Schultz D. Encyclopedia of the United States Constitution

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882 Index

privacy 577

privileges and immuni-

ties 579–580

racial proﬁ ling 587

racial quotas 589

In re Gault 375, 376

Regents of the University

of California v. Bakke

597

Rehnquist, William

Hubbs 599

Rehnquist Court 601

Religious Freedom

Restoration Act 603

Reynolds v. Sims 607,

608

Rice v. Cayetano 608

right against self-incrim-

ination 610

right to a speedy and

public trial 610–611

right to bear arms 613,

614

right to counsel 614

right to remain silent

619

right to trial by jury

620–621

right to vote 623

Ring v. Arizona 624

Roe v. Wade 627

Rummel v. Estelle 632

Saenz v. Roe 636

Santa Clara County

v. Southern Paciﬁ c

Railroad 639–640

Schmerber v. California

646

school busing 647

Scottsboro cases 653

semi-suspect class 657

Serrano v. Priest 667

Shaw v. Reno 670

Shelley v. Kraemer

674–675

Sheppard v. Maxwell

675

Sixth Amendment 678

Skinner v. Oklahoma

679–680

South Carolina v.

Katzenbach 689

Southern Paciﬁ c

Company v. Arizona

691

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady

698

strict scrutiny 707–708

student rights 711

substantive due process

712

Swann v. Charlotte-

Mecklenburg Board of

Education 714

takings clause 719

Timmons v. Twin Cities

Area New Party 737

Tinker v. Des Moines

Independent

Community School

District 738

torture and the

Constitution 741

United Jewish

Organization v. Carey

756

United States v.

Morrison 768

United States v. Wong

Kim Ark 772

United Steelworkers of

America v. Weber 773

Voting Rights Act of

1965 784, 785, 787

Waite Court 791

wealth and the

Constitution 799

welfare and the

nstitution 801–803

West Coast Hotel v.

Parrish 803

Wolf v. Colorado 810

Yick Wo v. Hopkins 811

youth curfew laws 813

Fourth Amendment 294–

295, 838, 840, 849c,

851c, 852c

airline passenger search-

es 16

American Civil Liberties

Union 25

Bill of Rights 59

Bivens v. Six Unknown

Named Agents of

Federal Bureau of

Narcotics 61

Board of Education

Pottawatomie County

v. Earls 66–67

Chimel v. California 117

City of Chicago v.

Morales 122

deadly force 186–187

due process 210

education and the

Constitution 215–217

exclusionary rule

245–247

Foreign Intelligence

Surveillance Act of

1978 290

Fuller Court 304

good faith exception 321

Griswold v. Connecticut

331

habeas corpus 335

Hiibel v. Nevada 354

Illinois v. Caballes 366

Illinois v. Gates 367

incorporation 372

Kyllo v. United States

416

Morse v. Frederick 486

national security and the

Constitution 500

Olmstead v. United

States 525

PATRIOT Act 544

police civil liability 557,

558

prisoners’ rights 575

privacy 577, 578

right to remain silent 619

Roe v. Wade 627

Rust v. Sullivan 635

Schmerber v. California

646

search warrant excep-

tions 653

Section 1983 654, 655

September 11th attacks

and the Constitution

667

Skinner v. Railway

Labor Executives’

Association 680–681

Stanley v. Georgia 697

Stone v. Powell 703

stop and frisk 704

Terry v. Ohio 732

Weeks v. United States

801

Whren v. United States

807

wiretapping 808–809

Wolf v. Colorado 810

youth curfew laws 813

Zurcher v. Stanford

Daily 817, 818

Frankfurter, Felix

Beauharnais v. Illinois

53, 54

Bickel, Alexander

Mor

ecai 56

Colegrove v. Green 145

Cooper v. Aaron 174

Gomillion et al. v.

Lightfoot, Mayor of

Tuskegee, et al. 317

H. P. Hood & Sons, Inc.

v. Du Mond 361

Korematsu v. United

States 414

Kovacs v. Cooper

414–415

one person, one vote 526

partisan gerrymander-

ing 539

Poe v. Ullman 557

Warren Court 796

Wolf v. Colorado 810

Franklin, Benjamin 295–

297, 296, 562, 742

freedom of religion 297–

299, 854c. See also free

exercise clause

Boy Scouts of America

v. Dale 76–77

Chaplinsky v. New

Hampshire 109

checks and balances 112

Church of the Lukumi

Babalu Aye, Inc. v.

City of Hialeah 119

City of Boerne v. Flores

121–122

Employment Division v.

Smith 232–233

Engel v. Vitale 233–234

First Amendment

274–275

religious displays on

public property

601–602

Religious Freedom

Restoration Act 602

Rosenberger v.

University of Virginia

630

Virginia Declaration of

Rights 781

Wisconsin v. Yoder

809–810

freedom of speech. See

First Amendment

freedom of the press 299–

302, 850c

Branzburg v. Hayes

80–81

due process 210

education and the

Constitution 216

vi+904_EofUSConsti-v2.indd 882 3/20/09 2:19:44 PM

Index 883

First Amendment

279–280

Miami Herald v. Tornillo

467

Near v. Minnesota 503

Nebraska Press

Association v. Stuart

504–505

New York Times v.

Sullivan 510–511

seditious libel 655

student rights 710

Virginia Declaration of

Rights 781

Zurcher v. Stanford

Daily 817–818

free exercise clause 119,

273–274, 298–299, 809–

810, 817, 850c

Fuller Court 302–305,

805

Fullilove v. Klutznick 9,

10, 14, 126, 305–306

fundamental rights 306–

307, 850c

American Indians and

the Constitution 29

Bill of Rights 57

Bowers v. Hardwick 74

civil liberties 128

Civil War and the

Constitution, the 136

compelling governmen-

tal interest 155

Corﬁ eld v. Coryell 175

education and the

Constitution 215

Employment Division v.

