Oren Michael B. Six Days of War. June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East
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Comments on Soviet Policy on the Middle Eastern War, June 8, 1967. Heikal, Al-
Infijar, pp. 728–31. Parker, The Politics of Miscalculation in the Middle East, pp. 33–34.
Segev, Sadin Adom, p. 132. Pravda quote from ISA, Foreign Ministry files, 4083/3,
Contacts with the Soviet Union, Moscow to Foreign Ministry, June 6, 1967. Dagan,
Moscow and Jerusalem, pp. 226–27 (Chuvakhin quote and Kosygin’s letter to Eshkol).
Al-‘Ilmi, Harb ‘Am 1967, pp. 203–7. I. I. Mintz, Sionizm: Teoria i Praktika (Moscow:
Izdetelstvo Politicheskoy Literatury, 1970), pp. 111–12. See also Yosef Argaman, “Nasser
Metzaltzel le-Hussein: Ha-Siha,” Bamahane 18 (January 1989).
16. ISA, 7920/2, Levi Eshkol Papers, Diplomatic Telegrams, USSR: Tekoah to
New York, June 7, 1967 (Kosygin cable to Eshkol). PRO, FCO 17/493, Israel – Politi-
cal Affairs: Kosygin to Wilson, June 7, 1967. Eshkol in Dagan, Moscow and Jerusalem,
pp. 229–30. Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz Milhama, pp. 243–44. Wilson, Chariot of Israel, pp.
351–52.
17. Mazhar, I‘tirafat Qadat Harb Yunyu, pp. 188–90. Fawzi, Harb al-Thalath Sanawat,
pp. 155–61. Murtagi, Al-Fariq Murtagi Yarwi al-Haqa’iq, pp. 164–65. Ramadan, Tahtim
al-Aliha, pp. 136–37 (including orders to the 4th Division).
18. UN, DAG 1/5.2.2.1.2-2, The Middle East, Eban to the Secretary-General,
June 7, 1967. Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 73–74 (Dayan quote). Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz
Milhama, pp. 237–40, 244 (Lior, Allon, Eshkol and Tekoah quotes). Zak, Hussein Ose
Shalom, pp. 110–15. PRO, FCO 17/494, Israel – Political Affairs: Hayman Minute,
June 8, 1967.
19. LBJ, National Security file, Country file, box 104, 107: Minutes of the NSC
Meeting, June 7, 1967; Rostow to the President, June 7, 1967; History of the Middle
East Crisis, box 19: Bundy to the President, June 9, 1967; Guidelines for U.S. Position
and Action in Connections with the Present ME Situation, by Nadav Safran and Stanley
Hoffman, June 8, 1967. USNA, POL AR-ISR, Mintues of the Control Group, box 17:
Twelfth Control Group Meeting, June 7, 1967.
20. LBJ National Security file, Country file, Middle East Crisis, box 104, 107: Tel
Aviv to the Department of State, June 7, 1967 (Barbour quote); USNA, Middle East
Crisis, Chronology June 4th – 7th, box 8: Tel Aviv to the Department of State, June 7,
1967 (report from Tel Aviv); USUN, box 6: Circular: Middle East Sitrep as of June 7.
USNA, POL ARAB-ISR, United Nations files, box 1: Tel Aviv to the Secretary of
State, June 8, 1967. ISA, Foreign Ministry files, 4089/15: Rome to Foreign Ministry,
June 7, 1967. PRO, FO 17/11, American Middle East Policy, Urwick to Morris, June
7, 1967 (Bank of Israel plans). See also Reuven Pedatzur, “Coming Back Full Circle:
The Palestinian Option of 1967,” Middle East Journal 49, no. 2 (Spring 1995).
21. USNA, Arab-Israeli Crisis, box 17: Minutes of the Control Group, June 7,
1967. LBJ, National Security file, Country file, box 104, 107: Rusk to London, June 7,
1967 (“territorial integrity”); Minutes of the NSC Meeting, June 7, 1967 (“attorneys
for Israel”); Memorandum for Mr. Bundy, June 7, 1967; CIA Intelligence Memoran-
dum: Impact on Western Europe and Japan of a Denial of Arab oil, June 7, 1967; Mrs.
Arthur Krim to Walt Rostow, June 7, 1967. Draper, Israel & World Politics, p. 117.
William B. Quandt, “The Conflict in American Foreign Policy,” in Rabinovich and
Shaked, From June to October, p. 5.
22. Oral history interview with Rafi Benvenisti, Jan. 1, 1999. Susser, On Both
Banks of the Jordan, pp. 19–20. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 377–80. Donovan, Six
Days in June, p. 121. Kamm, Hussein Poteah be-Milhama, p. 217. Dupuy, Elusive Victory,
386 Notes to Pages 251–256
pp. 301–2. Shashar, Milhemet ha-Yom ha-Shvi‘i, p. 20. Ram quote from Bartov, Dado,
p. 98. Dayan, My Life, p. 370. Al-Shara‘, Hurubuna ma‘a Isra’il, pp. 493–95.
23. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 254–59. Sorer, Derekh ha-Mitla, pp. 37–38.
Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp. 273–75. The Six Days’ War (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense,
1967), p. 36. Al-‘Ilmi, Harb ‘Am 1967, pp. 176–85.
Day Four,
1. USNA, Middle East Crisis files, 1967, box 1: Chronology of U.S.-Jordanian
Consultations on the Middle East, June 8, 1967. PRO, PREM 13 1620 Middle East
Crisis: Amman to Foreign Office, June 10, 1967. UN, DAG 1/5.2.2.1.2-2, Middle
East: Minister of Foreign Affairs of Jordan to the Secretary-General, June 8, 1967.
