Krippes A. Karl. Kazakh grammar with affix list

Kazakh

Grammar

with

Affix

Ust

2.0.3

Accusative

* H

LI

/(possess

i

ve

accusative

*R ); indefinite

accusative

(s

ame

as

nominative):

recipient

of

an action

or

direct object

of

a transitive verb,

e.g.

a1KeM·.z:ti

Kepin

seeing

my elder s1ster (definite accusative)

aJKeM-e

>K~p.z:teM

6epin

helping

my

elder

sister (indefinite accusative)

6ar.z:tapnaM3Chi·H 1K83hln writing their program (definite accusative)

6ipaeme

KeKeaic

C8Thiil

any

to

buy~

vegetables (indefinite accusative)

2.0.4

Dative

* r

AI(

possessive

dative

*1>

1 H A

):

indirect object. goal

of

action

or

verbs

of

motion, instrumentality, e.g.

}KaM6Ltn-

ra

K,apail

3TTaBAJ>IK,.

We

set out toward Jarnbul.

)KaM6biJJ

K,anachl·Ba

K,apa.A

8TT8.B,tth1Jt,

. We

set

out toward the

city

of

Jambul.

V3a.K,K.a

C03

biJll'aH

cecciDI a session which lasted a long time

COK,K,biFa 1KhlK.K,aB knocked down by the blows

2.0.5

Locative

*JJ;A (possessive locative: *HJJ;A ): location

of

a state

or

process. time

expressions, e.g.

AnM8Tbt-.z:ta

TfpaMhiB

. I live in Almaty.

AnMaTbl K,anaci.I-H,I{a

TVP8Mbm

. I

Hve

m the

city

of

Ahruuy.

Meu

JCVl:l

·.z:te

HaB

>KeifMiH.

I eat bread every day.

14

Kazakh

Grammar

with Affix

Ust

2.0.6

Ablative

* H

AH:

location

of

an action, action

direc

ted away from a goal;

degrees

of

com

parison:

cause

or

reason; by means

of

;

object

of

ao

antransitive verb, e.g.

AnM8Tbi·.z:t8R Ke.nreR

MI.IP38

the

gentleman who came (rom Almaty

On Me-BeB

8K,Ill3Cl>I

Ken He has more

money~

MXK,

-

Hi:u,

K,bJ3MeTKepnepi-BeB 6acx,a emxiM no one otber than KGB officers

3KOHOMBX8nhiK,

,I{8FA8Ph1C·T8R

because

of

the econom1c

k.tiW

Btan:Fau MeniMeT 6epy-AeR

6ac

Taptbm

by denying

having

given false

i

nformation

••Note

that

although most Kazakh grammars

give

*

,nA.H

as

the

ablative case. this

form

allows

for

the

application

or

the

same

assimilation

rules

as

the

aceusauve.

2.0.7

Instrumenta

l

The

instrumental case has

the

canonical shape *

MER

,

and

obeys the

same

co

nsonantal assimilation rules as other affixes having initial M·.

For example,

e3

Ke3iii.MeH Kepy to see with your own eyes versus

e3

K93i.Mi36eu Keprea6i3

we

have seen

wirh

our

ow11

eyes.

The

three syntactic functions

of

the instrumental

case

in

order

of

frequency

of

usage arc: 1.) as a conjunction and for noun!i and verbs,

2.)

a true instrumental

with

or

according to for nouns, 3 .) the indirect

object

of

certain verbs

And/in addition to

•

Nouns

Kon6HB

MeB

o~

1\V'AbtplilldK,Tapw

Kolbin

and

his hangers-on

caK,IIDdJlap

MeH

lC}'PC8ln'Tap

15

Kazakh Grammar with Affix List

militia

men

and

cadets

).".leMOKpaTWI

MeH

:mapWUihUibiK,

democracy

and

glasnost

VJIJ.I3PLI

MeH

K;J>I3J.Iap&I

their

sons

and

daughters

•

Introducing

verbs

in

subordinate

clauses

Con

VJThi

O]\Hf'aFa ... Jiaii:biK,Tbi 6aFa 6epfMeH

~aTap

in

addition

to

properly

assessing ... that

awesome

incident

.D;ereHMeH

however

(Ht.