Smith 233

equal protection 238

Gitlow v. People of the

State of New York 314

Gonzales, Attorney

General v. Carhart

319

international law and the

Constitution 383–384

Pierce v. Society of the

Sisters of the Holy

Names of Jesus and

Mary 551–552

prisoners’ rights 574–

575

privileges and immuni-

ties 580

rational basis test 593

Republicanism 605

Serrano v. Priest 667

Shapiro v. Thompson

670

Skinner v. Oklahoma

680

standing 695

strict scrutiny 707

Terry v. Ohio 732

welfare and the

Constitution 802

Furman v. Georgia 104–

105, 144, 181, 307–308,

328, 853c

Garcia v. San Antonio

Metropolitan Transit

Authority 309–310,

497, 498

gay and lesbian rights

310–312, 311, 854c

Bowers v. Hardwick 74

Boy Scouts of America

v. Dale 76–77

civil liberties 128

civil rights 129, 130

First Amendment 280

Hurley v. Irish-

American Gay,

Lesbian & Bisexual

Group of Boston

363–365

Kennedy, Anthony M.

410

Lawrence v. Texas 422

Loving v. Virginia 442

O’Connor, Sandra Day

524

parades 536

Powell, Lewis Franklin,

Jr. 563

privacy 577–578

public forum 585

Romer v. Evans 629–

630

same-sex marriage

636–638

Scalia, Antonin Gregory

643

gender discrimination

Bradwell v. State of

Illinois 77–78

Craig v. Boren 178–179

employment discrimina-

tion 230–231

equal protection 239

intentional discrimina-

tion 379

intermediate level scru-

tiny test 382

J. E. B. v. Alabama 392

Mississippi University

for Women v. Hogan

478–479

Rostker v. Goldberg 631

semi-suspect class 657

Gibbons v. Ogden 312–

313, 848c

Carter v. Carter Coal

Company 107

child labor 114

commerce clause

148–149

Corﬁ eld v. Coryell 175

federalism 264

interstate commerce 385

Marshall, John 455

Marshall Court 456

police power 559

Senate 659

supremacy clause 713

Taney Court 723

United States v. Darby

Lumber Co. 765

Gideon v. Wainwright

212, 313–314, 614, 679,

796, 851c

Ginsburg, Ruth Bader

Alabama v. Shelton 17

BMW of North America,

Inc. v. Gore 65

Board of Education

Pottawatomie County

v. Earls 67

Buckley v. American

Constitutional Law

Foundation 90

Constitution in exile 166

DaimlerChrysler v.

Cuno 184

equal protection 239

Ewing v. California 245

Gonzales, Attorney

General v. Carhart 3

Good News Club v.

Milford Central School

323

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld 339

intentional discrimina-

tion 379

Miller v. Johnson 473

Rehnquist Court 600

Republican Party of

Minnesota v. White

604

Rice v. Cayetano 609

Ring v. Arizona 624

Roberts Court 627

Roe v. Wade 628

Rumsfeld v. Padilla 634

semi-suspect class 657

Smith v. Doe 686–687

student activity fees 708

United States v.

American Library

Association 759

Gitlow v. People of the

State of New York 60,

314–315, 372, 718, 849c

Goldberg v. Kelly 211,

315, 670, 802, 803

Goldwater v. Carter 159,

315–316, 764

Gomillion et al. v.

Lightfoot, Mayor of

Tuskegee, et al. 145, 272,

316–318, 595, 672, 757

Gonzales, Attorney

General v. Carhart 4, 84,

318–319, 627, 629, 855c

Gonzales v. Oregon 319–

320, 627

Gonzales v. Raich 320–

321, 387

good faith exception 246–

247, 321–322

Good News Club v. Milford

Central School 216,

322–323, 601

Gramm-Rudman-Hollings

Act 74–75, 323–324

Granholm v. Heald 324–

325, 559, 748–749

Gratz v. Bollinger 14, 217,

325–326, 332, 589, 855c

Gravel v. United States

326–327, 693

Great Depression 171,

218–219, 222, 357, 386,

509–510

Green v. County School

Board of New Kent

County, Virginia 191–

192, 327–328, 714

Gregg v. Georgia 105, 181,

328–329, 853

egory v. Ashcroft 263,

329–330

Griggs v. Duke Power Co.

198, 330, 686

Griswold v. Connecticut

331, 852c

Bork, Robert H. 72

contraceptives 168–169

vi+904_EofUSConsti-v2.indd 883 3/20/09 2:19:45 PM

884 Index

Douglas, William O. 206

Eisenstadt v. Baird

222–223

Ninth Amendment 513

Poe v. Ullman 557

privacy 576–577

Roe v. Wade 627, 628

Third Amendment

734–735

Grutter v. Bollinger 331–

332, 855c

afﬁ rmative action 14

education and the

Constitution 217

equal protection 240

Gratz v. Bollinger 325

military and the

Constitution 469

O’Connor, Sandra Day

524

racial quotas 589

Regents of the University

of California v. Bakke

597

strict scrutiny 708

Guantánamo Bay detainees

Boumediene v. Bush

73–74

Congress and foreign

policy 160

habeas corpus 335–336

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld 339

international law and the

Constitution 384

Rasul v. Bush 590–591

September 11th attacks

and the Constitution

665, 666

Stevens, John Paul 700

Youngstown Sheet &

Tube v. Sawyer 813

guarantee clause 332–

333, 445, 606, 723

guns. See right to bear arms

habeas corpus 334–336,

848c, 855c

appellate jurisdiction 31

Article III of the U.S.

