Schultz D. Encyclopedia of the United States Constitution

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ﱶﱷﱸ

865

Index

Abington Township v.

Schempp 1–2, 241–243,

273–274, 276, 648, 796,

852c

abortion 2–5, 853c–855c

Alito, Samuel 19

Bray v. Alexandria

Women’s Health Clinic

81–82

Breyer, Stephen G.

84–85

commercial speech 151

Douglas, William O.

206

executive orders 248

Harris v. McRae 345

Hodgson v. Minnesota

355

Kennedy, Anthony M.

410

Madsen v. Women’s

Health Center, Inc.

449–450

parental notiﬁ ca-

tion and abortion

536–538

public forum 585

rational basis test 593

Roberts Court 627

Roe v. Wade. See Roe v.

Wade

Rust v. Sullivan. See

Rust v. Sullivan

Scalia, Antonin Gregory

642–643

Scheidler v. National

Organization for

Women, Inc. 644

Souter, David H. 687

abstention doctrine 5–6

accommodation 1, 6–8,

178, 298, 343, 650, 817

ACLU. See American Civil

Liberties Union

ADA. See Americans with

Disabilities Act

Adams, John 8–9, 847c

checks and balances

112

Declaration of

Independence 187

Jay, John 391

Marbury v. Madison

452

Marshall, John 453, 454

Marshall Court 456

slavery and the

Constitution 682

Twelfth Amendment

745

vice president 777

Adarand Constructors,

Inc. v. Peña 9–10, 14,

127, 240, 466, 467

Adderley et al. v. Florida

10–11

ADEA. See Age

Discrimination

Employment Act

Adkins v. Children’s

Hospital 11–13, 489,

803, 849

c, 85

dverse impact. See dispa-

rate impact

afﬁ rmative action 13,

13–14, 853c, 855c

Adarand Constructors,

Inc. v. Peña 9

Bork, Robert H. 72

Burger, Warren E. 93

City of Richmond v. J.

A. Croson Company

126, 127

compelling governmen-

tal interest 155

education and the

Constitution 217

equal protection 239–

240

executive orders 248

Fourteenth Amendment

293

Fullilove v. Klutznick

306

Gratz v. Bollinger

325–326

Grutter v. Bollinger

331–332

Johnson v. Transporta-

tion Agency of Santa

Clara, California

395–396

Kennedy, Anthony M.

410

living constitution 435

Metro Broadcasting,

Inc. v. FCC 466

military and the

Constitution 469

Mississippi University

for Women v. Hogan

479

Powell, Lewis Franklin,

Jr. 563

racial quotas 589

Regents of the University

of California v. Bakke

596

student rights 711

Swann v. Charlotte-

Mecklenburg Board of

Education 714

Thomas, Clarence 736

United Steelworkers

of America v. Weber

772–773

African Americans

afﬁ rmative action 13

American Indians and

the Constitution

26–27

Batson v. Kentucky

50–51

Brown v. Board of

Education of Topeka

86–88

Chase Court 110, 111

citizenship and alien-

age 120

City of Richmond v.

J. A. Croson Company

126

civil rights 129, 130

Civil Rights Act of 1964

130

Civil Rights Cases

132–133

Cooper v. Aaron 173

cross burning 179, 180

desegregation 191–193

disparate impact 198

District of Columbia

199

Dred Scott v. Sandford

208–209

equal protection 238

federalism 265

Fifteenth Amendment

271–272

Fourteenth Amendment

291–293

million et al. v.

Lightfoot, Mayor

of Tuskegee, et al.