with

what was said)

Instrumental/

Adverbial

•

With

coH:biJIMeH

VPblll

beatine

with a

club

om.~

aT&m

aJIT&m

apiimea

JKa3ca~

a63aJJ

we

ought

to write his

name

in.

golden

kllw

CHpeK

Ke3neceTiH

1Kb1.11AaMJtl>IR,

nea

acblFbicn.m,.

We

hurried along

ID1ll.

unusual

swiftness

93

3Vl>I3A3pbiMeH

MOH:hnQ:l.ay

to

admit

wjth his

own

words

•

According

to/

by

... 60-biHIIIbt :maae 65-i.Hmi 6arrrapMeH

~apaJJam.m

IIIhlf'bm

JKaTTbi.

[The

case]

is

being

reviewed

jn

accordance

with

the

60th

and

65th

statutes

...

6yiip&IK,DeH

by

order

of

16

Kazakh Grammar with Affix List

Governed

by

certain

verbs

COHJ.Ibi~Taa

na

H<a3~CI>I3

~vp6aB.I(b~Tbi

6aTLipnbiK.nea

aJIMaCTblpyFa

6oJIMaii,D;b

l

Innocent

martyrdom

should

not

be replaced

by

heroism.

oap~

lKaH-JKancap&IMeH

Tam.ICTb~

we

became

famj}jar

.l:titll.

the entire

situation

KOMMepqiDI.JihiK.

iCTepMeH

IIIVJ'blJIJ.Iam.ID

being

engaged

in.

commercial

activities

3.0

Pronouns

substitute

for

nouns

and

take

the

same

case

affixes.

There

are

seven

basic

kinds

of

pronouns

in

Kazakh,

which

are

explained

be

l

ow.

In

the

seco

nd person, there are

two

sets

of

pronouns

(informal

and

formal). Informal is for a close

or

intimate

friend

or

someone

younger

than

the

speaker.

Formal

is

for

persons

older

than the

speaker

or

having

a

higher

social status.

Tab

le 3.0.1

Possessive

Pronominal

Affixes

sing

ul

ar

person

plural

-*M

1

-*Mb13

-*H

2

-*H.AAP

(informal)

-*Hbl3

2

-*H.b

13AAP (fonnal)

-*(C)b

l 3

- *

(C)bl.JIAP

17

Kazakh Grammar with Affix List

Table

3.0.2

Possessive

Pronouns

Po

ssessive pronouns correspond to Enghsh my, your, etc.

si

ngular

per

son

plural

MCH~

1

6i3A~

my

our

ceBiH,

2

ceHAep,ldB.

(informal)

your

ci3~

2

ci3AcPAiH. (formal)

your

om.m.

3

OJiapAJ>m

h 1

s/her/r

IS

the

1r

A second

group

of

personal pronouns can

substitute

for oouo

phrases and

tnke case affixes as do nouns. These correspond to English

mine, yours, hers etc.

singu

lar

p

erson

plural

MeHi.Ki

I

6i3~

m1ne

ou

rs

ceHiKi

2

CCHAcp.ttixi

yours

d3Aitd

2

ci3Aep.ttixi

yours

oaiKi

3

onap)li.K:i

h1~/her!J1S

their

s

When affixed to nouns. they signify X's

or

that which belongs to X,

*HIKJ

(Hild/.D.iKi/Titd).

Also note e3bl.l{iK one's own

18

Kazakh Grammar with Affix List

Tab

le

3.0.3

Per

so

nal

Pronoun

s

The

se

take the same case affixes

as

nouns and anclude the reflextve

and reciprocal pronouns.

singular

person

pl

ur

al

MeR

1

613

t

we

ceo

2

CCHACP

you

(In

f

ormal)

you

cb

Ci3Aep

(forma

l)

you

on

3

onap

he/she/it

thev

There are, however, morphological irregularities

in

the declension

of

pronoun, i.e.

