Lowe D. Networking For Dummies
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TLA
subnetting: An IP addressing technique that designates the first n bits of an
IP address as the subnet address and the remaining bits as the host address.
switch: An efficient type of hub that sends packets only to the port that is
connected to the packet’s recipient rather than sending packets to all of the
ports, as a simple hub does.
system fault tolerance: See SFT.
tape drive: The best way to back up a network server. Tape drives have
become so inexpensive that even small networks should have one.
task: For a technically accurate description, enroll in a computer science
graduate course. For a layperson’s understanding of what a task is, picture
the guy who used to spin plates on The Ed Sullivan Show. Each plate is a
task. The poor guy had to frantically move from plate to plate to keep them
all spinning. Computers work the same way. Each program task is like one of
those spinning plates; the computer must service each one periodically to
keep it going.
TB: Terrazzo bytes, imported from Italy. Approximately one trillion bytes
(1,024GB to be precise). (Just kidding about terrazzo bytes. Actually, TB
stands for terabytes. See also GB, K, and MB.
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, the protocol used
by the Internet.
terminator: (1) The little plug you have to use at each end of a segment of
thin coax cable (10BaseT). (2) The governor of Caleefornia.
thinnet: See 10Base2.
three-letter acronym: See TLA.
time sharing: A technique used on mainframe computers to enable several
users to access the computer at the same time.
time-out: How long the print server waits while receiving print output before
deciding that the print job has finished.
tip: In phone system wiring, the wire that’s connected to ground. It is called
tip because in the days of manual switchboards, the ground wire was con-
nected to the tip of the plugs used to manually connect calls to their correct
destinations. See also ring.
TLA: Three-letter acronym, such as FAT (File Allocation Table), DUM (Dirty
Upper Memory), and HPY (Heuristic Private Yodel).
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token
token: The thing that gets passed around the network in a Token Ring topol-
ogy. See also Token Ring.
Token Ring: A network that’s cabled in a ring topology in which a special
packet called a token is passed from computer to computer. A computer
must wait until it receives the token before sending data over the network.
(Note: Do not confuse this with the Tolkien ring, which could mean the ruin
of Middle Earth.)
top-level domain: In DNS, a domain that appears immediately beneath the
root domain. The common top-level domains include com, net, org, edu, gov,
mil, and int.
topology: The shape of the network; how its computers and cables are
arranged. See also bus, star, and ring.
touch-tone dialing: A form of phone dialing that uses a sequence of DTMF
tones to indicate the number being dialed.
transceiver: A doohickey that connects a network interface card (NIC) to
a network cable. A transceiver is always required to connect a computer
to the network, but 10Base2 and 10BaseT NICs have built-in transceivers.
Transceivers were originally used with yellow cable. You can also get trans-
ceivers that convert an AUI port to 10BaseT.
transport layer: One of those layers somewhere near the middle of the
OSI reference model that addresses the way data is escorted around the
network.
Travan: A technology for tape backup that can record up to 800MB on a
single tape cartridge. See also QIC and DAT.
Trojan horse: A program that looks interesting but turns out to be some-
thing nasty, like a hard-drive reformatter.
trust: A relationship between domains in which one domain (the trusting
domain) honors the information in the other domain (the trusted domain).
trustee rights: In NetWare, rights that have been granted to a particular user
or group of users enabling them to access specific files.
twisted pair: A type of cable that consists of one or more pairs of wires that
are twisted in a certain way to improve the cable’s electrical characteristics.
See also unshielded twisted pair and shielded twisted pair.
uninterruptible power supply: See UPS.
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virtual memory
unshielded twisted pair: Twisted-pair cable that doesn’t have a heavy metal
shield around it. Used for 10BaseT networks. Also known as UTP. See also
twisted pair.
UPS: Uninterruptible power supply, a gizmo that switches to battery power
whenever the power cuts out. The Enterprise didn’t have one of these,
which is why the lights always went out until Spock could switch to auxiliary
power.
URL: Uniform Resource Locator, a fancy term for an Internet address. URLs
are those familiar “dot” addresses, such as “www-dot-microsoft-dot-com” or
“www-dot-dummies-dot-com.”
USB: A high-speed serial interface that is found on most new computers. USB
can be used to connect printers, scanners, mice, keyboards, network adapt-
ers, and other devices.
user ID: The name by which you’re known to the network.