Constitution 38

Betts v. Brady 54

Bill of Rights 57

Boumediene v. Bush

73–74

capital punishment 106

Chase Court 111

Civil War and the

Constitution, the 136

compelling governmen-

tal interest 155

Corﬁ eld v. Coryell 175

cruel and unusual pun-

ishment 182

Escobedo v. Illinois 240

Ex parte McCardle 249,

250

Ex parte Milligan 250

Fay v. Noia 256, 257

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld

338–339

House of

Representatives 359

McCleskey v. Kemp 460

military and the

Constitution 468

Miller-El v. Cockrell 470

national security and the

Constitution 499

Rasul v. Bush 590–591

In re Debs 375

In re Neagle 376

Republicanism 606

Rumsfeld v. Padilla 633,

634

Senate 658

September 11th attacks

and the Constitution

665, 666

Stone v. Powell 703

Yick Wo v. Hopkins 811

Hague v. Committee for

Industrial Organizations

336–337, 535

Haig v. Agee 337–338

Hamdan v. Rumsfeld 73,

160, 251, 336, 469, 666,

813

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld 338–

339, 855c

habeas corpus 336

international law and the

Constitution 384

military and the

Constitution 469

Rasul v. Bush 591

September 11th attacks

and the Constitution

666

Youngstown Sheet &

Tube v. Sawyer 813

Hamilton, Alexander 339–

341, 340

Adams, John 9

Beard, Charles Austin 52

Bill of Rights 59

civil liberties 128

English Bill of Rights

235

Federalist Papers

265–267

First Amendment 273

corporation 371

Jefferson, Thomas 394,

395

judicial review 397

Madison, James 447

Marshall, John 454

military and the

Constitution 468

necessary and proper

clause 505–506

Ninth Amendment

512–513

presidential pardoning

power 568

separation of powers

663

titles of nobility 739

welfare and the

Constitution 801, 802

Hammer v. Dagenhart

341–342, 849c, 850c

Bailey v. Drexel

Furniture Company

45, 46

child labor 114

commerce clause 149,

150

federalism 264

interstate commerce 386

United States v. Darby

Lumber Co. 765

White Court 805

Hand, Learned 138, 279,

342

Harlan, John 342–343

Barenblatt v. United

States 49

Jacobellis v. Ohio 390

Lochner v. New York

438

Plessy v. Ferguson 554

Scales v. United States

641

symbolic speech 716

Twining v. State of New

Jersey 752

Waite Court 791

Harlan, John Marshall

343–344

Civil Rights Cases 132

Cohen v. California 143

contraceptives 168

Coppage v. Kansas 174

Coyle v. Smith 178

Flast v. Cohen 283

Miranda v. Arizona 478

obscenity 520

Poe v. Ullman 557

Rehnquist, William

Hubbs 599

Rehnquist Court 600

Roth v. U. S. 632

Shapiro v. Thompson

670

United States v. E. C.

Knight Co. 766

Waite Court 790

Warren Court 795

White Court 805

harmless error 335, 344

Harris v. McRae 345

Harris v. New York

345–346

Hatch Act of 1939 346–

347, 850c

hate crimes 31–32, 180,

347–348

hate speech 54, 180, 348,

349–350, 536, 594

Hawaii Housing Authority

v. Midkiff 229,

350–351,

408,

Hazelwood School District

v. Kuhlmeier 216, 351–

352, 710, 711, 854c

Heart of Atlanta Motel v.

United States 352–353,

852c

civil rights 130

Civil Rights Act of 1964

131

commerce clause 150

housing and the

Constitution 360

interstate commerce

386

Katzenbach v. McClung

407

high crimes and misde-

meanors 353, 368

Hiibel v. Nevada 353–355

Hodgson v. Minnesota

355–356, 537

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.

356–357, 849c

Adkins v. Children’s

Hospital 12

Brandenburg v. Ohio 79

Buck v. Bell 89

vi+904_EofUSConsti-v2.indd 884 3/20/09 2:19:45 PM

Index 885

child labor 114

clear and present danger

test 138

Coppage v. Kansas 174

Coyle v. Smith 178

due process 212

eminent domain 228

Federal Baseball Club

of Baltimore, Inc. v.

National League of

Professional Baseball

Clubs 258

First Amendment 279

fundamental rights 307

Gitlow v. People of the

State of New York 314

Hammer v. Dagenhart

341

Lochner v. New York

438

Missouri v. Holland 482

Myers v. United States

494

professional sports and

the Constitution 581

regulatory taking 598

Schenck v. United States

645–646

separation of powers

663

Swift & Co. v. United

States 715

takings clause 719–720

United States v. Darby

Lumber Co. 765

White Court 805, 806

Home Building and Loan

Association v. Blaisdell

171, 357–358, 850c

House of Representatives

358–359, 847c

age and the Constitution

amending the

Constitution 23

Article I of the U.S.

Constitution 33–34

bicameral legislature 55

campaign ﬁ nance 101

candidate ﬁ ling fees 102

checks and balances 112

Civil Rights Act of 1964

130

Clayton Antitrust Act

137

Clinton v. Jones 140

Connecticut Compromise

160

contempt of Congress

167, 168

District of Columbia 200

electoral college 223

ﬂ ag burning amendment

281–282

Gravel v. United States

326

high crimes and misde-

meanors 353

impeachment 367, 368

Iroquois Indian League

and the Constitution

389

Lincoln, Abraham 431

Madison, James 448

Missouri Compromise

480

Nixon, Richard 514

parental notiﬁ cation and

abortion 537

presentment clause 567

revenue bill 606–607

right to vote 622

Senate 658

separation of powers 662

Twelfth Amendment

746

United States Term

Limits, Inc. v.

Thornton 757–758

vice president 778

Voting Rights Act of

1965 788

housing and the

Constitution 88–89,

359–360, 674–675

H. P. Hood & Sons, Inc. v.

Du Mond 204, 360–361

Hughes, Charles Evans

Adkins v. Children’s

Hospital

hwander v. Tennessee

Valley Authority 40

contract clause 171

Coppage v. Kansas 174

Coyle v. Smith 178

discrete and insular

minorities 197

freedom of the press

300

Home Building and

Loan Association v.

Blaisdell 357

National Labor

Relations Board v.

Jones and Laughlin

Steel Corp. 496

Schechter Poultry

Corporation v. United

States 643

Wagner Act 789

White Court 805

Humphrey’s Executor v.

United States 361–362

Hunt v. Cromartie 362–

363

Hurley v. Irish-American

Gay, Lesbian & Bisexual

Group of Boston 311,

363–365, 364, 536

Hylton v. United States

226, 365

ICC. See Interstate

Commerce Commission

illegal aliens. See citizen-

ship and alienage

Illinois v. Caballes 366–

367

Illinois v. Gates 367

immigration. See citizen-

ship and alienage

Immigration and

Naturalization Service v.

Chadha 147, 426, 427,

500, 567, 793, 853c

impeachment 367–369,

368

Article I of the U.S.

Constitution 34

Article II of the U.S.

Constitution 36–37

Article III of the U.S.

Constitution 37, 39

Bork, Robert H. 72

Clinton v. Jones 139,

140

Douglas, William O.