MeH

CCH

on

gen.

'teuia

CC

II

Ill. OUb

lll

mv

your

h1s/her/its

dat.

~tarau

car

au

or

au

to

me

to

you

tO

h1m/ber/it

ace.

r.~eui

ceui

OHbl

me

you

h 1

m/ber/1t

abl.

~teHeH

CC

HCII

O;ta

H

from

me

from you

from

h1m/herlit

Joe

.

Men~e

ce

u.ae

OHAa

on

me

OD you on

h1mlher/it

19

Kazakh Grammar with Affix List

Table

3.1 Reflexive

Pronoun

s

The reflexive pronouns are declined like other pronouns, e.g.

eJ

i

Mi3.Qi

H.

of

ourselves,

eJiM.Qi

myself

[ace.).

si

ngular

person

plural

esiM

1

83iMi3

myself

ourselves

83~

2

83_AepiH.

(

informa

l)

yourself

you

rse I ves

83i.R,i3

2

83.AepiH,is

(formal)

yourself

yourselves

83i

3

83.Aepi

him/her/itself

themselves

3.2

R

eciprocal

Pronouns

The

Reciprocal Pronouns each other, one another refer to a

previously mentioned subject.

6ip-6ipiuiH.

[gen.)

of

each other

. 6ip-6

ipiH

[ace.] each other

6ip

·

6ipiHe/6ipiH~ipiHe

[dat.) to each other

16ip·6ipiHeH

[abl.] from each other

Kazakh Grammar with Affix List

3.3

Predicative

Pronominal

Affixes

In

the absence

of

a present tense form

of

the verb "to be" in English,

Kazakb adds predicative pronominal affixes to nouns

or

adjectives

to

express a state

of

being, e.g.

ay.AapMamhi·MhiH "I

am

a translator

,"

K,f3H

biWTbi

"'happy~>

K,yaRblWTbl·MbiH

"I

am

happy.'"

In

order to simplify the rules for forming the various verb tenses,

the two types

of

predjcative pronominal affixes will be abbreviatiated

as IIa (Present/Future Tense) and

Ilb

(Simple Past). For example,

eAi

··was/were•·

is

conjugated with

lib.

Tab

le 3.3.1

Present/Future

Pronominals

(IIa)

si

ngular

person

plural

*Mbm

1 *ML13

*Cb~

2

*Cb~

(i

nformal)

*Cb13 2

*Ch

13~

(fo

rmal)

*W>I

3

*,Ub

i

Tab

le 3.3.2 Simple Past

Pronominals

(

lib

)

s

ingular

person

plural

*M

1

*K

*b~

2

*~

(i

nformal

)

*

Hbi3

2

*Hbl3J].AP

I

(fo

rmal)

*,Ubi 3

*,Ubi

20

21

Kazakh Grammar with Affix List

Tabl

e 3.4 De

monstrativ

e

Pronoun

s

Demonstrative pronouns, corresponding to EngJjsh "this. that",

have

an

irregular paradigm:

6

)YJJ

this

OCbl

this one

con

that on e

_gen.

6yUbHL-

MYHbtH_

OCb

iH

bHL

CO

R

bill

dat.

6yraH

OCbifaH

cora

H

ace.

6¥Hbl

- M¥Hbl

OCbiHbl

CO

Rbl

abl.

6y.uaH

OCb!JlaH

co.naR

/co

nan

loc.

6yH.na -

MYH.Qa

OCbiHJla COifJla

inst.

6yRbtMe

H -

OCb

i

MeH

COHb

JM

eH

MVHbiMeH

We

may also include with this class

of

pronouns

aHay/~He

that here,

Mb!Hay

this here.