Hussein, My “War” with Israel, p. 88. Khalid Fakhida, “Al-Fariq Haditha lil-Hadath:
Sharakna fi Harb ’67 Irda’an li-‘Abd al-Nasir wa-Man‘an min ‘Takhwin’ al-Urdun,”
al-Hadath, no. 265 (Jan. 29, 2001).
2. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 258–59. Mustafa, Harb Haziran, pp. 118–19. “Hail
ha-Avir ba-Milhama,” Bit’on Hail ha-Avir 3, no. 74/75 (December 1967), p. 265. IDF,
901/67/1 Central Command: The Six-Day War, Concluding Report, Part A, 3 (Narkiss
quote), p. 38 (evaluation of Jordanian soldiers). Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 War, p. 140.
3. IDF, 717/77, file 32: Summary of the Battle for the Southern Front, pp. 31
(Dayan quote), 63, 399 (Even quote). LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle
East Crisis, box 21: CIA Intelligence Memoranda, Arab-Israeli Situation Report, June
8, 1967; box 104, 107. Middle East Crisis: Joint Embassy Memorandum, June 8, 1967
(Yariv quote). ‘Amer, Murtagi and Muhsin quotes from Al-Sabbagh, Mudhakkirat Qadat
al-‘Askaraiyya al-Misriyya 1, pp. 30–31. Rabin quote in Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz Milhama,
p. 245. Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp. 264, 276–77. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 268–69.
Dayan, “Before and After the Battle,” in The Six Days’ War (Tel Aviv: Ministry of
Defense, 1967), p. 36. Riad, The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, p. 32. Fawzi, Harb
al-Thalath Sanawat, p. 148. Aviezer Golan, Albert (Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronot, 1977), p.
118. Sorer, Derekh ha-Mitla, pp. 37–39, 93–101.
4. Dayan, My Life, p. 367. Slater, Rabin of Israel, p. 150. Schiff, A History of the
Israeli Army, p. 133. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 264–78. Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp.
274–75. Oral history interviews with Yeshayahu Gavish, Dec. 7, 1999; with Meir Pa‘il,
Dec. 6, 2000; with Rehavam Ze’evi, Sept. 9, 2001.
5. LBJ National Security file, Middle East Crisis, box 104, 107: Tel Aviv to the
Department of State, June 8, 1967; box 20: United States Policy and Diplomacy in the
Middle East Crisis, May 15–June 10, 1967, pp. 140–41; box 23: Tel Aviv to the Secre-
tary of State, June 8, 1967; Beirut to the Secretary of State, June 8, 1967; NSC Histo-
ries, Middle East Crisis, box 23: Tel Aviv to the Secretary of State, June 8, 1967. USNA,
Middle East Crisis files, 1967, Situation Reports, box 14: Middle East Sitrep as of June
7. Al-Shuqayri, Mudhakkirat 5, p. 330. Hart, Arafat, pp. 199–200. Kimche and Bawly,
The Sandstorm, pp. 200–201. Mustafa, Harb Haziran, pp. 193–94. Khouri, Al-Watha’iq
al-Filastiniyya, p. 354. Khalil, Suqut al-Julan, pp. 100–101. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al
ha-Golan, p. 438. Syrian army record in Israel Intelligence Library: Internal Syrian
Army Papers: The Southwestern Front, June 29, 1967.
6. Baron, Hotam Ishi, p. 83. Eshkoli and Eshkol quotes from Eretz ha-Golan, no. 100
(1985), pp. 32–33. Warhaftig, Hamishim Shana ve-Shana, pp. 186–89. Haber, Ha-Yom
Notes to Pages 256–261 387
Tifrotz Milhama, pp. 244–46 (Aran quote). Gilboa, Shesh Shanim, Shisha Yamim, p. 232.
Ha’aretz quote from USNA, POL ARAB-ISR, United Nations files, box 1: Tel Aviv to
the Secretary of State, June 8, 1967. Bar-Lev quote from Guy, Bar-Lev, p. 139. Dayan
quote from YAD, Interview with Matti Mayzel, June 20, 1996.
7. Rabin, Memoirs, p. 113. Elazar quotes from YAD, Interview with Haim Nadel,
June 20, 1996, from Bartov, Dado, pp. 99–101, Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-Golan, pp.
225–27. Golan, Albert, pp. 124–25. Allon and Ber quotes from Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz
Milhama, p. 247. Oral history interview with Rehavam Ze’evi, Sept. 9, 2001.
8. LBJ National Security file, Middle East Crisis, box 104, 107: Joint Embassy
Memorandum, June 8, 1967; Report of the American Consulate in Jerusalem, June 8,
1967 (“an apparent prelude…”); The Secretary of State to Tel Aviv, June 8, 1967.
Eban, Personal Witness, p. 424. IDF, 901/67/1 Central Command: The Six-Day War,
Concluding Report, Part A, pp. 9–10. Eban, Personal Witness, p. 423 (Bundy quote).
9. LBJ National Security file, Middle East Crisis, box 19: NSC Special Commit-
tee Meeting (handwritten notes). June 8, 1967; box 104, 107: Rusk to Embassies, June,
1967; Tripoli to the Department of State, June 8, 1967; box 20: United States Policy
and Diplomacy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June 10, 1967, pp. 132–33, 140–41.
USNA, Middle East Crisis files, 1967, Situation Reports, box 13: The Secretary of
State to King Faisal, June 8, 1967. UN, DAG 1/5.2.2.1.2-2, Middle East: Goldberg to
U Thant, June 9, 1967.
10. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle East Crisis, box 19: JCS to
USCINCEUR, June 8, 1967; box 104, 107, The National Military Command Center:
Attack on the USS Liberty, June 9, 1967; Department of Defense: USS Liberty Inci-
dent, June 15, 1967. USNA, Chairman Wheeler files, box 27: The Court of Inquiry
Findings, June 22, 1967.
