Нерсесянц В.С. (ред.) История политических и правовых учений

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, , ?

www.InetLib.Ru - !

 (  ). . , ,   

   ,      " 

, ".

          ,

     ,   

   "  ".   

     .    

 (!) . 

.            

 (, ) .

   ,      

 ,   . . ,     

          ;  

    .  

     ,  , 

,  1688 .

, , 

     – "  ",   "

   ".  , "  

",  ", 

".  ,  . ,    (    

 ) ,     . 

        

,        ,

,       .     

 – . . ,

        1688 .



.

 .         

        .  

 XVII . 

    ,       

, . , , 

        

, XVIII  – 

: .

 10. 



1. 

 –        

. , 

.

       . ,

    . ,    . 

 "", 

www.InetLib.Ru - !

 ,     

,     .     

  " "    

, 

, , .

, 

   ,      ,  

  .     

, ,   ,    

, , , .

  , ,    

, 

, , , , , .

 XVII–XVIII . 

    ,      

 ,       .  



.

2. 

   (1689–1755) –     

, .

           

 , , , , ,  ,

 ,   .     

 "" (1748). ,

          

, 

 "". 

 " "" (1750).

, 

, – . 

.

 "", . . , 

, . 

, .

 : "  

,           

 .   ,   

  ,           

, ".

 () 

,  "     ".  

,       () ,  

   :   ,    , 

, .

    ,   

. , , , 

, . , 

         ,    

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.

      ,     .

    ,     – 

. ", – , –

    ".  ,  

 (); , 

 ( ); ,     

 ().

 ,   ,    , 

,   : «    

. ", – , – ,

   ()"».  

      , . .  . 

 () ,

, ,  (

) .

 () 

 .    ,   

. ", , , – , –

. , , 

   ,    ,  ,

, , , ".

  – ,  ,  ,   .

 "          

". 

 ,     " ", . . ,  

, , .

  ,   (. . 

  ),         

, , .

,      

  .  ),   

, ,  (, 

), ,  (, , .

.),  , , ,     . .  

     (,    ,

 ),      

,  . .

   ,  ,    

,    .     ()

: , . 

 (),  ().

–    ,     . 

. ,

  ,    ,    "

" .

,  ,

  ,     

 ,    .   

 ,   . ,  , 

 , . 

         

www.InetLib.Ru - !

 () . 

     ,     

, . .

      ,    

.

      ,     

      .     , 

   ,      , , , 

, , 

.

 ,         

,     ,   "

 ,    ", . .  ",

" , . ,

      . "   

, , , 

, ".

   , , ,     

    ,   ,   

.

   , ,  , 

 ( – ) .

       ,   

, – .

 () , 

– ,  – . , , ,

       ,   ( 

) : ", , 

".

      

, : "..., ".

        . 

: 1) , 

      ,  2) , 

      . , ,  

     , 

. 

,  . " , –  , –  

      ,    

. , 

,  – , ".

, 

, , . 

      ,   

 ,         

, . 

 ,        ,    

, , ".

    –   .  

 ,  , "   ,  

      ".   

 – 

www.InetLib.Ru - !

. ", – , – 

  .         ,  

   ".      

, , .

     ,  , 

         

. ", – , – 

, , , 

, . 

     ,         

.      ,     

, . 

,      .   ,   

, , ,

    :   ,    

        

".

, , 

,  . " , . .  ,   ,   

, , , 

, ... , . 

, , , 

".

   –        

 ,     –   

.     ,   

     . "  

 ,     .    , 

    ,    

  .           

".

         

  . , ,  ,  

: 

       ,    .  

   .  "   

".

       

   ) – ,   ,   

, .

          

 () . , , : 

;   ( );  () ;

  (  ,     

 );   ,    ;

  ,     ;  ;

; .

     ,  , " 

, , 

       ,   ,

, ".

      , 

www.InetLib.Ru - !

.

    : " 

".

 ,  ,    ,  

 .       .  

  ,         .   

  ,  "       

, ". .

 ,   ,     . 

    . " ,    

  , ,     , 

 ".    ,     ,

    . "     .

    ,     

".

 "" 

    ,      

.

3. 

  (1712–1778) – 

.

        " 

, " (1762).

, 

.



, , 

, .

  ,  ,   ,    .

    ,    .

       , 

, .

,  "" 

, 

,  . , ,

    .      

         ,  

 ,      , 



, ".

  ,   , ,

 ,        ,  

.

   ,      

        " 

".

, 

         ,  

 –  ,     "  ,   

www.InetLib.Ru - !



, , , , 

, ".

, 

     ,     . 

 ,  , : "   ,  

, , 

, . 

   ,   ,    .   *,

, ,     ,  

,  ,  : 

     ,   , ,

  ,  – . 

,       ,    

    

".

 "person publique", . . .



.

     ,    , 

, , 

–    ,    –     

.      

            

.

   " " – "  , 

   " –        

    " "   (,

  . .).      

,  () 

  , "          ,

, .

 ,       

          . 

, , 

, , , .

      ,   

   ,  

,     – ,   : 

   ,   .      ,   ,

  : "... ,    , 

 ;   ,        ,

  –    ; ,       , 

    ,       ,     

    ".  ,  ,   

, .

, ,  – , .

       . " " 

    : "  ,  ,  

 ,  ;       

www.InetLib.Ru - !

, . ,    

. ".

. ", –

, – , , ,

, ... , , 

, ".

: , 

         

, , )  ,  (

, , )  

 () . , , 

 "" .

 "

".

,  "

;     ,      ,   

, ". , 

         

    ,    . 

 ,  , "      

, ,  – 

,     ;    ,   

  ,      ,     

 – ".

         

.   : 

,  –         

. ", – , – 

; ".

   ,  ,    .   

, , , ,

     : "     

, , 

".

 "   ,  ".  ,  ,    

      . ", –  , –   

   ,     ,   

: ", ", , 



, , ".

.



.

, –  , –       ,     

   ,      ; ,

         , 

, ".

 ,  ,   ,  

     . ,   ,  

       

. ", –  , –      

, , 

www.InetLib.Ru - !

: , 

, , , 

".

   ,   ,   

)      .  ,  

, . , , 

 – . 

"           

 (. .     ,  ),    

 (, , "", "" . .), 

        

 (, . .).

, 

   .        

,  , 

, .

  ,      ,  , " 

". ", – , – , 

". , ,  (

), 

, .

, ,

 ,     .   

 ,  , ",       

, ,

  , , , , 

, ".

 () , 

          

.

,  (, , ),

, , , . 

    ,  ,    

. 

,  "      ,

 – ,  – ".

.

, – , – , 

, ".

        

, , , 

: ": 

. : 

, ".

, , , 

.

    : , ,   

, "", – ", ".

, 

.

 – . , , 

. ", 

www.InetLib.Ru - !

, ".



   ,      . . " ,

  ,        ,   

". 

, : ", 

".  I , 

",  ""; 

   , ,      ,  

".

 – . 

 –    ,      

.  "

",       ,   

, .

    " ". "  

, –  , –   . ,  ,  

  ;     ,  , 

   ,     ,   

":

            

, 

         

     .  



, .

4. . 

        

   ,     

. 

   .      

.  (.

, X. , X. ) ,  (. ,

, .).

          

 (1632–1694). , 

  . , .   . ,   

  ,       

, 

 .         

,  –

, , 

: "...    ,       

, ".

      ,

 .     "   " (

 . ).   ,   

  ,       . 

,  , , 