User Manager for Domains: The program you use on Windows NT to
manage user accounts.
user profile: The way Windows keeps track of each user’s desktop settings,
such as window colors, wallpaper, screen savers, Start menu options, favor-
ites, and so on.
user rights: Network actions that a particular network user is allowed to per-
form after he or she has logged on to the network. See also file rights.
users’ group: A local association of computer users, sometimes with a par-
ticular interest, such as networking.
UTP: See unshielded twisted pair. See also 10BaseT.
VBScript: A scripting language that can be used to add fancy features to Web
pages or create macros for Microsoft Office programs.
VGA: Video Graphics Array, the current standard in video monitors. Most
VGA adapters these days are actually Super VGA adapters, which are com-
patible with VGA adapters but have extra bells and whistles.
Vines: A network operating system made by Banyan, comparable to
NetWare or Windows Server.
virtual memory: An operating system technique in which the system simu-
lates more memory than is physically present in the computer by swapping
portions of memory out to disk.
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virus
virus: An evil computer program that slips into your computer undetected,
tries to spread itself to other computers, and may eventually do something
bad like trash your hard drive.
Visio: A program from Microsoft that draws diagrams. It’s especially good at
drawing network diagrams.
voice mail: A feature of PBX and other types of phone systems in which a
caller can record a message for the intended recipient of his or her call.
VoIP: Voice over IP, a technique for routing telephone calls over the Internet
instead of over traditional phone carriers.
warchalking: The practice of using chalk to write special symbols on the
sidewalk near open wireless networks.
wardriving: Cruising the streets with special equipment designed to detect
open wireless networks and then publicizing their locations.
Web browser: A program that enables you to display information retrieved
from the Internet’s World Wide Web.
WEP: Wired Equivalent Privacy, a security standard for wireless networks
that makes wireless networking almost (but not quite) as secure as cabled
networks.
Wi-Fi: The common name for wireless networking using the 802.11 protocols.
Windows: The world’s most popular operating system.
Windows 7: The newest version of Windows, introduced in 2009.
Windows 95: A version of Windows that became available in — you guessed
it — 1995. Windows 95 was the first version of Windows that did not require
DOS.
Windows 98: The successor to Windows 95, introduced in 1998. Windows 98
includes a new user interface that makes the Windows desktop resemble the
World Wide Web.
Windows 2000 Server: The most popular Windows server operating system.
Available in three editions: Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced
Server, and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server for server computers.
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World Wide Web
Windows CE: A version of Windows for very small computers such as those
found in phones and other handheld devices. Windows Mobile is based on
Windows CE.
Windows for Workgroups: Microsoft’s first network-aware version of
Windows, now pretty much defunct.
Windows Millennium Edition: The successor to Windows 98, designed
especially for home users and featuring a Home Networking Wizard that sim-
plifies the task of setting up a home network.
Windows Mobile: A version of the Windows operating system based on
Windows CE and designed for handheld mobile devices, pocket computers,
and smartphones.
Windows NT: The predecessor to Windows 2000. Windows NT is available
in two versions: Windows NT Client for desktop computers and Windows NT
Server for server computers.
Windows Server 2003: The Windows Server operating system version that
replaced Windows 2000 Server.
Windows Server 2008: The newest version of Windows Server, which
replaced Windows Server 2003 in early 2008.
Windows Vista: The Windows version that replaced Windows XP in early
2007.
Windows XP: A popular and successful version of Windows, designed for
home or professional users. It was replaced by Windows Vista in 2007.
wireless: A method of networking that uses radio signals instead of cables to
transmit data.
wireless access point: A device that connects wireless devices to a cabled
network.
wiring closet: Large networks need a place where cables can congregate. A
closet is ideal.
workstation: See client.
World Wide Web: A graphical method of accessing information on the
Internet.
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WPA
WPA: Wi-Fi Protected Access, a new and improved security standard for
wireless networks.
WWW: See World Wide Web.
X10: A low-bandwidth protocol for home automation that runs over your
home’s power lines.
yellow cable: See 10Base5.
zone: A portion of the DNS namespace which a particular DNS server is
responsible for.