11. IDF, 2104/92/47: Attack on the Liberty, IDF Historical Department, Research
and Instruction Branch, June 1982 (hereafter IDF, Attack on the Liberty). The Israeli
fighter pilot originally thought that the ship had fired at him, and Israeli destroyers
were ordered to find it. The orders were rescinded, however, following further de-
briefing of the pilot. See also ISA, 4079/26 Foreign Ministry files, the Liberty Incident;
IDF Preliminary Inquiry file 1/67 Col. Y. Yerushalmi, July 24, 1967. Report by Carl F.
Salans, Department of State Legal Advisor, September 21, 1967, to the Undersecretary
of State. (Document available on the USS Liberty site—www.halcyon.com/jim/
ussLiberty/Liberty.htm)
12. USNA, Middle East Crisis files, 1967, USUN, box 6: CINSTRIKE to AIG,
June 2, 1967; Cir/Military files, box 6: CINSTRIKE to AIG 930, May 24, 1967; INR
Reseach Reports: ALUSNA to COMSIXTHFLEET: June 8, 1967. LBJ, National
Security file, History of the Middle East Crisis, box 20: United States Policy and Di-
plomacy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June 10, 1967, pp. 87–88. On the naval
liaison, see LBJ, National Security file, NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 17: Tel
Aviv to the Secretary of State, May 27, 1967. Ben-Gurion Archive, Diary, Entry for
May 26, 1967. See also A. Jay Cristol, The Liberty Incident, unpublished doctoral disser-
tation, University of Miami, 1997, pp. 25–26. British Public Record Office, FCO17/
498, Israel—Political Affairs: Tel Aviv to Foreign Office, June 5, 1967. Shlomo Erell,
Lefanekha ha-Yam: Sipuro shel Yamai, Mefaked u-Lohem (Tel Aviv: Misrad ha-Bitahon,
1998), pp. 268–75. Rabin, Memoirs, pp. 100, 110; Hirsh Goodman and Ze’ev Schiff,
“The Attack on the Liberty,” The Atlantic Monthly, September 1984, p. 81.
388 Notes to Pages 261–264
13. ISA, 4079/26 Foreign Ministry files, the Liberty Incident; IDF Preliminary
Inquiry file 1/67 Col. Y. Yerushalmi, July 24, 1967. IDF, 717/77, file 32: Summary of
the Battle for the Southern Front, p. 34. The Liberty was also sailing near ‘Point Boaz,’
the location at which Israeli aircraft entered and exited Sinai—another reason for the
heavy air traffic that morning. See IDF, Attack on the Liberty, p. 39, n. 14.
14. ISA, 4079/26 Foreign Ministry files, the Liberty Incident; IDF Preliminary In-
quiry file 1/67 Col. Y. Yerushalmi, July 24, 1967. See also Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, pp.
108–9. Oral history interview with Mordechai Hod, March 9, 1999. Yanay, No Margin
for Error, p. 257. On issue of whether the Israelis consulted Commander Castle, see the
protocol of the official U.S. Naval Board of Inquiry posted on the USS Liberty website.
15. The Israeli pilot mistook the “G” on the Liberty’s hull for a “C.” IDF, Attack
on the Liberty; Israeli Air Force Historical Branch, Transcript of the Ground-To-Air
Communications, the Liberty Incident. ISA, 4079/26 Foreign Ministry files, the Lib-
erty Incident; IDF Preliminary Inquiry file 1/67 Col. Y. Yerushalmi, 24 July, 1967.
USNA, Chairman Wheeler files, box 27: The Court of Inquiry Findings, June 22,
1967. Rabin quote from Memoirs, pp. 109, 127. LBJ, Country files, box 104, 107, The
National Military Command Center: Attack on the USS Liberty, June 9, 1967; NSC
Histories, box 18: CINCEURUR to RUDLKD/CINSUSNAVEUR, June 8, 1967;
COMSIXTHFLT to RUFPBK/USCINCEUR, June 8, 1967; USDOA Tel Aviv to
RUDLKD/CINCUSNAVEUR, June 15, 1967. See also Cristol, Liberty Incident, p.
55. James M. Ennes, Jr., Assault on the Liberty: The True Story of the Israeli Attack on an
American Intelligence Ship (New York: Random House, 1979), pp. 72–117. Prostinak
quote provided by Marvin Nowicki in a personal letter to Jay Cristol, dated March 3,
2000; conveyed to the author on May 31, 2001.
16. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle East Crisis, box 19: Memo-
randum for the Record, Washington-Moscow “Hot-line” Exchange, Oct. 22, 1968;
box 20: United States Policy and Diplomacy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June
10, 1967, pp. 143–44. Johnson, Vantage Point, p. 301.
17. LBJ, National Security files, History of the Middle East Crisis, box 20: United
States Policy and Diplomacy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June 10, 1967, pp. 143–
44; boxes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10: Memorandum for the Record (E. Rostow), June 9, 1967
(Operation Frontlet); Department of Defense Press Release, June 8, 1967; box 19: JCS
to USCINCEUR, June 8, 1967. USNA, Middle East Crisis files, 1967, Chronology, box
7: Tel Aviv to the Secretary of State, June 8, 1967 (Barbour quote). Compensation pack-
age described in U.S. Department of State Bulletin 58, no. 1512, June 17, 1968, and 60,
no. 1562, June 2, 1969, and U.S. Department of State Daily News Briefing, DPC 2451,
December 18, 1980. See also Phil G. Goulding, Confirm or Deny—Informing the People on
National Security (New York: Harper and Row, 1970), pp. 123–30.