CO

Ra

y that over there,

Mine

hue

(take this!),

and

pronouns

of

manner OCbiJJati that way,

6ynaj;j

thus, this way,

6btnai:i

thus,

this way,

6b

t

nawwa

in

that way ·

22

Kazakh Grammar with Affix

list

3.4.1 De

monstrativ

e

Pronominal

Adjectives

These are derived from demonstrative pronouns and quaJjfy a noun, e.g.

such

as

that/this

6VHAaii

like this <=

MYJI~aH

>

MbiHa..a;aH

such, one such, such

as

this

ocw~aH

such as

rhat

co~aif

one such

cou.o;

aA-ax. this very one

Ta

ble 3.5

Int

e

rrogativ

e

Pronoun

s

These correspond to English who? what? where?

Mo

st

take case affixes

as do nouns.

KiM

who?

K,

8H

which?

K,aHCbl

wbicb?

K,aHCbiCbi

which one?

K,aH

1K3K,K,a

to

where?

K,aii

1K3K,Ta

at,

in where?

K,aH

JKep.neH

from

where?

K,aH.na

where?

K,aii,naH

from

where?

K,aH,naii

what kind?

K,amaH

when?

23

K,aJiaH

bow?

R;aJiaiima

how,

in which

fashion;

for

what

reason?

He

what?

Here

why?

Hen.m

(co

lloq)

why,

for

what

reason

<=

HaFbiii>

HeTKeH

what lcind?

Heme how much,

many?

HemiHmi which

one

(in a

series)?

Hemey how much

(of

it).

bow

many

(of

them)?

Kazakh Grammar with

AHax

Ust

------------------------

Table

3.6.

Indefinite

Pronouns

6aF3bl

some. c:erwn

6ip,lle

Me

$Omethmg.

anyllung:

someone. anyone

<=

6ipAeae:.

6ipAe~e

somethtna.

anythtng, someone. anyone

<=

6ip,lleMe:>

6ipey

anyone. someone

am~e~~ail

"'hu:hever

an,lleK,atn8H

whenever

3JJAeHe

whatever

a~e

ueme

~vera!.

some. a

few

an,lleHemey several. some. a

few

an,llex,aama however much

AaHe~e

anythtna. nothing

<-

AC.HeMe>

em none. any. not < ..

hem

>

em6ip any, none. no

eD.IK,8UA8 anywher

e.

nowhere

<•

eWJKep,lle>

eiJil(,aHCb

l

Cbl

an)·one. anyone

whosoever

ew~8RA8H

no ktnd

ewx.iJ,t no one

eiOBapce

/

eWTe~e

nothmg

ennKep,lle nowhere

emK,aman never

emlKaK.~a

to nowhere

24

tteu6ip

someone in particular

KeA:6ipey

someone

tn

pantcular

<•

Keii6ip>

KiM

AC

6o.nca

whoever it may

be

K.8RA8HAblP

6ip

any one kind

K.8ilCbl

6ip

anyone

x.aAcb16ipey

someone.

IO)ODC

<•

KCH6ipey t

uA6ipey>

K,B.llcl>J6

ip

yaK,bl'ITa

anyume

nanea any, one such. one

certatn

h

em

(dtal) none, any. not

<-

em>

he

iiiltiM anyone, no one

<•

Cmx:iM

>

Kazaktl Grammar with AffiX

Ust

Table

3.7

Definite

Pronoun

s

Like

other

kinds

of

pr

ono

uns,

the

se refer to previously mentioned

nouns, and

so

must

be

declined like the nouns they replace,

e.g

ap

every

ap

CSac~a

every other

ap

6acKama

every other

v.-a)

ap6ip

each one

gpCSipey

anyone. everyone

ap6ipiae

to each one

apKiM

everyone

apKI

Mai

~

of

everyone

ap

lt,&HC

bJ

each

kind

llpK,8BA8ii

every

ktnd, any

lund

gp

K,

aHW8

all. any (amount)

apK,8

W8H

every time

K8pim'ea/tte3 KenreH every,

eac:h

baMa.B

(dtall

alwayl,

every

ume

<=

apUWa.H>

hap

eac:h

every

<•

3P

>

bapx.iM everyone,

e\erybody

.:.a

pKiM>

hapK,amaa (colloq) every

ume. anyume

<•

apK.8

W8B

>

6ap1IhiK,

all, everythmg.