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Special Characters
& Numerics
! (escape) subcommand, FTP command,
359
! (exclamation point), 578, 761
# (hash mark), command shell, 761
$ (dollar sign), command shell, 761
& (ampersand), 578
* (asterisk), 578, 761
.. (double-dot), current directory, 765
? (help), FTP command, 359
> (greater-than sign), 579, 762
2:1 compression ratio, data, 261
3Com company, 37
10Base2 cable, 36, 795
10BaseFL cable, 36
10BaseT cable, 36, 795. See also twisted-
pair cable
40-bit encryption, 427
100BaseFX Ethernet standard, 36, 795
100BaseT4 Ethernet standard, 36, 795
100BaseTX Ethernet standard, 36, 795
100VG AnyLAN Ethernet standard, 795
128-bit encryption, 427
802.2 IEEE standard, 795
802.3 IEEE standard, 795
802.11 IEEE standard, 795
802.11a standard, 404
802.11b standard, 404
802.11g standard, 404
802.11i standard, 428
802.11n standard, 404
1000BaseLX protocol, 37
1000BaseT Ethernet standard, 37, 795
2600 magazine, 179
8088 processor, 795
80286 processor, 796
80386 processor, 796
80486 processor, 796
A
A (Address) records, 338, 340–341, 716
-a argument
ls command, 766, 767
gpasswd command, 778
netstat command, 379
touch command, 770
-A argument
cat command, 770
gpasswd command, 779
-A IP-address switch, nbtstat
command, 376
-a name switch, nbtstat command, 376
A+ certi cation, 180
AAUI (Apple Attachment Unit Interface),
796
absolute name, 323
ac domain, 326
accelerometer, iPhone, 462
Access Control List (ACL), 539
access points (APs), 408, 441. See also
wireless access point (WAP)
access rights, 796
Access tab, Create Samba Share dialog
box, 726
accessing
FTP site with browser, 354–355
Macintosh, 138–139
network printers using Web interface,
143–144
Account is disabled option, User
Properties dialog box, 525
Account is sensitive and cannot be
delegated option, User Properties
dialog box, 525
Account is trusted for delegation option,
User Properties dialog box, 525
Account Operators group, Windows
Server 200, 531
Account Options list box, User
Properties dialog box, 525
Index
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Networking All-in-One For Dummies, 4th Edition
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account restrictions, 196
Account Settings dialog box, 630
account status, 196
Account tab, User Properties
dialog box, 524
accounts. See also names of specifi c
accounts
built-in user, 196–198
de ned, 796
ACL (Access Control List), 539
acronym, de ned, 796
Action menu, MMC, 498
Actions menu, GNOME desktop, 690
Activate This Scope check box, Add
Roles Wizard, 315
Active Directory
de ned, 64, 796
directories, 509–510
domain, 516
NT domains, 510–511
organizational unit (OU), 516–517
overview, 511–512
structure, 512–515
Active Directory Domains and Trusts
console, 498
Active Directory Installation Wizard, 516
Active Directory Sites and Services
console, 498
Active Directory Users and Computers
(ADUC), 498, 615
Active Server Pages, de ned, 796
ActiveSync
Android, 471
de ned, 796
enabling for user’s mailbox, 464–465
iPhone, 462
adapter card, de ned, 796
Add a Bluetooth Device command, 447
Add Counters dialog box, 569
Add Features option, Initial Con guration
Tasks Wizard, 119
Add FTP Site Wizard, 349–350
Add New Tasks to This Taskpad After
the Wizard Closes check box, New
Taskpad View Wizard, 505
Add or Remove Snap-Ins dialog box, 502
Add parameter
Net Computer command, 585
Net Group command, 588
Net Localgroup command, 590
Net Name command, 591
Add Printer Wizard, Windows 7, 141–142
Add Roles option, Initial Con guration
Tasks Wizard, 119
Add Roles Wizard, 313–316, 490
Add Scope button, Add Roles Wizard, 315
Add Web Site dialog box, 611–612
Add/Remove Software program, DHCP,
708–709
Address (A) records, 338, 340–341, 716
address book, de ned, 796
address classes, IP, 296–297
Address option, ifconfig command, 782
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
cache, 371–372
de ned, 38
Network layer, TCP/IP framework, 287
address space, 63
Address tab, User Properties dialog box, 524
ad-hoc networks, 400, 411
ADMIN$ share, 542
administrative installation image, 229
Administrative Tools menu, 247
administrator, network
additional consultants, 181–182
bluffs and excuses, 182–183
building library, 178–179
certi cations, 179–181
de ned, 796
establishing routine chores, 174
managing network users, 175
overview, 171–173
part-time, 173–174
patching up operating system and
software, 175–176
software tools, 176–178
Administrator account
overview, 196–197
security, 192
Windows Server 2008, 493–494
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Index
825
Administrators group, Windows Server
2008, 531
ADUC (Active Directory Users and
Computers), 498, 615
Advanced Graphics Port (AGP), 797
Advanced tab
Microsoft Exchange dialog box, 633
Properties dialog box, Windows XP, 123
advertising software, 229
ae domain, 326
aero domain, 325
AFP (AppleTalk Filing Protocol), 136, 796
ag domain, 326
AGP (Advanced Graphics Port), 797
AirWave, 423
Alarm Clock application, Android, 471
alias, 747
/all switch, ipconfig command, 374
All Tree Items That Are the Same Type
as the Selected Item option, New
Taskpad View Wizard, 504
All users have read-only access option,
Provision a Shared Folder Wizard, 545
Allman, Eric, 744
allocation unit, 797
Allow Any Authenticated User to Update
option, New Host dialog box, 344
Allow broadcast SSID to associate?