18. USNA, box 16: Diplomatic Activity in Connection with the USS Liberty Inci-
dent, June 14, 1967. LBJ, Country files, box 104, 107, Middle East Crisis: Eshkol to
Johnson; Memos to the President (W. Rostow), June 8, 1967; box 17: Barbour to De-
partment of State, June 8, 1967; box 19: NSC Special Committee Meeting (handwrit-
ten notes), June 9, 1967. ISA, 4079/26 Foreign Ministry files, the Liberty Incident:
Harman to Foreign Ministry, June 10, 1967; Eban to Johnson, June 9, 1967; Evron to
Johnson, June 8, 1967. Barbour and Nolte quotes in LBJ, National Security file, box 20:
United States Policy and Diplomacy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June 10, 1967,
pp. 143–44; box 104, 107, Middle East Crisis: Cairo to the Department of State, June 9,
Notes to Pages 264–269 389
1967. Clark Clifford with Richard Holbrooke, Counsel to the President (New York: Ran-
dom House, 1991), pp. 446–47.
19. ISA, 4079/26 the Liberty Incident: Bitan to Harman, June 18, 1967; IDF Pre-
liminary Inquiry file 1/67 Col. Y. Yerushalmi, July 24, 1967. LBJ, National Security file,
Country files, box 104, 107: Middle East Crisis: Diplomatic Activity in Connection with
the USS Liberty Incident, June 14, 1967. Erell, Lefanekha ha-Yam, pp. 275–77.
20. USNA, Chairman Wheeler files, box 27: The Court of Inquiry Findings, June
22, 1967. LBJ, National Security file, Special Committee, box 1–10: Why the USS
Liberty Was Where It Was, June 10, 1967; W. Rostow to the President, June 13, 1967
(Evron quote); NSA Declassified Report: Attack on the U.S.S. Liberty, July 11, 1983.
Cristol, Liberty Incident, pp. 86–105. Rusk, As I Saw It, p. 388. The complete protocol
of the U.S. Naval Inquiry can be found on the USS Liberty website.
21. Conspiracy theories on the Liberty affair can be found in Ennes, Assault on the
Liberty, pp. 254–59. Anthony Pearson, Conspiracy of Silence: The Attack on the U.S.S.
Liberty (London: Quartet Books, 1978). Donald Neff, Warriors for Jerusalem: The Six
Days That Changed the Middle East (Brattleboro, Vt.: Amana Books, 1988), p. 253. John
Loftus and Mark Aarons, The Secret War Against the Jews: How Western Espionage Be-
trayed the Jewish People (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997), p. 267. Richard Deacon,
The Israeli Secret Service (London: Sphere Books, 1979), pp. 192–97. For the Arab in-
terpretation of the affair, see Riad, Mudhakkirat 1, p. 312. Heikal, Al-Infijar, pp. 731–
32. Mazhar, I‘tirafat Qadat Harb Yunyu, pp. 86–88. El-Farra, Years of No Decision, pp.
58–68. Fawzi, Harb al-Thalath Sanawat, pp. 135–36. Salah al-Din Al-Ashram, “Al-
Tawatu’ al-Anklo-Amriki ma‘a Isra’il,” Al-Majalla al-‘Askariyya 6, no. 18 (1967). I. P.
Beliaev and E.M. Primakov, Egipet: vremia prezidenta Nasera (Moscow: Mysl’, 1974), p.
50. L. Sheidin, “Imperialisticheskii zagovor na Blizhnem Vostoke,” Kommunist, no. 11
(July 1967), pp. 107–17.
22. LBJ, National Security file, Country file, box 104, 107: Davis to Rostow, June
8, 1967; NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 21: Report by Bureau of International
Organizations Affairs (Arthur Day), n.d. (Goldberg quote); USUN to the Secretary of
State, June 8, 1967; CIA to the White House Situation Room, June 8, 1967 (“We have
no other choice”); NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 20: Memorandum of Con-
versation: The Hotline Exchanges, Nov. 4, 1968. USNA, Central Foreign Policy files,
1967–1969, POL 77-14 ARAB-ISR, box 1832: Goldberg to Rusk, June 8, 1967. PRO,
FCO 17/494, Israel – Political Affairs: Hayman Minute, June 8, 1967. ISA, 7920/1,
Levi Eshkol Papers, Diplomatic Telegrams: Eban to Eshkol, June 8, 1967; 7919/1,
Diplomatic Telegrams: U.S.A.: Eban to Eshkol, June 8, 1967 (Goldberg advice to Eban).
Lall, The UN and the Middle East Crisis, pp. 66–67. Rafael, Destination Peace, pp. 160–
61. Federenko and Rafael quotes from Dagan, Moscow and Jerusalem, p. 232.
23. Mahmud al-Jiyyar, “Rajulan Qatala al-Mushir ‘Amer,” in Ruz al-Yusuf 2482
(January 5, 1976), pp. 8–9. El-Sadat, In Search of Identity, pp. 176–77. Riad, The Struggle
for Peace in the Middle East, pp. 28–30. Cairo Radio broadcasts in IDF, Historical Branch,
192/74/1349: Cease-Fire Orders in the Egyptian, Jordanian, and Syrian Sectors, p. 26.
Nasser quote from Ramadan, Tahtim al-Aliha, p. 171. Salah Nasser quote in LBJ, Na-
tional Security file, Middle East Crisis, box 104, 107: Cairo to the Department of
State, June 8, 1967.
24. USNA, Central Foreign Policy files, 1967–1969, POL 27-7 ARAB-ISR, box
1830: Department of the Army to the Department of State, June 16, 1967. Muhammad
390 Notes to Pages 269–274
Ahmad Khamis’s testimony appears in Darraz, Dubbat Yunyu Yatakallamun, pp. 69–75;
Yahya Sa‘ad Basha’s testimony appears on pp. 49–54. Oral history interview with Fu’ad
Hijazi, July 5, 1967. Al-Sabbagh, Mudhakkirat Qadat al-‘Askaraiyya al-Misriyya 10, p. 11
(Khalil quote). Ramadan, Tahtim al-Aliha, pp. 110–11. Interview with Sidqi al-Ghul in
al-Ra’i al-‘Am, June 2, 1987. David Pryce-Jones, The Closed Circle: An Interpretation of the
Arabs (London: Paladin, 1990), p. 8. Nolte quote in LBJ, National Security file, NSC
Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 23: Cairo to the Secretary of State, June 8, 1967.
