Болсуновская Л.М., Абрамова Р.Н., Матвеенко И.А. (ред.) Petroleum engineering. Teachers book. Нефтегазовое дело. Книга для учителя
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UNIT 3
RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES
Lead-in. T. elicits the ideas from the students as they suggest things
connected with Reservoir rock properties and make collective mind map
(spidergram) on the board as the ideas are suggested, so that they can see
how T. draws out the aspects of the topic. The reasoning behind mind map is
that Ss do not think in an ordered or linear way, but rather explore a topic by
moving between its various aspects.
Exercise 3. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Сorrect
according to the text.
1. F.
2. T.
3. F.
4. F.
5. T.
6. T.
7. T.
8. F.
Exercise 8. Give Russian equivalents to the following English ones.
Слои глины и сланца
Поток флюида
Герметически закупоренная углеводородная ловушка
Уплотнённые непроницаемые сланцы
Рыхлые, мелко – зернистые осадки
Из осадков, расположенных глубже
Уменьшение пористости
Увеличение массы
Зёрна крепко сжаты друг с другом (спрессованы)
Более плотное образование
Сильно отличаются
Внутри границ большой поры
Через сужение поровой горловины
На входе в породу пласта
Согласно плотности (по плотности)
Смоляная яма.
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Exercise 12. Put a preposition into the following gaps.
1. in
2. from, to
3. after, through
4. of, until, due to
5. of, in, in
6. at, of
7. to, of
Exercise15. Find the synonyms to the following terms.
Pore space – void space
Effective porosity – intercommunicating
Primary porosity – matrix
Intergranular – interparticle
Secondary porosity – induced
Sorting – gradation of grains
Absolute porosity – total
Grain size – sphere diameter
Exercise 19. Find the words to the following definitions and translate them
into Russian.
Permeability
to flow through interconnected pores
Size distribution
sorting
Standard
mathematical tools
a fluid flow equation
Water
a single fluid
Primary
matrix permeability
Increase
to grow
Transportation
movement
low permeability
value reservoir
“tight” reservoirs
Sedimentary rock
a rock formed from material derived from pre-
existing rocks by the accumulation and
cementation of mineral grains transported by
wind, water, or ice to the site of deposition or by
chemical precipitation at the depositional site.
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Sandstone
a medium – grained clastic rock formed from
sand on a beach, in a river bed or in a desert.
Hydrocarbons
chemical compounds formed only of carbon and
hydrogen.
Capillary pressure
the difference in pressure between two
immiscible fluids across a curved interface at
equilibrium
Secondary porosity
induced porosity
Lithification
hardening
Exercise 20. Match the word phrases in the left column with the word
phrases in the right. Find them in the text and check. Give Russian
equivalent to the English ones.
1. a fluid flow – e
2. the degree – g
3. the ratio – b
4. large and flat – a
5. reservoirs – c
6. the location – f
7. both permeability and porosity – d
Exercise 21. Fill in the gaps with the missing words.
1. reservoir
2. petroleum
3. pores
4. clay
5. water
6. primary
7. matrix
8. secondary
9. reduce
10. increase
11. tight
12. magnitude
13. cementation
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Exercise 26. Read the sentences and decide whether they are True (T) or
False (F).
1. F.
2. F.
3. T.
4. F.
5. F.
6. T.
Exercise 28. Complete the sentences using the terms of the text.
1. wettability, to wet
2. fractional, spotted, heterogeneous
3. Fractional
4. mixed, invade, brine
5. electrostatic forces
6. preferentially, imbibe, displacing
7. ruptures
8. core
Exercise 31.
Listening. You will hear a Lecture “The Science behind
the Drilling for Oil and Energy Exploration”. Do the exercises after.
The Science behind the Drilling for Oil and Energy Exploration
It’s buried deep within the faults of the Earth, thousands of feet
underground or far beneath the ocean floor. And sometimes there is not a
single clue above the ground of what might lie below. Finding packets of
oil and natural gas under layers and layers of solid rock beneath the ocean
floor has always been a challenge.
But through a combination of scientific expertise in a kind of advanced
technology NASA uses to explore outer space. We are solving the
mystery. Electronic sensors, peering the Earth, measuring natural activity
and electronic and magnetic response. Then, being the data, via satellite
back to the surface. The collecting data is only half the story.
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Taking full advantage of the latest events is in computer power.
Geoscientists integrate the information into increasingly sophisticated
looks – it what waits down below.