316–318

guarantee clause 333

Heart of Atlanta Motel

v. United States

352–353

housing and the

Constitution 359–360

Note: Boldface page numbers indicate main entries; c refers to the U.S. Constitution Time Line appendix.

vi+904_EofUSConsti-v2.indd 865 3/20/09 2:19:38 PM

866 Index

Hunt v. Cromartie

362–363

incorporation 371

intentional discrimina-

tion 379

Katzenbach v. McClung

407

Lincoln, Abraham 431,

433

Loving v. Virginia 442

McCleskey v. Kemp 460

Miller-El v. Cockrell 470

Miller v. Johnson

472–473

Millikin v. Bradley

473–474

Minor v. Happersett

476

O’Connor, Sandra Day

524

peremptory challenges

550

Plessy v. Ferguson 554

racial proﬁ ling 587–588

R.A.V. v. St. Paul 593

right to vote 623–624

Scottsboro cases 652–

653

Shaw v. Reno 670–673

Shelley v. Kraemer 674

slavery and the

Constitution 682–683

Smith v. Allwright

683–685

South Carolina v.

Katzenbach 688–689

Thirteenth Amendment

735–736

Thomas, Clarence

736–737

torture and the

Constitution 741

United States v. Classic

762–763

United Steelworkers of

America v. Weber 773

Vinson Court 779–780

Voting Rights Act of

1965 784–788

age and the Constitution

14–16, 33, 34

Age Discrimination

Employment Act (ADEA)

age and the Constitution

15, 16

disparate impact 199

employment discrimina-

tion 230, 231

Gregory v. Ashcroft 329

Kimel v. Florida Board

of Regents 411–412

Smith v. City of Jackson

685–686

airline passenger searches

16–17

Alabama v. Shelton 17–18

Alden v. Maine 18–19, 225

alienage. See citizenship

and alienage

Alito, Samuel 19–20, 855c

abortion 4

Gonzales, Attorney

General v. Carhart 319

League of United Latin

American Citizens

(

ULAC) v. Perry 423

Morse v. Frederick 487

O’Connor, Sandra Day

522

presidential signing

statements 570

Roberts Court 627

Allen v. State Board of

Elections 20–21

Ambach v. Norwick 21–22

amending the Constitution

22–25, 23, 435, 731

Amendments to the

Constitution. See speciﬁ c

Amendments, e.g.: First

Amendment

American Civil Liberties

Union (ACLU) 25–26

Ashcroft v. ACLU 40

Bill of Rights 60

Communications

Decency Act 154

Gitlow v. People of the

State of New York 314

international law and the

Constitution 384

Laird v. Tatum 420

McCreary County,

Kentucky v. American

Civil Liberties Union

462

Morse v. Frederick 487

PATRIOT Act 544

Saenz v. Roe 636

school prayer 650

semi-suspect class 657

wiretapping 809

American Indians and the

Constitution 26–30,

233, 388, 492–493, 848c,

854c

Americans with Disabilities

Act (ADA)

Eleventh Amendment

225

employment discrimina-

tion 230, 231

people with disabilities

548, 549

police civil liability 558

professional sports and

the Constitution 581

Tennessee v. Lane

728–729

anti-Federalists

amending the

Constitution 24

Bill of Rights 59

civil liberties 128

English Bill of Rights

235

Federalist Papers 266

incorporation 371

Ninth Amendment 512

ratiﬁ cation of the

Constitution 591, 592

antitrust law. See also

Clayton Antitrust Act;

Sherman Antitrust Act

Bork, Robert H. 72

Fuller Court 303–304

Parker v. Brown 538

professional sports

and the Constitution

580–581

right to petition the gov-

ernment 619

Roberts, John G., Jr.

626

Standard Oil Co. of New

Jersey v. United States

694

United States v. E. C.

ght Co. 765–766

appellate jurisdiction

30–31

Article III of the U.S.

Constitution 37–39

Cohens v. Virginia 142

Ex parte McCardle 249,

250

jurisdiction, power of

Congress to control

400, 401

Martin v. Hunter’s

Lessee 458

original jurisdiction 529

Apprendi v. New Jersey

31–32, 624, 662, 762

Arizonans for Ofﬁ cial

English v. Arizona

32–33

Article I of the U.S.

Constitution 33–35,

831–834

American Indians and

the Constitution 26,

Article II of the U.S.

