Парахина А.В., Шляхова В.А. Английский язык для дистанционного обучения. Книга 3

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Dialogue 1

Прослушайте диалог, а затем разыграйте попеременно ту или иную роль.

Anna: Hi, Alex. I haven't seen you for ages! Where did you rest in summer?

Alex: Glad to see you Ann. I've been to America!

Anna: Really? Such a good chance! (Какой прекрасный случай, возмож-

ность!)

Alex: Sure. I was sent with a delegation just on the eve (íàêàíóíå) of their

Independence Day.

Anna: Sorry, and what date is considered as Independence Day in America?

Alex: They celebrate it on the 4-th of July.

Anna: How do they celebrate the day?

Alex: Oh! Fireworks, sporting events in honor of the day take place in most

cities of America.

Anna: And what city have you visited?

Alex: I have visited New-York, Washington and Houston. I have some pho-

tos with me.

Anna: Can you show them to me and can you tell me about America in de-

tail?

Alex: Why not! Come to my place on Saturday. Some of our classmates

asked me to tell them about America.

Anna: Thanks a lot. I'll c ome.

Alex: See you later.

Anna: Bye.

Dialogue 2

Прослушайте диалог и расскажите на английском языке, что Вы поняли.

Teacher: What do you know about the United states of America?

Student: I know that it is the country of roads and cars.

Teacher: Do you know when the USA was founded?

Student: Yes, I do. I know that the USA was founded on July 4, 1776.

Teacher: You are quite right. But how many states were there?

Student: There were 13 states then. Now there are 50 states. That is why (вот

почему) the American flag has 13 strips (полос) and 50 stars (звезд).

Teacher: That is very interesting. Do you know any holidays that Americans

celebrate?

Student: Sure. They celebrate their Independence Day on the 4-th of July, then

they celebrate Memorial Day - May 27-th, and May 12-th is Mother's

Day, and of course Christmas.

Teacher: Oh, you know quite a lot about America. How did you know about it?

Student: I've read it in newspapers and some facts I know because I was in

Americ a las t summer. I'm interested in history of Americ a.

Teacher: That’s good. Next time I'll ask you to tell us about Mother's Day.

XIV. Ответьте на вопросы.

1) What do you say on the New Year's Day?

2) What do you wish your friends and relatives on Christmas?

3) How do you congratulate on one's birthday?

(Many happy returns of the day. Merry Christmas! A happy New Year!

XY. Прочтите о праздниках в США. Скажите (на русском языке), ка-

кие праздничные дни отмечают американцы.

1. January 1. It is New Year's Day. People say to each other: Happy New

Year!

2. Memorial Day is a U.S. legal holiday to honour those who died defend-

ing their country. It is a day to remember and memorialize all those

who died defending their country.

3. Independence Day - the 4 of July.

4. Thanksgiving Day (День благодарения) is celebrated on the fourth

Thursday of November.

5. Christmas is a great religious holiday. It is celebrated on December 25.

It is a custom to stay at home and spend time with one's family.

6. On the second Sunday of May Mother's Day is celebrated. You can

forget anniversaries and birthday but to forget Mother's Day is nearly

unforgivable.

Flowers and cards are standard gifts. Think of something special you

can do for your mother - clean the house, prepare breakfast, and the

most important thing to remember is to tell your mother "I love you".

Словарь урока

(Vocabulary)

to found - основывать

to establish - учреждать

tax - налог

heavy - тяжелый

to declare - декларировать, провозглашать

declaration - декларация

indepe nde nce - независимость

indepe nde nt - независимый

in favour of - в пользу

to interrupt - прерывать

to celebrate - праздновать

to sign the resolution - подписывать резолюцию

to approve - одобрять

firework - фейерверк, салют

to prohibit - запрещать

to allow - разрешать

to regard themselves - считать себя

subject - субъект

to order - приказывать

to grow - расти

to increase - увеличивать(ся)

to decrease - уменьшать(ся)

valley - долина

de s e rt - пустыня

prairie s - прерии

natural resources - естественные ресурсы

wheel - колесо

holiday - праздник

to adopt - принимать (законы)

anniversary - годовщина

event - событие

in honour of - в честь (кого-либо)

to be afraid of -

Вопросы для самоконтроля

Именительный падеж с инфинитивом

(Complex Subject)

1. Каким предложением переводится эта конструкция на русский

язык?

2. Дайте формулу этой конструкции.

3. Какой союз вводит придаточное предложение?

4. Каким оборотом переводится на русский язык сказуемое англий-

ского предложения?

5. Каким членом предложения является инфинитив конструкции

Complex Subject при переводе английского предложения на русский

язык?

Test

Укажите номера предложений, содержащих оборот "именитель-

ный падеж с инфинитивом".

1. This river is said to be very long. 2. He said that the lived in Omsk. 3. 1

know English well. 4. 1 knew his sister's friend. 5. She is known to be a

good swimmer. 6. 1 like to read English books. 7. These tests are said to be

very easy. 8. This method of teaching is expected to give a good result. 9.