25. LBJ, National Security file, NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 23: UNUS
to the Secretary of State, June 8, 1967. Mahmud Al-Jiyyar, “Rajulan Qatala al-Mushir
‘Amer,” p. 9. Riad, The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, p. 30. Lall, The UN and the
Middle East Crisis, pp. 67–72. El Kony quote from oral history interview with Muhammad
al-Farra, Nov. 17, 1999; El Kony statement to the Security Council in IDF, Historical
Branch, 192/74/1349: Cease-Fire Orders in the Egyptian, Jordanian, and Syrian Sec-
tors, p. 26. Supreme Headquarters communiqué in BBC, Daily Report, Middle East,
Africa, and Western Europe, B1.
26. LBJ, National Security file, NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 23: Tel Aviv
to the Secretary of State, June 8, 1967 (Chuvakhin quote). Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 83–85.
Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, pp. 25–26. Gilboa, Shesh Shanim, Shisha Yamim, p.
235. Bartov, Dado, p. 101. Dayan, My Life, pp. 364–67. Rabin, Memoirs, p. 113. Hammel,
Six Days in June, p. 278. Dupuy, Elusive Victory, p. 277. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-
Golan, pp. 258 (Eshkol “bulldog” quote), 264–65. Dayan quotes from Baron, Hotam Ishi,
pp. 85–86, and Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, pp. 30–31. Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz
Milhama, pp. 244 (Chuvakhin quote), 248–50. Protocol of the Ministerial Defense
Committee appears in Warhaftig, Hamishim Shana ve-Shana, pp. 189–91.
27. Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 86–87. Bartov, Dado, p. 101. Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei
ha-Rama, pp. 27, 54, 98.
Day Five,
1. Dayan, My Life, p. 382. Rabin, Memoirs, p. 116. Warhaftig, Hamishim Shana ve-
Shana, p. 200. Bartov, Dado, pp. 101–2. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-Golan-Yuni, pp.
230–32. YAD, interview with Ephraim Reiner, June 20, 1996. Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp.
76–77, 80 (Dayan quote).
2. Bartov, Dado, p. 103. Nasser cable and Dayan’s notes on it, in Baron, Hotam
Ishi, pp. 87–88 and in Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz Milhama, pp. 252–53. Halahmi and Yariv
quotes from Amos Gilboa, “Milhemet Sheshet Ha-Yamim 30 Shana,” Ma‘ariv, June 6,
1997. Oral history interview with Miriam Eshkol, Aug. 30, 1999. Radio Damascus
quote in Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, p. 33. Rabin quote from Memoirs, pp.
115–16.
3. Dayan-Elazar dialogue in Bartov, Dado, p. 103 and in Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp.
90–91. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-Golan, pp. 232–33, 255–57, 272–74. Oral history
interview with Miriam Eshkol, Aug. 30, 1999. Lior and Eskhol quotes in Haber, Ha-
Yom Tifrotz Milhama, pp. 250–51. ISA, 4086/6, Foreign Ministry files, Security Coun-
cil Meetings: Rafael to Tekoah, June 9, 1967. Rabin quote from Memoirs, pp. 115–16.
4. IDF Intelligence Library, Internal Syrian Army Papers: The Southwestern Front,
June 29, 1967. Mustafa, Harb Haziran, pp. 248–50. Khalil, Suqut al-Julan, pp. 189–90.
Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-Golan, pp. 145–46. O’Balance, The Third Arab-Israeli War,
Notes to Pages 274–281 391
pp. 232–33. Or Kashti, “Mesima Bilti Efsharit,” Bamachane 37 (May 1992). Hame’iri,
Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, pp. 20–25; Suweidani quote on p. 100.
5. IDF 522/69, file 212: Special Operations Survey, p. 9. PRO, FCO17/576: Israel
– Defense: Report of Defense Attaché, July 13, 1967. Aharon Meged, “Sh‘ot ha-Tofet
shel Tel Fakhr,” Bamahane 31–32 (April 1967). Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-Golan, pp.
295–306; Horowitz quotes on pp. 391–94. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 413–14.
Dupuy, Elusive Victory, pp. 322–23. O’Balance, The Third Arab-Israeli War, pp. 438–
41. Dayan, Me-Hermon ad Suez, pp. 21–29. Yosef Eshkol, ed., Milhemet Sheshet ha-
Yamim (Tel Aviv: Misrad ha-Bitahon, 1967), p. 104. Hareuveni and Arye, eds., Ha-Hativa
Shelanu be-Milhemet Sheshet ha-Yamim, pp. 60–65. Harel, El Mul Golan, pp. 117–20.
Ya‘akov Horesh, 47 Madregot (Tel Aviv: Yaron Golan, 1993), p. 16. Mendler quotes in
Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, pp. 18, 21. Golan, Albert, pp. 121–29. Oral history
interview with Elad Peled, Jan. 28, 2001.
6. IDF Intelligence Library, Internal Syrian Army Papers: The Southwestern Front,
June 29, 1967 (including Khalili quote). Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-Golan, pp. 283–
86, 307–19. Eshkol, Milhemet Sheshet ha-Yamim, p. 106. Harel, El Mul Golan, pp. 121–
26. Mustafa, Harb Haziran, pp. 208–20. Hani al-Shum‘a, Ma‘arik Khalida fi Ta’rikh
al-Jaysh al-‘Arabi al-Suri (Damascus: Al-Tiba‘a al-Suriyya, 1988), pp. 63–74. Hammel,
Six Days in June, pp. 399, 406–13. O’Balance, The Third Arab-Israeli War, pp. 240–42.