Constitution 36

Beard, Charles Austin

bicameral legislature

bill of attainder 57

Boumediene v. Bush 73

Calder v. Bull 98

Carter v. Carter Coal

Company 107

Civil War and the

Constitution, the 136

Clinton v. City of New

York 139

Collector v. Day 146

commerce clause

148–151

compelling governmen-

tal interest 155

Complete Auto Transit,

Inc. v. Brady 155

Congress and foreign

policy 157–160

contract clause 169

Cooley v. Board of

Wardens of the Port of

Philadelphia 172

Corﬁ eld v. Coryell 175

economic protectionism

and the states 214

education and the

Constitution 215

Edwards v. California

218–219

environmental regula-

tion 236–237

ex post facto clause

252–253

Fletcher v. Peck 283

foreign affairs and the

Constitution 287

Gibbons v. Ogden 313

Gonzales, Attorney

General v. Carhart

320

Gravel v. United States

326

habeas corpus 334

vi+904_EofUSConsti-v2.indd 866 3/20/09 2:19:39 PM

Index 867

House of Representa-

tives 358

impeachment 368

imports, taxes on 369

interstate commerce

385

Jefferson, Thomas 394

line-item veto 434

Marshall, John 454

McCulloch v. Maryland

464

Missouri Compromise

481

Montesquieu and the

Constitution 485, 486

National League of

Cities v. Usery 497

national security and the

Constitution 498

necessary and proper

clause 505

Ogden v. Saunders

524–525

one person, one vote

526, 528, 529

patents 542

postal power 562

presentment clause 567,

568

Rasul v. Bush 590

revenue bill 606

right to vote 623

Senate 658

separation of powers

662

slavery and the

Constitution 682

South Dakota v. Dole

689–690

speech or debate clause

692, 693

supremacy clause 713

Taney Court 722–723

taxing and spending

powers 724–725

titles of nobility 739

Twenty-third

Amendment 751

United States Term

Limits, Inc. v.

Thornton 758

United States Trust

Company v. New

Jersey 758

United States v. Classic

762

United States v. E. C.

Knight Co. 766

United States v. Pink

771

veto 776

vice president 777

War Powers Act 793

wealth and the

Constitution 798

welfare and the

Constitution 801, 802

West River Bridge

Company v. Dix 804

Article II of the U.S.

Constitution 35–37,

834–835

American Indians and

the Constitution 27

Article III of the U.S.

Constitution 37

Boumediene v. Bush 73

Bush v. Gore 95

commander in chief

146–147

Congress and foreign

policy 158, 159

electoral college 223

executive orders 248

Ex parte Grossman

249

foreign affairs and the

Constitution 287

Foreign Intelligence

Surveillance Act of

1978 289, 290

high crimes and misde-

meanors 353

impeachment 367, 368

Missouri v. Holland

482

Montesquieu and the

Constitution 485, 486

Myers v. United States

493, 494

national security and the

Constitution 498

presidential pardoning

power 568

presidential signing

statements 570

ght to vote 621–622

separation of powers

662

Seventeenth

Amendment 668

treaty 743

Twelfth Amendment

745–746

Twenty-ﬁ fth

Amendment 746

United States v. Belmont

760

United States v. Pink

771–772

Vinson Court 780

Article III of the U.S.

Constitution 37–39,

835–836

American Indians and

the Constitution 28

appellate jurisdiction 30

case and controversy

108

Chisholm v. Georgia

118

Clinton v. Jones 140

Cohens v. Virginia 142

common law and the

Constitution 152–153

Corﬁ eld v. Coryell 175

DaimlerChrysler v.

Cuno 184

diversity jurisdiction

201

Eleventh Amendment

225

Ellsworth Court 226

Ex parte McCardle 250

injunction 373

judicial review 396

Judiciary Act of 1789

399–400

jurisdiction, power of

Congress to control

400–401

justiciability 403

Lujan v. Defenders of

Wildlife 444

Marbury v. Madison

453

Marshall, John 454

Minor v. Happersett

476

Mistretta v. United

States 483

Montesquieu and the

Constitution 485, 486

Muskrat v. United States

492, 493

original jurisdiction 529

ripeness 625

separation of powers

662

South Carolina v.