207

Harris v. New York

346

high crimes and misde-

meanors 353

House of

Representatives 358

Nixon, Richard 515

Rehnquist, William

Hubbs 599

Senate 658

Warren Court 796

imports, taxes on 369–

370, 530–531

impoundment 370–371

incorporation 371–373

American Indians and

the Constitution 29

Bill of Rights 60

Black, Hugo 62

Corﬁ eld v. Coryell 175

due process 210

Fourteenth Amendment

293

Near v. Minnesota 503

privacy 577

Taft Court 718

Wallace v. Jaffree 792

Warren Court 796

injunction 373–374

abstention doctrine 6

Allen v. State Board of

Elections 20, 21

American Indians and

the Constitution 27

Article III of the U.S.

Constitution 37

Ashcroft v. ACLU 40

Boy Scouts of America

v. Dale 76–77

Clayton Antitrust Act

137

Ex parte Young 251–

252

First Amendment 273

Fuller Court 304

McCreary County,

Kentucky v. American

Civil Liberties Union

462

Mississippi v. Johnson

480

Monell v. Department

of Social Services

485

New State Ice Co. v.

Liebmann

509

In r

e D

ebs 374, 375

Rust v. Sullivan 635

Swift & Co. v. United

States 715

temporary restraining

order 726

United States v. E. C.

Knight Co. 766

In re Debs 304, 374–375,

562, 849c

In re Gault 375–376

In re Neagle 376–377

integration. See desegrega-

tion

intelligent design 217,

377–378

vi+904_EofUSConsti-v2.indd 885 3/20/09 2:19:46 PM

886 Index

intentional discrimination

378–379

disparate impact 198

employment discrimina-

tion 229

Katzenbach v. McClung

407

McCleskey v. Kemp 460

partisan gerrymander-

ing 539

people with disabilities

548–549

racial proﬁ ling 587–588

Voting Rights Act of

1965 787

intent of the framers

379–380

Abington Township v.

Schempp 1

Betts v. Brady 54

Bork, Robert H. 72

fair trial–free press 255

judicial review 397

presentment clause 567

right to bear arms 612

Story, Joseph 705

strict constructivism

706–707

student activity fees 708

veto 777

intergovernmental tax

immunity 146, 380–382,

560

intermediate level scrutiny

test 178–179, 239, 382–

383, 479, 716

international law and the

Constitution 383–384

International Society for

Krishna Consciousness v.

Lee 384–385, 585

Internet

Ashcroft v. ACLU 39

attorney advertising 42

Bill of Rights 60

blogs and free speech

child pornography

116–117

Communications

Decency Act 154

freedom of the press

301–302

Megan’s law 466

music censorship 492

United States v.

American Library

Association 759–760

internment camps. See

Japanese Americans,

internment of

interstate commerce

385–387

Beard, Charles Austin 52

Breyer, Stephen G. 85

Carter v. Carter Coal

Company 107

child labor 114

Civil Rights Act of 1964

131

Coe v. Town of Errol

140, 141

commerce clause

148–151

Complete Auto Transit,

Inc. v. Brady 155

Cooley v. Board of

Wardens of the Port of

Philadelphia 172

Corﬁ eld v. Coryell 175

DaimlerChrysler v.

Cuno 184

discrete and insular

minorities 197

dormant commerce

clause 203

economic protectionism

and the states 214

Edwards v. California

219

environmental regula-

tion 236

Fuller Court 304

Garcia v. San Antonio

Metropolitan Transit

Authority 309

Gibbons v. Ogden 3

313

Gonzales, Attorney

General v. Carhart

321

H. P. Hood & Sons, Inc.

v. Du Mond 360

Hammer v. Dagenhart

341

Heart of Atlanta Motel v.

United States 352

Kimel v. Florida Board

of Regents 412

Mann Act 451

Marshall, John 455

Marshall Court 456

National Labor

Relations Board v.

Jones and Laughlin

Steel Corp. 496–497

necessary and proper

clause 506

original package doc-

trine 530–531

Parker v. Brown 538

Philadelphia v. New

Jersey 551

police power 559

professional sports and

the Constitution 580

In re Debs 374

Schechter Poultry

Corporation v. United

States 643

Scheidler v. National

Organization for

Women, Inc. 644

Senate 659

Souter, David H. 687

Southern Paciﬁ c

Company v. Arizona

691

state tax incentives and

interstate commerce

698, 699

supremacy clause 713

Taney Court 723

taxing and spending

powers 725

Twenty-ﬁ rst Amendment

748

United States v. Darby

Lumber Co. 764–765

United States v. E. C.

Knight Co. 765–766

United States v. Lopez

767

United States v.

Morrison 768

Wagner Act 789

West Lynn Creamery,

Inc., v. Healy 804

Wickard v. Filburn 808

Interstate Commerce

Commission (ICC) 171,

387–388, 717

Iroquois Indian League

and the Constitution

388–389, 847c

Jackson, Andrew

civil service and the

Pendleton Act 133–

134

Civil War and the

Constitution, the 135

Nulliﬁ cation

Controversy 519

presidential pardoning

power 569

presidential signing

statements 569

Taney Court 722

Twelfth Amendment

746

vice president 778

Jackson, Robert H.

Beauharnais v. Illinois

commander in chief 147,

148

constitutional interpreta-

tion 165

Dames & Moore v.

Regan 185

Edwards v. California

219

foreign affairs and the

Constitution 287

H. P. Hood & Sons, Inc.

v. Du Mond 360

judicial review 398

Kovacs v. Cooper 415

national security and the

Constitution 499

United States v. Curtiss-

Wright Export Corp.