option, wireless router, 412
Allow Connections from Computers
Running Any Version of Remote
Desktop option, 494
Allow Nulls check box, SQL Server
Management Studio, 649
Allow SSL option, Add FTP Site Wizard, 350
%ALLUSERSPROFILE% environmental
variable, 580
AlohaNet, 37, 403
alter SQL statement, 637
am domain, 326
American National Standards Institute
(ANSI), 23–24, 97
American Standard Code for Information
Interchange (ASCII), 32
ampersand (&), 578
an domain, 326
AND operation, 291–292
Android
applications, 471
de ned, 453, 797
integrating with Exchange, 471–472
operating system, 470
phones, 469
announcements, SharePoint, 661–663
anonymous access, vsftpd.conf le,
756–757
Anonymous authentication option, Add
FTP Site Wizard, 351
ANSI (American National Standards
Institute), 23–24, 97
antennas
troubleshooting wireless network,
439–440
wavelength and, 402
antivirus program
de ned, 797
overview, 211–212
Apache
creating Web pages, 741
de ned, 85, 797
installing, 731–732
Mac OS X Server, 136
manually editing con guration les, 741
restricting access to server, 735–736
running con rmation, 733–734
setting user account, 740
starting and stopping, 732–733
using HTTP con guration tool, 734–735
virtual hosts, 736–740
APIPA (Automatic Private IP
Addressing), 319
App Store, 462
%APPDATA% environmental variable, 580
append subcommand, FTP command, 359
Apple Attachment Unit Interface (AAUI),
796
Apple iPhone. See iPhone
Apple Mac OS X Server
Apache, 136
network operating systems, 69
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Networking All-in-One For Dummies, 4th Edition
AppleTalk, 41, 135, 137, 797
AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP), 136, 796
Application category, Event Viewer, 564
Application Data settings, user pro le, 535
application gateway, 208
Application layer
OSI model, 25, 33, 797
TCP/IP, 288
application sharing, 13
Applications menu, GNOME desktop, 690
APs (access points), 408, 441. See also
wireless access point (WAP)
Archive, Exchange mailboxes, 623
archive bit, 262, 797
Archive Settings page, New Mailbox
Wizard, 620
ARCNET technology, 18, 797
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol). See
Address Resolution Protocol
arp command, 177, 371–396
ARPANET, 40, 283
arson, 273
as domain, 326
ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Interchange), 32
ascii command, 370
ascii subcommand, FTP command, 360
assigning
AppleTalk name, 137
permissions to groups, 200
user rights to user accounts, 198
asterisk (*), 578, 761
at domain, 326
AT&T 258A wiring scheme, 102–-103
atd service, Linux, 772
Athlon, 797
attaching
BNC connector to coaxial cable, 108–109
RJ-45 connectors, 103–105
Attachment Unit Interface (AUI), 797
attributes
de ned, 797
object, 512
Authentication Mode drop-down list, Samba
Server Settings dialog box, 722–723
Authentication Mode screen, SQL Server
2008, 644
authoritative server, 332
auto attendant, 797
AutoCAD, 225
auto-complete feature, Linux shell, 761
Autodisconnect parameter, Net
Config command, 585
AUTOEXEC.BAT, 797
autof service, Linux, 772
Autogrowth setting, New Database dialog
box, 647
automated installation, NOS, 113
Automatic Private IP Addressing
(APIPA), 319
automating tasks, logon scripts, 201–202
Available Addresses list box, HTTP
con guration tool, 735
Available Commands list box, New Task
Wizard, 506
Average Queue counter, 257
Average Queue Length performance
counter, 569
B
-b argument
cat command, 770
ls command, 767
mv command, 769
-b base-dir option, useradd
command, 774
Back up les and directories user right,
198
back ups
copy, 264
daily, 264
de ned, 798
differential, 265–266
incremental, 264–265
local, 266–267
network, 266–267
network administrator responsibilities,
173–174
normal, 263
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