toulhty:

6a

pnb1Fbl

all

of

11

6apma all. enure. everything

6apliibiJib1K. everythtng.

manifold

6a

pl all

of

(of

it I them) 6api, 6apini.l\ [gen.].

6apia

[ace.].,

6apiae

[ dat.],

6apiHeH

[abl.], 6apiRAe [loc.]

4.0 Pos

tpo

sitions

Postposittons

are

a

syntactic

class

which

overlaps

morphologically

wath

other

parts

of

speech. Although daffereot

grammars

may

disagree

about

how

many

ther

e

are

in

Kazakh,

only

those

recognized

as

postpositions

in

major

Kazakh grammars

are

listed here.

They

may be

div

id

ed

into

three basic

classes:

those whi

ch

govern

the

nominative

case. those which govern

other

cases

on

the noun (

a.e

. dattve, locative,

ab

lative),

tho

se which themselves take case affixes.

The

first class

ma

y

be

subdivided

into

Lhose

which

govern

a

si

ngle

case

aff

ix

on

the

pr

ecedi

ng noun, and those which

do

ooL

2S

Kazakh Grammar with Affix Ust

Table

4.0.1

Postposition

s which

Govern

the

Nominative

Case

4.0.2

apK,blnbl

by means of, throuab

60iibJH,IJ.a along, through

6ypb1B

before. ago

lK6BiHP.e/

Typanbi

about. conccmmg

M8K.C8ThlHP.8

for the purpose

of

C8HblH

every

ymia

for (the benefit of), m order

xaK.bmJia about. conc:emmR

Po

s

tpo

s

ltlon

s which

Govern

Other

Cases

Tab

le 4.0.2.1

The

Dative * r A

apnanrau

intended for

6oAb

iRW8

by, per, according to

FVJ)nbi

lik

e.

similar

to

<•

x,ypnr.I>

p,eAin

until. up to.

as

far

as

<•

weAl

a>

K.aparaap,a

accordana

to

K;apail toward

~oapaMaA

/

~t,apar.tacTaB

regardless. despite

K,apc&J

anti·,

ag11nst. contra

caihtec accordingly.

tn

accordance with, conforming

to

TaM3H lldC.

dJteCUOn

meiiin until, up to.

•~

f

ar

b

<•

p,eiiia>

inrepi

forward, ahead

26

Kazakh Grammar with

AffiX

Llat

Table

4.0.2.2

Tbe

Ablative * H A H

6acK,a

bes1des, except

6acTao

/

Tapnm

from (a

ume

): begmning

w1th

6epi

s1nce

repi

m comparison with

(1-

albauve)

KeAiH

after. afterwards. later

COB. after, afterw

ard

s.

then

COB.bJP8 after, afterwards. then

CbipTK,aphl

beyond. outs1de

TbJCK.8Pbl

on

the

extenor. on the outs1de

Table

4.0.2.3

The

Genitive *H

bl

H.

an,IJ.bJB,D.a

in front: in the presence

of

apac&IH,IJ.a among

apTbiM8

behind

8CTbl beneath I below it;

8CTb188H from under;

8CTblH,IJ.8

lK8HbiH,IJ.8

Ke3iume

beneath, downstairs; under, underneath

about. concerning

in

the presence (of)

K6J1JICHC8,

ICTOSS. over

KenJieoeR,iBeu from

ICTOSs,

from

o~er

K,ac

cl~e.

near

naTBJKeci.HP.e

as a result

of

oiKipiume

1n

the

op

mi

on of. accordmg to

peTiu,IJ.e through, by means

of

Tf

C

biB,IJ.3

side, direcuon

TVC-TfCbiBaB

from all around, from all over

ycria

p,e

above

imiu

p,e

w1tbin. mside

27

Kazakh Grammar with Affix List

4.1

Adjectival/

Adverbial

Class

Adjectives have a dual syntactic role, functioning both as adjectives

and adverbs. There are two types

of

adjectives, simple (i.e. underived

and morphologically unmarked, e.g. colors and numbers) and derived

(i.e. derived from nouns or verbs).

