, Hurubuna ma‘a Isra’il, p. 494. Kamm, Hussein Poteah be-
Milhama, p. 296.
11. IDF, 717/77, file 32: Summary of the Battle for the Southern Front, pp. 57–
62. USNA, Lot files, USUN, box 6: Circular: Middle East Sitrep as of June 7. LBJ,
National Security file, History of the Middle East Crisis, box 21: CIA Intelligence
Memorandum, Arab-Israeli Situation Report, June 8, 1967; box 104, 107: Cincstrike
and Eucom for Polad, June 8, 1967. Fawzi, Harb al-Thalath Sanawat, pp. 151–56. Rabin,
Memoirs, pp. 107–8. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 251–53. Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 67,
71. Slater, Rabin of Israel, p. 150. Schiff, A History of the Israeli Army, p. 133. Al-Sabbagh,
Mudhakkirat Qadat al-‘Askaraiyya al-Misriyya 1, pp. 28–29. Al-Sabbagh, Mudhakkirat
Qadat al-‘Askaraiyya al-Misriyya 10, pp. 9–10 (Khalil quote). Mahmud ‘Abd al-Hafiz’s
testimony appears in Darraz, Dubbat Yunyu Yatakallamun, pp. 135–46. Interview with
Sidqi al-Ghul in al-Ra’i al-‘Am, June 2, 1987. Oral history interview with Meir Pa‘il,
Dec. 6, 2000.
12. ISA, Foreign Ministry files, 4085/1: Emergency Situation 1967 – Prisoners,
June 14, 1967. USNA, Middle East Crisis files, 1967, Chronology, box 8: Tel Aviv to
the Secretary of State, June 8, 1967. Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp. 271–75. Fawzi, Harb
al-Thalath Sanawat, pp. 151–56. Al-Sabbagh, Mudhakkirat Qadat al-‘Askaraiyya al-
Misriyya 5, p. 28. Rabin, Memoirs, pp. 107–8. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 251–53.
Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 67, 71. Slater, Rabin of Israel, p. 150. Schiff, A History of the Israeli
Army, p. 133. Sharon, Warrior, pp. 194–95. O’Balance, The Third Arab-Israeli War, pp.
144–45. Mahmud ‘Abd al-Hafiz’s testimony appears in Darraz, Dubbat Yunyu
Yatakallamun, pp. 135–46. Asher quote from Avraham Shapira, ed., The Seventh Day:
Soldiers Talk About the Six-Day War (New York: Scribners, 1970), p. 66. Oral history
interview with Mahmud al-Suwarqa, July 7, 2001.
13. The testimonies of ‘Azzam Shirahi and Dr. ‘Abd al-Fattah al-Tarki appear in
Darraz, Dubbat Yunyu Yatakallamun, pp. 89–94 and 107–18, respectively. Oral history
interview with Amin Tantawi, July 4, 2001.
14. Mazhar, I‘tirafat Qadat Harb Yunyu, p. 177. Fawzi, Harb al-Thalath Sanawat, pp.
151–53. Murtagi, Al-Fariq Murtagi Yarwi al-Haqa’iq, p. 163. Quote from Ramadan, Tahtim
al-Aliha, p. 105. Oral history interview with Al-Shirbini Sa‘id Hamada, July 5, 2001.
15. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle East Crisis, box 19: CIA,
Office of National Estimate—Current Soviet Attitudes, June 9, 1967; State Depart-
ment Activities Report, June 7, 1967; Country file, box 104, 107: Davis to Rostow,
June 6, 1967; New York to the Department of State, June 8, 1967; Soviet Official’s
Notes to Pages 246–251 385