764

Vinson Court 780

Wickard v. Filburn 808

Youngstown Sheet &

Tube v. Sawyer 812

Jacobellis v. Ohio 390–

391, 521

Japanese Americans,

internment of

equal protection 239

executive orders 248

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld 339

Korematsu v. United

States 412–414

military and the

Constitution 468–469

Stone, Harlan Fiske 701

Stone Court 702

Jay, John 118, 265–267,

391, 391–392, 447, 493,

847c

J. E. B. v. Alabama 392

Jefferson, Thomas 393,

393–395, 847c

Adams, John 8, 9

amending the

Constitution 24

vi+904_EofUSConsti-v2.indd 886 3/20/09 2:19:46 PM

Index 887

Civil War and the

Constitution, the 135

Declaration of

Independence 187

Embargo Act of 1807

227–228

establishment clause

241

Everson v. Board of

Education 244

First Amendment 275

freedom of the press

299

judicial review 397

Madison, James 447–

449

Marbury v. Madison

452, 453

Marshall, John 454

Marshall Court 456

natural law 502

school vouchers 651

seditious libel 655

slavery and the

Constitution 682

speech or debate clause

693

Twelfth Amendment

745–746

vice president 778

Virginia Declaration of

Rights 780

Wallace v. Jaffree 792

wealth and the

Constitution 799

Wisconsin v. Yoder

809

Johnson, Andrew 111,

249, 368, 369, 468, 480,

729–730

Johnson, Lyndon B.

afﬁ rmative action 13

Civil Rights Act of 1964

130–132, 131

commander in chief

147

national security and

the Constitution 499

Rehnquist Court 600

vice president 778

Voting Rights Act of

1965 788

Warren Court 794–

796

Johnson v. Transporta-

tion Agency of Santa

Clara, California 14,

395–396

Jones & Laughlin Steel

Corp. See National Labor

Relations Board v. Jones

and Laughlin Steel Corp.

judicial review 396–399

appellate jurisdiction 31

Article III of the U.S.

Constitution 38

Bickel, Alexander

Mordecai 56

Clayton Antitrust Act 137

Congress and foreign

policy 160

countermajoritarianism

176

Democracy and Distrust

(Ely) 190

federalism 264

Fletcher v. Peck 284

foreign affairs and the

Constitution 288

Goldwater v. Carter 316

Gomillion et al. v.

Lightfoot, Mayor of

Tuskegee, et al. 317

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld 339

Hylton v. United States

365

intent of the framers

379

jurisdiction, power of

Congress to control

401

Marbury v. Madison

452, 453

Marshall, John 454

Marshall Court 456

military and the

Constitution 468

neutral principles 506

one person, one vote 527

parades 536

South Carolina v.

Katzenbach

688

eech and government

funding 691

strict scrutiny 707

substantive due process

713

ultra vires 753

Ware v. Hylton 794

welfare and the

Constitution 802

Judiciary Act of 1789 399–

400, 847c

appellate jurisdiction 30

Article III of the U.S.

Constitution 38

Cohens v. Virginia 142

common law and the

Constitution 152–153

contract clause 170

diversity jurisdiction

201–202

Ellsworth Court 226

jurisdiction, power of

Congress to control

401

Marbury v. Madison

453

Marshall, John 454

Marshall Court 456

Martin v. Hunter’s

Lessee 458

original jurisdiction 529

right to counsel 614

jurisdiction, power of

Congress to control 5,

37–38, 400–402

just compensation 402–

403, 849c

Bill of Rights 60

Dolan v. City of Tigard

202

eminent domain 228,

229

Fuller Court 303

Hawaii Housing Author-

ity v. Midkiff 350

incorporation 372

Kelo v. City of New

London 408

Loretto v. Teleprompter

Manhattan CATV

Corp. 441

takings clause 718

United States v. Belmont

761

West River Bridge

Company v. Dix 804

justiciability 108, 316,

403–404, 541

Kansas-Nebraska Act 135,

405–406, 481, 848c

Katzenbach v. McClung

131, 406–407, 852c

Kelo v. City of New

London 229, 407–409,

720, 855c

Kennedy, Anthony M.

409–411

abortion 4

Alden v. Maine 18

Boumediene v. Bush 73

C & A Carbone, Inc.,

et al. v. Town of

Clarkstown, New

York 97

Church of the Lukumi

Babalu Aye, Inc. v.

City of Hialeah 119

City of Boerne v. Flores

122

City of Los Angeles v.

Alameda Books, Inc.

125

County of Allegheny v.

ACLU 178

Employment Division v.

Smith 232

Ewing v. California 245

ex post facto clause 252

Federal Election

Commission v.

Beaumont et al. 260

federalism 263

First Amendment 277

gay and lesbian rights

311, 312

Gonzales, Attorney

General v. Carhart

319, 321

Gonzales v. Oregon 320

Granholm v. Heald 324

Gratz v. Bollinger 325

Gregg v. Georgia 328

Hiibel v. Nevada 354

international law and the

Constitution 383

Kelo v. City of New

London 408

Lawrence v. Texas 421

League of United Latin

American Citizens

(LULAC) v. Perry 422

Lee v. Weisman 424

Legal Services

Corporation v.

Velazquez 425

Metro Broadcasting,

Inc. v. FCC 467

Miller v. Johnson 472,

473

Missouri v. Jenkins 483

Mistretta v. United

States 484

National Endowment for

the Arts v. Finley 495

Nixon v. Shrink

Missouri Government

PAC 516

vi+904_EofUSConsti-v2.indd 887 3/20/09 2:19:46 PM

888 Index

partisan gerrymandering

540, 541

Planned Parenthood v.

Casey 553

Rehnquist Court 600,

601

Rice v. Cayetano 609

Roberts Court 627

Romer v. Evans 629

Rosenberger v.

University of Virginia

630, 631

Rumsfeld v. Padilla 634

Skinner v. Railway

Labor Executives’

Association 681

Smith v. Doe 686

Stanford v. Kentucky

696

Stevens, John Paul 700

student activity fees

708, 709

undue burden standard

754

United States v.

American Library

Association 759, 760

Webster v. Reproductive

Health Services 800

Kent, James 411

Kimel v. Florida Board of

Regents 411–412, 728

Korematsu v. United States

412–414, 413, 851c

American Civil Liberties

Union 25

Black, Hugo 62

discrete and insular

minorities 197

Douglas, William O. 207

equal protection 239

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld 339

military and the

Constitution 469

Stone, Harlan Fiske 701

Stone Court 702

strict scrutiny 708

Kovacs v. Cooper 414–416

Kyllo v. United States

416–417

labor unions 418–419

Clayton Antitrust Act

137

Congress and foreign

policy 159

Coppage v. Kansas 174

employment discrimina-

tion 232

Fuller Court 304

National Labor

Relations Board v.