Shmuel Katz and Aharon Megged, Me-Har Grizim ad Har Hermon: Rishumei Pikud ha-
Tzafon be-Milhemet Sheshet ha-Yamim (Tel Aviv: Misrad ha-Bitahon, 1967), pp. 56–58.
Khalil, Suqut al-Julan, pp. 197–204. M. Naor and Z. Aner, eds., Yemei Yuni-Teurim
min ha-Milhama 1967 (Tel Aviv: Ma‘arakhot, 1967), pp. 240–41. Dangor quote from
Hareuveni and Arye, Ha-Hativa Shelanu be-Milhemet Sheshet ha-Yamim, pp. 67–68.
Dayan, Me-Hermon ad Suez, pp. 228–29 (Ben Basat quote), 240 (Ben Harush quote).
Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, pp. 116–19, 125–28, 133 (Mendler quote), 138–40
(Takum and Haliq quotes), 143 (Hamawi quote).
7. Mansoor, Arab World, entry for June 9, 1967. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-
Golan, p. 147. Rabin, Memoirs, p. 117. Assad quote from Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-
Rama, p. 181.
8. USNA, Central Foreign Policy files, 1967–1969, POL 27-7 ARAB-ISR, box
1830: Cairo to the Department of State, Aug. 12, 1967. PRO, FCO 39/241, UAR –
Political Affairs: Cairo to Foreign Office, July 25, 1967. LBJ, National Security file,
Memos to the President (W. Rostow), box 17: W. Rostow to the President, June 17,
1967; Cairo to the Secretary of State, June 8, 1967. Dayan, My Life, p. 365. Schiff, A
History of the Israeli Army, p. 113. Lufti Al-Khuli, Harb Yunyu 1967 ba‘da 30 Sana (Cairo:
Markaz Al-Ahram, 1997), pp. 109–11. Ramadan, Tahtim al-Aliha, pp. 144–45. Fawzi,
Harb al-Thalath Sanawat, p. 193. Riad, Mudhakkirat Mahmud Riad, p. 83. Al-‘Ilmi,
Harb ‘Am 1967, p. 161. El-Sadat, In Search of Identity, p. 184. Mahjoub, Democracy on
Trial, pp. 115–16 (Nasser quote), pp. 120–21. Oral history interview with Eric Rou-
leau, Dec. 18, 2000. On the Soviet resupply of Egypt, see Valerii Yeryomenko, “Imenno
Sovyetski Soyuz spas arabskuyu koalitziyu vo vremya Shestidnevnoi voiny,” Nezavisimoe
Veonnoe Obozrenie, no. 20 (1998).
9. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle East Crisis, box 21: CIA
Intelligence Memorandm, Arab-Israeli Situation Report, June 9, 1967. PRO FCO/39/
263 UAR – Relations with the USSR: Effects of the Arab-Israeli War on the UAR
Economy, Dec. 1, 1967. Shamir, “Nasser and Sadat, 1967–1973,” in Rabinovich and
392 Notes to Pages 281–287
Shaked, eds., From June to October, p. 203. Riad, The Struggle for Peace in the Middle
East, p. 40. Farid, Nasser, p. 76. Al-Sabbagh, ed., Mudhakkirat Qadat al-‘Askaraiyya al-
Misriyya 12, pp. 56–57 (Nasser conversation with Madkur Abu al-‘Izz). Vatikiotis, Nasser
and His Generation, p. 315. Heikal, Al-Infijar, pp. 822, 840–46; Nasser remarks to ‘Amer
on pp. 835 and 840–41.
10. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle East Crisis, box 21: CIA
Intelligence Memorandum, Arab-Israeli Situation Report, June 9, 1967; box 23: Amman
to the Secretary of State, June 10, 1967. USNA, USUN, box 6: Circular: Middle East
Sitrep as of June 9; USNA, Central Policy files, 1967–1969, POL 7 UAR, box 2554:
Athens to the Department of State, June 16, 1967. Riad, The Struggle for Peace in the
Middle East, p. 31. El-Sadat, In Search of Identity, p. 179. Stephens, Nasser, p. 506. Hussein
quote from Kamm, Hussein Poteah be-Milhama, pp. 299–300. Nasser’s communiqué in
Mansoor, Arab World, entry for June 9, 1967. FCO 39/233 UAR Internal Political Situ-
ation: Cairo to the Foreign Office, June 19, 1967 (Tesh). BGA, Diary, Entry for June 9,
1967. Thompson quote from Life: Special Edition – Israel’s Swift Victory (1967), p. 71. Oral
history interview with Eric Rouleau, Dec. 18, 2000. Cairo Radio announcement in Daily
Report, Middle East, Africa, and Western Europe, B1. Nasser speech from Watha’iq
‘Abd al-Nasir 1 (Cairo: Markaz al-Ahram, 1973), p. 226, and Dan Hofstadter, ed., Egypt
and Nasser 3, 1967–72 (New York: Facts on File, 1973), pp. 40–42.
11. LBJ, National Security file, NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 21: Chronol-
ogy of the Soviet Delay on the Security Council Meetings (J. Baker), June 26, 1967
(Federenko quote); Memorandum for Mr. W.W. Rostow (Davis), June 9, 1967; Tel Aviv
to the Secretary of State, June 8, 1967 (Barbour quote). ISA, 4086/6, Foreign Ministry files,
Security Council Meetings: Rafael to Tekoah, June 9, 1967. PRO FO17/ 495: Israel –
Political Affairs: Tel Aviv to Foreign Office, June 9, 1967. UN, DAG 1/5.2.2.1.2-2, Middle
East: Rafael to the Secretary-General, June 9, 1967; Tomeh to the Secretary-General, June
9, 1967. Rafael, Destination Peace, p. 163 (Rafael quote to Nesterenko). Lall, The UN and the
Middle East Crisis, pp. 77–78 (Rafael quote in the Security Council). Mansoor, Arab World,
entry for June 9, 1967 (Tomeh and Rafael quotes).