She is asked at the lesson.

Ke y

1.5.7.8.

Контрольная работа

(Control Work)

Переведите текст с помощью словаря.

Вариант А.

I. Прочтите следующее пояснение к тексту:

1. mother country -зд. Great Britain

II. Прочтите текст, постарайтесь понять его общее содержание,

ответьте на вопросы:

1. Why is July 4 celebrated by Americans as a national holiday?

2. Who was the new country's first president?

The War of Independence or the American

Bourgeois Revolution (1775-1783)

The rapid development of the British colonies in America in the 18th century

gave rise to the so-called "American problem". The French and Indian War was

over in 1763. The American colonies helped England in this war. The northern

country of Canada now belonged to England and the French were driven out of

the fertile western river valleys. George III King of England, wanted to draw the

American colonies closer to the mother country

. New laws were passed and

the colonists had to pay new high taxes to support England. These post-war de-

cisions stimulated an evergrowing movement of protest which exploded into the

War of Independence.

In 1774 thirteen colonies sent their delegates to a Continental Congress in

Philadelphia. On July 4, 1776 the delegates signed the document known as the

Declaration of Independence, and declared the establishment of the United

States of America. Since then July 4 is celebrated by the Americans as a na-

tional holiday - Independence Day.

The Continental Congress authorized an American army appointing George

Washington its commander. But Britain didn't agree with the Declaration until

1783, when the American colonists won in the War of Independence. So after

the years of bitter fighting the United States at last were recognized as a new in-

dependent country. George Washington had led the army in its successful fight.

He was elected the new country's first president.

Вариант В.

Прочитайте текст, постарайтесь понять его общее содержание,

скажите, что явилось причиной Гражданской войны между Севером и

рабовладельческим Югом.

The Civil War (1861-1865)

The American Revolution opened a new stage in the transformation from

feudalism to capitalism, but it failed to abolish slavery. The struggle of the

American colonies for political and economic freedom from Great Britain acti-

vated the anti-slavery movement.

Slavery as a source of cheap labour was instituted in America as early as the

1660s. Many poor people came to America to escape political oppression and

economic exploitation. They had to work on a master's land for some years as

payment for their transportation from Europe. But it was impossible to enslave

the entire working population and therefore the enslavement of black Africans

became a source of cheap labour available. Negroes brought by force from their

African homeland to America were turned to slaves. Almost all of them were in

the South where southern planters made them plant and pick the great cotton

crops. Cruelty was an integral part of the slave system. Slave revolts were fre-

quent. Slavery became a shame to the American nation. Many people in the

North opposed slavery and took part in anti-slavery actions. The problem was

not solved even in Congress. The southern states left the Union and the Civil

War between the North and the South broke out.

The Civil War greatly affected the course of American history. President Lin-

coln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which committed the nation to

stamp out slavery in the southern states. The American slavery was crushed, the

nation was unified. But the fight for Negro rights has not been yet ended.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) She is expected to come to-morrow.

2) Radio is known to have been invented in Russia.

3) The expedition is believed to have reached the river.

4) He is s aid to be writing a new story (novel).

5) He proved to be a good specialist.

6) He is s ure to come in time.

7) The house is likely to have been built many centuries ago.

8) Th e boy happened to be at home.

Lesson Three (3)

The Third (3rd) Lesson

Grammar:

§3 Сложное дополнение

(Complex Object).

Text. Washington - the capital of the USA.

New York.

Dialogues. 1, 2, 3,

Словарь урока (Vocabulary).

Вопросы для самоконтроля.

Тест.

Контрольная работа.

Grammar

§3. Complex Object

Сложное дополнение

Структура предложения и перевод

подлежащее сказуемое

сложное

дополнение

обстоя-

тельство

Существительное в общем падеже или

местоимение в объектном падеже

Infinitive

123

She knows him + to live in Moscow.

Она знает, что он живет в Москве.

They expected the conference + to take

place

in May.

Они ожидали, что конференция состоится в мае.

We know Moscow + to be founded in 1147.

Мы знаем, что Москва была основана в 1147 г.

Запомните: Complex Object (with the Infinitive) переводится на

русский язык придаточным дополнительным пред-

ложением, вводимым союзами “что”, “чтобы”, ”как”.

Подлежащее этого предложения соответствует суще-

ствительном

в общем падеже (или местоимению в

объектном падеже), а сказуемое - инфинитиву.

Обратите

внимание:

Форма инфинитива влияет на его перевод на

русский язык.

We know him to work for a big company.

Мы знаем, что он работает на большую компанию.

We know him to be working now in the lab.

Мы знаем, что он работает сейчас в лаборатории.

We know him to have worked for an oil company.

Мы знаем, что он работал на нефтяную компанию.

We know him to have been working for about 2 years.

Мы знаем, что он работает в течение 2 лет.

We know the thermometer to be used in medicine.

Мы знаем, что термометр используется в медицине.

We know this device to have been used in old times.

Мы знаем, что это устройство использовалось в древние времена.