Jones and Laughlin

Steel Corp. 496–497

In re Debs 374–375

union dues and political

activity 754

Wagner Act 789–790

Laird v. Tatum 420

Lamb’s Chapel v. Center

Moriches Union Free

School District 243,

322–323, 420–421, 601,

630

Lawrence v. Texas 421–

422, 855c

Bowers v. Hardwick 74

contraceptives 168

gay and lesbian rights

311–312

Kennedy, Anthony M.

410

O’Connor, Sandra Day

524

privacy 577

Scalia, Antonin Gregory

643

League of United Latin

American Citizens

(LULAC) v. Perry 410,

422–423, 540, 541

Lebron v. National

Railroad Passenger

Corporation 423–424

Lee v. Weisman 216, 276,

277, 424–425, 648, 854c

Legal Services Corporation

v. Velazquez 425–426

legislative veto 94, 147,

426–428, 500, 567, 793,

853c

Lemon test 218, 243,

276–278, 428–429, 445,

446, 487–488

Lemon v. Kurtzman 428–

429, 852c

County of Allegheny v.

ACLU 177

education and the

Constitution 216

establishment clause

241, 243

First Amendment

275–276

Lee v. Weisman 424–

425

Mueller v. Allen 487

Souter, David H. 687

Van Orden v. Perry 775

Wallace v. Jaffree 791,

792

Zelman v. Simmons-

Harris 815

letters of marque and repri-

sal 429

libel. See d

efamation

iberty of contract 11–12,

172, 292, 302–303,

429–430

Lincoln, Abraham 430–

433, 432, 848c

Chase Court 109–112

Civil War and the

Constitution, the 135,

136

Declaration of

Independence 187

executive orders 248

Ex parte Milligan 250

Field, Stephen J. 270

Kansas-Nebraska Act

406

Lincoln-Douglas debates

431

Marshall, John 455

military and the

Constitution 468

national security and the

Constitution 499

presidential pardoning

power 569

Seventeenth

Amendment 668

Stone Court 702

Thirteenth Amendment

735

vice president 778

line-item veto 139, 433–

434, 567–568, 854c

living constitution 383,

434–436

lobbying and the First

Amendment 436–438

Lochner v. New York 438,

849c

Adkins v. Children’s

Hospital 12

Brandeis brief 79

Coppage v. Kansas 174

Dolan v. City of Tigard

202

due process 211–212

federalism 265

Ferguson v. Skrupa 269

Fuller Court 302

Harlan, John 343

liberty of contract 430

Marbury v. Madison 453

Muller v. Oregon 488,

489

Nebbia v. New York 504

West Coast Hotel v.

Parrish 803

Locke, John 127, 187,

438–440, 454, 502, 605

Locke v. Davey 440–441

Loretto v. Teleprompter

Manhattan CATV Corp.

228, 441–442

Loving v. Virginia 442–

443, 637

loyalty oaths 443, 499

Lujan v. Defenders of

Wildlife 444, 493, 695

LULAC v. Perry. See

League of United Latin

American Citizens v.

Perry

Luther v. Borden

332,

444

–

445, 606, 723

Lynch v. Donnelly 177,

277, 424, 445–446, 601

Madison, James 447–449,

448, 847c

Bill of Rights 57, 59

checks and balances 113

Civil War and the

Constitution, the 135

Constitutional

Convention 161

dormant commerce

clause 203

federalism 263

Federalist Papers

265–267

First Amendment 273

incorporation 371

Jefferson, Thomas

393–394

Marbury v. Madison

452, 453

Marshall Court 456

Ninth Amendment 512,

513

postal power 562

separation of powers

663

vi+904_EofUSConsti-v2.indd 888 3/20/09 2:19:47 PM

Index 889

Seventh Amendment

669

slavery and the

Constitution 682

Story, Joseph 705

Third Amendment 734

titles of nobility 739

Virginia Declaration of

Rights 780

welfare and the

Constitution 801

Madsen v. Women’s

Health Center, Inc. 410,

449–450

Magna Carta 450–451,

847c

Bill of Rights 57–58

due process 209

English Bill of Rights

235

McCreary County,

Kentucky v. American

Civil Liberties Union

462, 463

right to a speedy and

public trial 611

right to petition the gov-

ernment 618

Mann Act 451–452, 805

Marbury v. Madison 452–

453, 847c

Article III of the U.S.

Constitution 38

Cooper v. Aaron 173

federalism 264

Fletcher v. Peck 284

judicial review 396, 397

Judiciary Act of 1789

399–400

jurisdiction, power of

Congress to control

401

Madison, James 449

Marshall, John 454

Marshall Court 456

military and the

Constitution 468

Myers v. United States

494

original jurisdiction 529

supremacy clause 713

Ware v. Hylton 794

Marshall, John 453–455,

847c

American Indians and

the Constitution 28

Article III of the U.S.

Constitution 38

Barron v. Mayor and

City Council of

Baltimore 50

Bill of Rights 59

Cohens v. Virginia 142

Collector v. Day 146

contract clause 170, 171

Cooper v. Aaron 173

Dartmouth College v.

Woodward 186

diversity jurisdiction

201

Fletcher v. Peck 283

foreign affairs and the

Constitution 287

Gibbons v. Ogden 313

Hamilton, Alexander

340

intent of the framers

380

interstate commerce

385–386

Jefferson, Thomas 395

judicial review 396–

397

Judiciary Act of 1789

400

Marbury v. Madison

452, 453

McCulloch v. Maryland

463, 464

military and the

Constitution 468

Mistretta v. United

States 4

cessary and proper

clause 506

original jurisdiction 529

original package doc-

trine 530

police power 559

right against self-incrim-

ination 609

South Carolina v.

Katzenbach 689

Stone v. Powell 703

Story, Joseph 705

supremacy clause 713,

714

Taney Court 721, 722

United States v. Curtiss-

Wright Export Corp.

764

vice president 777

Marshall, Thurgood

Batson v. Kentucky 51

Bowsher v. Synar 76

capital punishment 104

City of Richmond v. J.

A. Croson Company

126–127

civil rights 129

Cohen v. California 143

cruel and unusual pun-

ishment 181

Employment Division v.