Table

4.1.1

Simple

Adjectives

aK.

white; honest

a

H.,

ran

unwise

aH..K.ay

naive

apbiK.

lean

acK.aH

eminent

aybtp heavy; severe

alllbiK.

open

6a11y

slow

6epiH

solid, frrm

6yJbiK.

corrupt

J(ypbiC

correct

ereMeH sovereign

maK.Cbi

good, fme

maK,biH

mana

H.

manraH

near

alone; bare

false

ma11..a

new

meH..iJI

easy, light

moMapT

generous

30P.

huge

H;)pl

old (person)

HeHeT

sudden

Hecen sick

K.a3aK.

Kazakh

28

K.aJibiH..

thick, dense

K.apa black, dark

K.aTTbi

hard, harsh

K.bi3biK.

interesting

HilllHeHTatl

quite small

eTHip sharp

p113a

content

CMpeH

sparse

Tyren

whole, entire

CYbllf.

cold

ytlrbtp

Uighur

Tally nearby

Te3

quick

Tell.

equal

TOJibiK,

full

Thill.

untilled

ycaK.

minced

lllYfbiJI urgent

Kazakh Grammar with Affix List

4.1.2

Derived

Adjectives

The following is a list of adjectival derivational affixes for nouns,

with examples following each. The Persian and Arabo-Persian (except

-H)

nominal affixes are not included because they are fossilized forms.

Table

4.1.2.1

Adjectival

Derivational

Affixes

-*JThiK:

-*JThl:

~IK,Tbll!;

juridical

MeMJieKerapaJibll\

intergovernmental

MeMJieKerriK

of

the state

pecny6JIHKaJibll\ of the republic

yJITapam.II!;

international

yJITl'bll!;

ethnic

mocpepJlbll!;

pertaining to a

chauffeur

3KOHOMHKaJibll!;

economic

3TH}IKaJibll!;

ethnic

apHayJlbi

special

eKIIiHAi

accented

:lKaHJibl

convenient

:JKeprin:iK.ri

local

:lK~aJibl

contagious

3HJIH,U;bl h a r m f u I

KepeKri

needed

H;3HFbiJ1bl

sad

H;OJiaibibl

h

andy

K;blPJlbl

sheared

M3H;bl3,D.l>l

important

OH,U;bl nice, good

pyJlbi

tri

bat

CaHaJibl

thoughtful

CHJIJ!;Tbl I

ike

THiCTi

required

29

Kazakh Grammar with Affix List

Table

4.1.2.1

Adjectival

Derivational

Affixes

-*I<bl:

-*

IllbiJI:

-*Chl3

:

-*

JIAC:

-

M:

-*

,I(A.ii:

a.JIFaiiiK,Ll first

1KOFapFI>I upper, high

lKhiJIFhl

y e a r s

K~.o;iMri

o

rd

i o

ary

uerisri

basic

COH,Fhl

recent

CbipTl\bl

external

JliHwin

religious

K.¥JlaWWbJn

God-fearing

biPbiMWbJn

superstitious

H<aHCbl3

lif

e

less

meaci3

sleeveless

K.aWfbtCbl3

untroubled

TaFAblpJiac

having the same fate

TiJieKTec having the same wish

cepiKTec ally

KacinTec

co-worker

3Ae6u

1i

terary

M3AeBH

cultural

ClUICH

political

1KVAbiJll>IK.TaH

fist-shaped

JKV~I3AaH

star-shaped

30

Kazakh Grammar with Affix List

4.