Katzenbach 688

standing 694–696

treason 742

treaty 744

Valley Forge Christian

College v. Americans

United for the

Separation of Church

and State, Inc. 774–

775

Article IV of the U.S.

Constitution 836–837

Corﬁ eld v. Coryell

175–176

Coyle v. Smith 178

Loving v. Virginia 442

Luther v. Borden 445

Missouri Compromise

481

privileges and immuni-

ties 579, 580

Republicanism 604–605

slavery and the

Constitution 682

Article V of the U.S.

Constitution 22, 23, 25,

158, 837

Article VI of the U.S.

Constitution 83

ongress and foreign

policy 158

Cooper v. Aaron 173

international law and the

Constitution 383

Missouri v. Holland

481, 482

supremacy clause

713–714

treaty 743

Article VII of the U.S.

Constitution 164,

837–838

Articles of Confederation

824–830, 847c

bicameral legislature 55

checks and balances 112

Constitutional

Convention 161, 163

Declaration of

Independence 189

freedom of religion 297

Hamilton, Alexander

339–340

judicial review 397

letters of marque and

reprisal 429

Madison, James 447

Northwest Ordinance

516

postal power 562

ratiﬁ cation of the

Constitution 591

vi+904_EofUSConsti-v2.indd 867 3/20/09 2:19:39 PM

868 Index

Shays’s Rebellion 673–

674

speech or debate clause

693

term limits 731

titles of nobility 739

treaty 743

Virginia Plan 781

wealth and the

Constitution 798

Ashcroft v. ACLU 39–40,

522, 759

Ashwander v. Tennessee

Valley Authority 40–41

Atkins v. Virginia 41–42,

855c

capital punishment 105

cruel and unusual pun-

ishment 181

Kennedy, Anthony M.

410

Penry v. Lynaugh 548

Ring v. Arizona 625

sentencing and propor-

tionality 661

Stevens, John Paul 700

attorney advertising 42,

151, 783

Authorization for Use of

Military Force (AUMF)

148, 290, 500, 634, 664,

666

Avery v. Midland County

42–43, 595

bail 44–45, 588, 611, 615,

781

Bailey v. Drexel Furniture

Company 45–46, 718,

725

Baker v. Carr 46–47,

851c

Article III of the U.S.

Constitution 39

Brennan, William J., Jr.

Colegrove v. Green 145

foreign affairs and the

Constitution 288

Goldwater v. Carter 316

Harlan, John Marshall

343

one person, one vote

526, 527

partisan gerrymander-

ing 539

redistricting and reap-

portionment 595

Reynolds v. Sims 607

standing 695

Warren Court 797

balanced budget amend-

ment 47–49

Balanced Budget and

Emergency Deﬁ cit

Control Act. See

Gramm-Rudman-

Hollings Act

Bank of the United States

395, 463, 464, 506, 713,

722, 848c

Barenblatt v. United States

49–50, 514

Barron v. Mayor and City

Council of Baltimore 50,

848c

Bill of Rights 59, 60

Duncan v. Louisiana

212

eminent domain 228

incorporation 371

Marshall, John 455

takings clause 719

Batson v. Kentucky 50–

51, 392, 470, 550, 678

BBA. See balanced budget

amendment

BCRA. See Bipartisan

Campaign Finance

Reform Act

Beard, Charles Austin

51–53, 798

Beauharnais v. Illinois

53–54, 520, 851c

Berman v. Parker 229,

350, 351, 408, 409, 720

Betts v. Brady 54–55, 313,

614, 702, 796, 850c

bicameral legislature 55–

56, 112, 163, 608, 781

Bickel, Alexander Mordecai

19,

56–57, 17

ll of attainder 49, 57,

359, 656, 658

Bill of Rights 57–60, 58,

840–841, 847c–849c.