But the proof is in the physical evidence – the smell of oil, the essence of
natural gas, the energy that powers our world.
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UNIT 4
FORMATION EVALUATION
Lead-in. T. elicits the ideas from the students as they suggest things
connected with Formation evaluation and make collective mind map
(spidergram) on the board as the ideas are suggested, so that they can see
how T. draws out the aspects of the topic. The reasoning behind mind map is
that Ss do not think in an ordered or linear way, but rather explore a topic by
moving between its various aspects.
This activity will prepare Ss to work with the topic of the Unit 4.
Formation evaluation tools
Tools to detect oil and gas have been evolving for over a century.
The simplest and most direct tool is well cuttings examination.
Mud logging
Mud logging is a well logging process in which drilling mud and drill bit
cuttings from the formation are evaluated during drilling and their properties
recorded on a strip chart as a visual analytical tool and stratigraphic cross
sectional representation of the well.
Coring – is the central and most important part of anything. In the oil and gas
industry it may be defined as “the cutting and removal of a cylindrical sample
of rock from the well bore.”
Exercise 8. Complete the sentences using the text terminology.
1. acoustic velocity, conductivity, resistivity
2. drilling mud
3. gamma-ray logs
4. acoustic logs
5. density log
6. induction electrical logs
7. velocity
8. sonde, drilling mud
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Exercise 15. Give synonyms to the following words.
oil pools – oil sands
deposits of petroleum – underground lakes
drive – force
push through – force through
exist – occur
help – assist
part – portion
need – require
make – create
extraction – production – recovery
uncontrolled pressure well – gusher
decrease – drop
Exercise 17. State whether the following statements are true or false.
Correct the false ones.
1. T.
2. F.
3. T.
4. F.
5. F.
6. F.
7. T.
8. F.
Exercise 20.
Listening. You will hear a part of a lecture on Petroleum
Products.
Petroleum Products
The story ends here, at the pump or here, in your home or in skies
overhead. It ends with oil and natural gas products. They give us the
personal mobility, comfort and security, that are fundamental to the
quality of our lives and to the growth of our economy. True technology
and innovation, America’s oil and natural gas producers will continue to
be a reliable source. For the fuels – they keep our nation moving forward,
for the electricity – that keeps our homes and working places warm in
winter and cool in summer, for the chemicals – they contribute to the
manufacture of everything from medicines to clothing and footwear, to
home building and furnishers, to soft drink and packaging, to the latest
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computers and microchips. Technology and a “know – how” to use it
effectively enable us to achieve the goal at the heart of this remarkable
adventure, providing oil and natural gas products where they are needed,
when they are needed every single day.
a) For statements 1–7 complete the notes that summarize what the
speaker says. You will need to write a word or a short phrase in each
box.
1. Oil and natural gas products give us.
2. will continue to be
a reliable source.
3. The electricity – warm in winter
and cool in summer.
4. – they contribute to the manufacture of everything from
medicines to clothing and .
5. To the latest computers and
6. Technology provides us with .
7. It provides us with them
Answers:
1. the personal mobility, comfort and security
2. true technology and innovation, America’s oil and natural gas
producers
3. that keeps our homes and working places
4. The chemicals, footwear
5. microchips
6. oil and natural gas products
7. every single day
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Chapter 3
DRILLING
Т.В. Васильченко
Т.В. Бочарова
Unit 1
LIFE OF A WELL
Lead in. T. elicits the ideas from the students as they suggest things
connected with Life of a well and make collective mind map on the board as
the ideas are suggested, so that they can see how T. draws out the aspects of
the topic.
Answers:
Planning
Drilling
Completion
Production
Abandonment
Exercise 6. Find Russian equivalents to the English terms.
1. l
2. h
3. m
4. o
5. i
6. b
7. c
8. g
9. n
10. d
11. e
12. k
13. j
14. a
15. f
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Exercise 7. Match the term with its synonym.
Repair work
Failure
Subsoil
Pulling units
Side
Elimination
Pipe
Raise, lift
To tie, to fix
Drip, ooze
remedial work
washout
subsurface
workover rigs
lateral
removal
tubular
hoist
to secure
leak
Exercise 8. Match the words in the right column with the definitions in the
left one.
1. – b
2. – f
3. – a
4. – i
5. – h
6. – g
7. – e
8. – d
9. – c
Exercise 9. Compose collocations from the following words.
drilling rig
flow path
recoverable oil
artificial methods
depleted field
production zone
drill bit
steel pipe
steam flooding
secondary recovery
reservoir rock