1.3

Compound

Adjectives

Kazakh

compound

adjectives

involve:

1.)

the

same

adjective

repeated (i.e. repuplication) for a more emphatic meaning than

the

si

ngle

adjective,

2.)

two different adjectives,

or

3.)

a noun-adjective

combination, e.g.

Table

4.1.3

Compound

Adjectives

ag;-1KayJibll(,TL1 wearing a white scarf

amm;-JKapJihl

nervous

aJie}'MeniK-ncHXOJIOrHJIJJblX,

socio-psychologica

l

a1KiM-alKiM

covered with wrinkles

ap

K;HJibl every kind

of

ap

TVP.ni

every kind

of

E3HAaB-1K3H

very simple

1KaB-EaK;Tb1

detailed, thorough

1Kep-aCTLl

underground

caJITaK;

-CaJITaK; fi

It

h y

TblM-TLipl>IC

dead silent

31

Kazakh Grammar with Affix List

4.2

Adverbs

Adverbs serve the syntactic function

of

complementing a verb in

order

to describe the manner, place,

or

time

of

an action, e.g.

Tab

le 4.2

Adverbs

awpbiK.Wa

distinctly

aca extremely

a.K.btpbt

finally

aMaJ1Cbl3

having

no

other

choice

~6.neH

very

~peH.

bare

ly, hardly

~cipece

particularly

6yriH today

6yr

iHri-

TaH..ll,a

nowadays

6ynaw

thus

6wrai:1 thus

6btnai:fwa

in that way

.n~n

exactly.

pr

ecisely

epeKwe

particularly

epTe

early

epTe

H.

tomorrow

epTeH.-aK.

mwi

frequently, often

Kew.ne

sometimes

Keweni-6yriH yesterday

and

today

32

KyH.ni3

in the daytime

Ky

Hi-6yriHre

.nei1

iH

until

this day

K.a3ip

now

K.aJip-aK.

just

now

K.aWTa

anew

namCb

i

3.lla

H having no

other

choice

MY

n.n.eM

entirely

completely

ueri

3iHe

H basically.

generally

pyK.CaTbiM

CH by permission

C<)JI

rather, somewhat

Te3-apa.Qa

soon

TCK

only

Kazakh Grammar with Affix List

4.3

Quantifiers

Quantifiers overlap semantically with pronouns

of

quantity like

all

,

each. Quanitifiers

are

listed separately here because, unlike pronouns

of

quantity, they are uniflected (i.e. do not take case affixes).

a3

few

aJ.na

ran few

acTaM

more than

6ipa3

some. few

6i

pK.aTap

several

6ipHewe several,

some

4.

3.

1

Numera

ls

Numerals

(cardinal,

ordinal,

collective)

can

be

considered

a

gra

mmatical

su

bcategory

of

quantifiers.

In

addition

to

cardina

l

numer

al

s, there

are

both ordinal numerals ending in *Hill:bl

which

overlap morphologically with adjectives, and collective numerals wh

ich

overlap syntactically with pronouns.

Tab

le 4.3.1

Cardinal

Nume

ral

s

o

ip

one

eKi

two

ym

three

T6

PT

four

oec

five

anTbl

six

.JKeTi

seven

ceril

eight

TOFbi3

nine

OH

t

en

OH

6ip

eleven

OH

ceri3

eighteen

6ip-eKi

one

or

two

eKi-ym

two

or

three

JKHLipMa

twenty

0Tbl3

thirty

KblpLII\

fony

eny

fifty

annhlc

sixty

JKeTnic

seve

nty

ceKcea

eighty

TO

K,CaH

ninety

1KV3

hundred

eKi

.JKV3

two hundred

Mblll,

thousand

JKV3

Mhl

~

hundred

thousand

oip

MHJIJlHOH

one million

33

Krippes A. Karl. Kazakh grammar with affix list

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