Smith 233

Furman v. Georgia 307

Gravel v. United States

326

Gregory v. Ashcroft 329

Harris v. McRae 345

intermediate level scru-

tiny test 382

Millikin v. Bradley 474

parades 536

peremptory challenges

550

Rehnquist Court 600

Shelley v. Kraemer 675

Stanley v. Georgia 697

Warren Court 796

Webster v. Reproductive

Health Services 800

Zobrest v. Catalina

Foothills School

District 816

Marshall Court 455–457

Dartmouth College v.

Woodward 186

Gibbons v. Ogden 313

Judiciary Act of 1789 400

Marshall, John 454

supremacy clause 713

Taney Court 721, 722

Marsh v. Alabama 457–

458, 677

Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee

456, 458–459, 705, 713,

848c

Mason, George 161, 163,

164, 447, 780, 781

Masson v. New Yorker

Magazine 459–460

McCain-Feingold act. See

Bipartisan Campaign

Finance Reform Act

McCleskey v. Kemp 460–

461, 563, 797

McConnell v. FEC 91, 261,

262, 461–462,

516, 855c

eary County,

Kentucky v. American

Civil Liberties Union

178, 462–463, 687, 727,

775, 855c

McCulloch v. Maryland

463–464, 848c

Collector v. Day 146

federalism 264

Hamilton, Alexander

340

House of

Representatives 359

intergovernmental tax

immunity 380, 381

Jefferson, Thomas 395

Marshall, John 454

Marshall Court 456

necessary and proper

clause 505, 506

Preamble to the

Constitution 565

Senate 658

supremacy clause 713

Megan’s law 464–466

Metro Broadcasting,

Inc. v. FCC 9, 14, 127,

466–467

Miami Herald v. Tornillo

300, 467

military and the

Constitution 36, 250–

251, 468, 468–469

Miller-El v. Cockrell

470–471

Miller v. California 471–

472, 853c

Ashcroft v. ACLU 40

book burning 71

child pornography 115

music censorship 491

obscenity 521, 522

United States v.

American Library

Association 759–760

Miller v. Johnson 472–

473

Millikin v. Bradley 473–

474, 647

minimum wage 849c, 850c

Adkins v. Children’s

Hospital 11–12

Alden v. Maine 18

commerce clause 150

Muller v. Oregon

488–489

National League of

Cities v. Usery 497,

498

United States v. Darby

Lumber Co. 764–765

West Coast Hotel v.

Parrish 803

vi+904_EofUSConsti-v2.indd 889 3/20/09 2:19:47 PM

890 Index

Minnesota v. Dickerson

474–475, 552, 704

Minor v. Happersett 475–

476, 622, 848c

Miranda rights 194–196,

240, 346, 619, 620, 741,

796

Miranda v. Arizona 476–

478, 852c

Burger, Warren E. 93

Dickerson v. United

States 194–196

Harlan, John Marshall

343

Harris v. New York 345

right against self-incrim-

ination 609, 610

right to counsel 615

right to remain silent

619, 620

torture and the

Constitution 741

Warren Court 796

Mississippi University for

Women v. Hogan 383,

478–479

Mississippi v. Johnson

479–480

Missouri Compromise

480–481, 848c

Dred Scott v. Sandford

208, 209

judicial review 397–398

Kansas-Nebraska Act

405, 406

Marbury v. Madison 453

Taney Court 723, 724

Missouri v. Holland 356,

481–482, 806

Missouri v. Jenkins 193,

374, 482–483

Mistretta v. United States

483–484, 661, 662, 762

Monell v. Department of

Social Services 484–485

monopolies. See antitrust

law

Montesquieu and the

Constitution 485–486

Morse v. Frederick 216,

486–487, 627, 710, 738,

855c

Mueller v. Allen 487–488,

652, 816

Muller v. Oregon 488–

489, 849c

Adkins v. Children’s

Hospital 11, 12

Brandeis brief 78, 79

federalism 264

Fuller Court 303

West Coast Hotel v.

Parrish 803

Munn v. Illinois 271,

489–491,

509, 848c

sic censorship 491–

492

Muskrat v. United States

492–493

Myers v. United States

361, 493–494, 718, 730

National Endowment for

the Arts v. Finley 495–

496, 692

National Labor Relations

Act (NLRA). See Wagner

Act

National Labor Relations

Board v. Jones and

Laughlin Steel Corp.

496–497, 850c

commerce clause 150

interstate commerce

386

labor unions 418

Wagner Act 789, 790

Wickard v. Filburn 808

National League of Cities

v. Usery 309, 497–498

national security and the

Constitution 49, 337,

498–501, 500, 764

Native Americans. See

American Indians and the

Constitution

natural law 63, 168, 210,

501–503, 637, 681–682,

736

Near v. Minnesota 279,

300, 503, 849c–850c

Nebbia v. New York

503–504

Nebraska Press Association

v. Stuart 255, 256,

504–505

necessary and proper

clause 505–506

Constitutional

Convention 163

Hamilton, Alexander

340

Marshall, John 454

Marshall Court 456

McCulloch v. Maryland

463

Missouri v. Holland 482

Printz v. United States

574

supremacy clause 713

neutral principles 72, 164,

506–507

New Deal

Carter v. Carter Coal

Company 107–108

commerce clause

149–150

Constitution in exile

166–167

due process 212

interstate commerce 386

Panama Reﬁ ning Co. v.

Ryan 534–535

regulatory taking 598

Schechter Poultry

Corporation v. United

States 643–644

Stone, Harlan Fiske 701

United States v. Darby

Lumber Co. 765

Wagner Act 789–790

welfare and the

Constitution 802

Wickard v. Filburn 808

New Jersey Plan 160, 163,

507–508, 591

New Jersey v. T.L.O. 216,

508–509

New State Ice Co. v.

Liebmann 50

–510

New York Times v. Sullivan

510–511, 852c

Beauharnais v. Illinois

Brennan, William J., Jr.