12. USNA, POL ARAB-ISR, Tel Aviv file, box 6: Tel Aviv to the Secretary of
State, June 10, 1967. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle East Conflict,
box 20: United States Policy and Diplomacy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June
10, 1967, pp. 145–46 (Rusk cable), pp. 148–52; box 19: NSC Special Committee Meet-
ing (handwritten notes), June 9, 1967; NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 23:
Secretary of State to Tel Aviv, June 9, 1967 (Rusk quote); box 17: The President in the
Middle East Crisis, Dec. 19, 1968. ISA, 7919/1, Levi Eshkol files, Diplomatic Tele-
grams: U.S.A.: Harman to Eshkol, June 9, 1967.
13. Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 94–95. Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz Milhama, pp. 253–56.
BGA, Diary, Entries for June 9 and 11, 1967. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-Golan, pp.
317–18. All quotes from Warhaftig, Hamishim Shana ve-Shana, pp. 196–99.
14. Bartov, Dado, pp. 104–5. Baron, Hotam Ishi, p. 96. Hareuveni and Arye, Ha-
Hativa Shelanu be-Milhemet Sheshet ha-Yamim, p. 60. Naor and Aner, Yemei Yuni, p.
239. Elazar quote from Rabin, Memoirs, pp. 116–17, and from Arye Yitzhaki, “Ha-
Ma‘arakha le-Kibush ha-Golan be-Milhemet Sheshet ha-Yamim,” Ariel, no. 50–51
(1987). IDF Intelligence Library, Internal Syrian Army Papers: The Southwestern Front,
June 29, 1967. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-Golan, pp. 147, 293. Hammel, Six Days in
June, p. 423. Eshkol and Dayan quotes from Haber, Ha-Yom Tifrotz Milhama, pp. 255–
56. Assad quote from Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, p. 123.
Notes to Pages 287–293 393
Day Six,
1. Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, pp. 168–70, 179 (Rabin-Elazar conversa-
tion), 180 (Elazar order to his officers). Bartov, Dado, p. 105. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al
ha-Golan, pp. 331–32; Finkelstein quote on pp. 407–8. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp.
417–18.
2. Dayan, Me-Hermon ad Suez, pp. 254–57. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-Golan, p.
286. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp. 417–18. Rabin, Memoirs, pp. 117–18. Mendler quote
from Gilboa, Shesh Shanim, Shisha Yamim, p. 242. Eshkol, ed., Milhemet Sheshet ha-Yamim,
p. 108. Radio Damascus quote from Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, p. 214.
3. USNA Central Foreign Policy files, 1967–1969, POL 12 SY, box 2511: Goldberg
to Rusk, June 10, 1967. Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, p. 190. Mustafa, Harb
Haziran, pp. 229–32.
4. LBJ, National Security file, NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 21: Chro-
nology of the Soviet Delay on the Security Council Meetings (J. Baker), June 26, 1967;
Report by Bureau of International Organizations Affairs (Arthur Day), n.d. ISA, 4086/
6, Foreign Ministry files, Security Council Meetings: Rafael to Eban, June 10, 1967;
Rafael to Tekoah, June 10, 1967. UN, DAG 13/3.4.0: 83 Chief of Staff, UNTSO to
Chairman, ISMAC, June 10, 1967; Mission and Commissions: Chron-9/06 to 24/06,
June 10, 1967. Rafael, Destination Peace, pp. 163–64. Bull, War and Peace in the Middle
East, p. 120. Dagan, Moscow and Jerusalem, p. 232. Lall, The UN and the Middle East
Crisis, pp. 77–94 (includes Federenko quote).
5. LBJ, National Security file, Middle East Crisis: Soviet Official’s Comments on
Soviet Policy on the Middle Eastern War, June 8, 1967; box 19: State Department
Activities Report, June 9, 1967. N.S. Khrushchev, Vospominaniya 3: Vremia. Lyudi. Vlast’,
pp. 461–62. Schevchenko, Breaking with Moscow, p. 135.
6. LBJ National Security file, Middle East Crisis: Soviet Role in the Middle East
Crisis, June 14, 1967; box 23: USUN to the Secretary of State, June 8, 1967. USNA,
POL ARAB-IS, Chronology, box 8: Ankara to the Secretary of State, June 8, 1967; box
9: Moscow to the Secretary of State, June 6, 1967. ISA, 4048/27, Foreign Ministry
files, Diplomatic Relations with the Soviet Union: Bonn to Foreign Ministry, June 8,
1967; 4079/11, Foreign Ministry files, Contacts with the United States with the Entry
of Egyptian Forces into Tiran: Foreign Ministry to Embassies, June 8, 1967. PRO,
FO17/496: Israel – Political Affairs: NATO Intelligence Assessment, June 10, 1967;
PREM 13 1622: The Soviet Role in the Middle East Crisis, July 20, 1967 (“bad six
weeks”). Dagan, Moscow and Jerusalem, pp. 234–35. I. L. Blishchenko and V. D.
Kudriavtsev, Agressia Izrailia 1 Mezhdunarodnoie Pravo (Moscow: Mezhdunorodnyie
Otnosheniya, 1970) p. 11. Vassiliev, Russian Policy in the Middle East, p. 70 (Soviet
official quote). Rumors of Soviet intervention in Isabella Ginor, “The Russians Were
Coming: The Soviet Military Threat in the 1967 Six-Day War,” Middle East Review of
International Affairs 4, no. 4 (Dec. 2000). A. Khaldeev, “Nesostoiavshiisia desant,” Vesti
(Israel), Sept. 14, 2000.
7. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle East Crisis, box 19: Memo-
randum for the Record, Washington-Moscow “Hot-line” Exchange, Oct. 22, 1968;
Kosygin to Johnson, June 10, 1967 (10:00
A.M.); Johnson to Kosygin (10:58 A.M.); Move-
ments of Sixth Fleet, June 10, 1967; NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 20: Memo-
randum of Conversation: The Hotline Exchanges, Nov. 4, 1968 (Thompson quote).
394 Notes to Pages 295–298
Sedov quote in USNA, Middle East Crisis, Miscellaneous Reports, box 15: Garthoff to
Kohler, June 10, 1967. PRO, PREM 13 1620, Middle East Crisis: Moscow to the
Foreign Office, Text of Communiqué from the Representatives of Ten Socialist Coun-
tries, June 10, 1967. Dobrynin, In Confidence, p. 160. Vassiliev, Russian Policy in the
Middle East, p. 69. Quandt, Peace Process, p. 52. P. Demchenko, Arabskii Vostok v chas
ispytanii (Moscow: Politicheskaia Literarura, 1967), pp. 118–19. LBJ, Richard Helms
Oral History; Llewellyn Thompson Oral History. Oral history interview with Robert
McNamara, Feb. 11, 2000.
8. LBJ, National Security file, History of the Middle East Conflict, United States
Policy and Diplomacy in the Middle East Crisis, May 15–June 10, 1967, pp. 147–49;
NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 23: Tel Aviv to the Secretary of State, June 10,
1967; Washington to Tel Aviv, June 10, 1967 (Eban and Barbour quotes). USNA,
Central Foreign Policy files, 1967–1969, POL 77-14 ARAB-ISR, box 1832: Depart-
ment of State to Tel Aviv, June 10, 1967. ISA, 4078, Foreign Ministry files, Contacts
with the United States with the Entry of Egyptian Forces into Tiran: Rafael to Eban,
June 10, 1967; 7919/1, Levi Eshkol files, Diplomatic Telegrams: U.S.A.: Harman to
Eban, June 10, 1967; Evron to Eban, June 10, 1967. Rabin, Memoirs, pp. 116–17. Parker,
The Six Day War, p. 233. Baron, Hotam Ishi, p. 97. Goldberg quote in Rafael, Destina-
tion Peace, pp. 164–65. I. I. Mintz., Sionizm: Teoria I Praktika (Moscow: Izdetelstvo
Politicheskoy Literatury, 1970), pp. 111–12.
9. ISA, 4083/3, Foreign Ministry files, Contacts with the Soviet Union: Katz to
Foreign Ministry, June 10, 1967; 7920/2, Levi Eshkol Papers, Diplomatic Telegrams,
USSR: Katz to the Prime Minister, June 10, 1967. LBJ, National Security file, NSC
Histories, Middle East Crisis, box 23: Washinton to Tel Aviv, June 9, 1967. Mintz,
Sionizm, p. 113. Dagan, Moscow and Jerusalem, p. 232. Parker, The Six Day War, p. 230.
Mintz, Sionizm, p. 113. Chuvakhin quote from Eban, Personal Witness, pp. 425–26. See
also Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century, pp. 101–2.
10. Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, pp. 187–88 (text of meeting with Eshkol,
Dayan, and Elazar), 204–5. Bartov, Dado, p. 106. Warhaftig, Hamishim Shana ve-Shana,
pp. 191–92, 200. Baron, Hotam Ishi, pp. 97–98. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-Golan, pp.
332–33, 342–43. Rabin, Memoirs, pp. 117–18. Amos Gilboa, “Milhemet Sheshet Ha-
Yamim 30 Shana,” Ma‘ariv, June 6, 1997. Ze’evi quote from Shashar, Sihot im Rehavam–
Gandhi–Ze’evi, p. 166.
11. USNA, Central Foreign Policy files, 1967–1969, POL Arab-Jordan, box 1844:
Amman to the Department of State, June 10, 1967. PRO FCO17/576: Israel – Report
of Defense Attaché, July 13, 1967. Rabin, Memoirs, p. 118. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al
ha-Golan, pp. 81, 335, 338–39. Ezra Sadeh, Amud Ha-Esh: Yoman ha-Milhama shel Yirmi
(Tel Aviv: Yosef Shimoni, n.d.), pp. 203–4. Oral history interviews with Ibrahim Isma‘il
Khahya and Muhammad ‘Amer, Jan. 10, 2001; with Marwan Hamdan al-Khuli, Jan.
11, 2000. Suweidani quote from Hame’iri, Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, p. 212. Mustafa
Tlas, Mir’at Hayati (Damascus: Tlasdar, 1995), p. 857. Darwish and Hassan quotes
from Saqr Abu Fakhr, “Al-Julan: Shahadat Nazihin ‘an Ayyam al-Harb wal-Hadir,”
Majallat al-Dirasat al-Filastiniyya 42 (Spring 2000) pp. 135–39.
12. Eshkol, Milhemet Sheshet ha-Yamim, pp. 108–9. Hammel, Six Days in June, pp.
419–20. Harel, El Mul Golan, p. 130. PREM 13 1620, Middle East Crisis: New York to
Foreign Office, June 10, 1967. Mayzel, Ha-Ma‘arakha al ha-Golan, pp. 418–20. Hame’iri,
Mi-Shnei Evrei ha-Rama, pp. 165–67. Allon quote from YAD, Remarks by Ephraim
Reiner June 20, 1996.
Notes to Pages 298–302 395