83–84

defamation 190

First Amendment

279–280

freedom of the press

301

Masson v. New Yorker

Magazine 459

seditious libel 656

Nineteenth Amendment

511–512, 844, 849c

Adkins v. Children’s

Hospital 12

amending the

Constitution 24

Minor v. Happersett

476

right to vote 622, 624

Seneca Falls Resolution

659, 660

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady

697

Ninth Amendment 512–

513, 839, 841

Bill of Rights 59

Bowers v. Hardwick 74

civil liberties 128

Griswold v. Connecticut

331

incorporation 373

natural law 502

obscenity 520

privacy 576, 577

Roe v. Wade 627

Nixon, Richard 513–515,

769, 853c

Bork, Robert H. 72

Burger, Warren E. 93,

campaign ﬁ nance 100

commander in chief

147

Douglas, William O.

207

impeachment 369

impoundment 370

national security and the

Constitution 499

Powell, Lewis Franklin,

Jr. 563

presidential pardoning

power 569

Rehnquist, William

Hubbs 599

Rehnquist Court 600

treaty 744

Twenty-ﬁ fth

Amendment 747

United States v. Nixon

768–769

vice president 778

War Powers Act 792

Warren Court 794, 795

Nixon v. Shrink Missouri

Government PAC

515–516

NLRA (National Labor

Relations Act). See

Wagner Act

Northwest Ordinance 481,

516–517, 651, 847c

nude dancing 279, 517–

518, 771

Nulliﬁ

cation Controversy

, 400, 518–519, 565

vi+904_EofUSConsti-v2.indd 890 3/20/09 2:19:47 PM

Index 891

obscenity 520–522, 851c,

853c

Ashcroft v. ACLU 39

Chaplinsky v. New

Hampshire 109

child pornography 115,

116

Cohen v. California 143

Communications

Decency Act 154

Federal

Communications

Commission v. Paciﬁ ca

Foundation 259

gay and lesbian rights

310

Jacobellis v. Ohio 390

Miller v. California 471

music censorship 491,

492

Roth v. U. S. 632

Stanley v. Georgia 697

United States v.

American Library

Association 759–760

O’Connor, Sandra Day

522–524, 523, 853c,

855c

Adarand Constructors,

Inc. v. Peña 9, 10

afﬁ rmative action 14

Buckley v. American

Constitutional Law

Foundation 90

City of Boerne v. Flores

122

City of Cuyahoga Falls,

Ohio, et al. v. Buckeye

Community Hope

Foundation, et al. 123

City of Los Angeles v.

Alameda Books, Inc.

125

City of Richmond v. J. A.

Croson Company 126

cross burning 180

eminent domain 229

Employment Division v.

Smith 232, 233

equal protection 240

Ewing v. California 245

federalism 263

44 Liquormart v. Rhode

Island 290

Gonzales, Attorney

General v. Carhart

321

Granholm v. Heald 324

Gratz v. Bollinger 325

Gregg v. Georgia 328

Gregory v. Ashcroft

329

Grutter v. Bollinger 331

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld 338,

339

Hodgson v. Minnesota

355

intermediate level scru-

tiny test 383

Kelo v. City of New

London

408, 409

Ken

edy, Anthony M.

409

Kimel v. Florida Board

of Regents 412

Lawrence v. Texas 421

Lebron v. National

Railroad Passenger

Corporation 423

military and the

Constitution 469

Miller v. Johnson 473

minority ownership 467

Mississippi University

for Women v. Hogan

479

Missouri v. Jenkins 483

Mistretta v. United

States 484

Mueller v. Allen 487

National Endowment for

the Arts v. Finley 495

overbreadth doctrine

532

parental notiﬁ cation and

abortion 537

Penry v. Lynaugh 547,

548

Planned Parenthood v.

Casey 553

Rehnquist Court 600

religious displays on

public property

601–602

Ring v. Arizona 624

Roberts Court 626–627

Rosenberger v.

University of Virginia

630

Rumsfeld v. Padilla 634

September 11th attacks

and the Constitution

666

Shaw v. Reno 671–672

Sixth Amendment 679

Smith v. City of Jackson

686

South Dakota v. Dole

690

speech and government

funding 692

student activity fees 708

Turner Broadcasting

System v. Federal

Communications

Commission 745

undue burden standard

754

United States v.

American Library

Association 759

void for vagueness doc-

trine 783

Webster v. Reproductive

Health Services 800

Zelman v. Simmons-

Harris 815

Ogden v. Saunders 524–

525

Olmstead v. United States

525–526, 718, 808

one person, one vote 526–

529, 852c

Avery v. Midland

County 42

Colegrove v. Green 145

House of

Representatives 358

partisan gerrymander-

ing 539

redistricting and reap-

rtionment 595

Reynolds v. Sims 607

right to vote 622–623

organized labor. See labor

unions

originalism. See intent of

the framers

original jurisdiction

529–530

American Indians and

the Constitution

27–28

Article III of the U.S.

Constitution 37–39

Chisholm v. Georgia 118

diversity jurisdiction 201

Eleventh Amendment

225

Ellsworth Court 226

jurisdiction, power of

Congress to control

400

Marbury v. Madison

453

Marshall Court 456

Smith v. Allwright 684

South Carolina v.

Katzenbach 688

original package doctrine

530–531

overbreadth doctrine

85–86, 531–532

Paciﬁ c Gas & Electric

Company v. State Energy

Resources Conservation

and Development

Commission 533–534

Palko v. State of

Connecticut 7, 74, 307,

534, 810, 850c

Panama Reﬁ ning Co. v.

Ryan 534–535, 643, 763

parades 363–365, 535–

536

parental notiﬁ cation and

abortion 355–356,

536–538

Parker v. Brown 538–539

parochial schools. See reli-

gious schools

partisan gerrymandering

422, 539–541, 595–596

patents 359, 383, 541–542

PATRIOT Act 542–544,

854c

American Civil Liberties

Union 25

Foreign Intelligence

Surveillance Act of

1978 289, 290

Fourth Amendment 295

privacy 578

September 11th attacks

and the Constitution

664

Youngstown Sheet &

Tube v. Sawyer 813

Payne v. Tennessee 544–

545

Penn, William 545,

545–546

Pennsylvania v. Nelson

546–547

Penry v. Lynaugh 41,

547–548

people with disabilities

548–549, 558, 728–729

vi+904_EofUSConsti-v2.indd 891 3/20/09 2:19:48 PM