Oren Michael B. Six Days of War. June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East
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Internet Sites:
www.bemorecreative.com/one/480.htm
Quotes from Harold Wilson
www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/5270/index2.htm
Biography of Gamal Abdel Nasser
www.defencejournal.com/globe/2000/aug/hafez.htm
Biography of Hafez al-Assad
www.elicohen.com
Biography of Eli Cohen
www.us-israel.org/jsource/biography
Biographies of Levi Eshkol, Moshe Dayan, and Wolfgang Lotz
www.jajz-ed.org.il
Biographies of Teddy Kollek, Chaim Herzog, and Rabbi Shlomo Goren
www.halcyon.com/jim/ussliberty/liberty.htm
USS Liberty page
www.kinghussein.gov.jo/
Biography of King Hussein
www.p-p-o.com/
Biography of Yasser Arafat
420 Index
INDEX
A
A-4 fighters, 26, 263
‘Abdallah I (Abdallah ibn Hussein), 5, 7
Abu ‘Ageila
Conqueror plan and, 65, 181
Israeli attacks on, 182, 202
Operation Nachshon I and, 168
reported capture of, 273
road junctions secured, 211–13
Abu Suweir airfield, 83, 171, 174, 175
Adam, Yekutiel “Kuti,” 182, 212
‘Afifi, Gamal, 172
Agence France Presse, 104–5, 272
Agranat, Shimon, 235
agriculture. See also water issues
agrarian settlement, 3
agricultural assistance, 14–15
Ahdut ha-Avoda, 88
al-Ahram, 42, 319
aircraft. See aviation and air warfare;
specific aircraft
‘Ajlun radar facility, 127, 171, 172, 184,
187
‘Ajluni, Firas, 188
al-‘Ajluni, Muhammad Sa’id, 203, 218
Akhmon, Arik, 192, 220, 245
Aktum, Ibrahim, 229
al-Tur, 248
‘Alayyan, Salah, 203
al-‘Alfi, ‘Ali, 171
Algeria
aircraft to Egypt, 209, 213
anti-Israeli rhetoric, 163
oil embargo and, 321
severed ties with U.S., 218
war with France, 10
Algiers, Algeria, 286
Algiers Radio, 217
‘Ali, Ahmad, 284
‘Ali, Ahmad Isma’il, 65
‘Ali, ‘Ali ibn, 227
‘Ali Muntar ridge, 212
Allon, Yigal
“Allon Plan,” 314
capture of Old City, 208
cease-fire negotiations, 244, 253
Defense Committee meeting, 122, 124,
152, 157, 232, 276–77, 291–92
Golan campaign, 262, 302
on Hussein, 184
on Jerusalem offensive, 207
military preparations, 134–35, 169
military victories, 5–6
political ambition of, 18
settlements relocated, 276–77
on Syrian issue, 228, 261
NOTE: Entries beginning with numbers can be found under the spelling of the
number (i.e., 7th Brigade is alphabetized under “Seventh”).
Page numbers in italics refer to maps.
Index 421
Alpha plan, 8, 9, 12
Alsop, Joseph, 74, 150
Alterman, Natan, 53, 61
Aman (IDF intelligence), 76
‘Amer, ‘Abd al-Hakim
arrested, 320
attempted suicide, 287
on causes of Egypt’s loss, 311
confidence in Egyptian military, 66
Eban compared to, 49
on Egyptian military, 56, 78, 83, 160,
252
Egyptian retreat, 215, 258, 273, 274
Fawzi and, 57–58, 64–65, 320
Hussein and, 130, 226
on Israeli first strike, 171, 175, 177,
178, 184–85, 209, 213
military orders issued, 201, 214–15
military preparations, 92–93, 120–21,
160–61
Nagib and, 181
Nasser and, 67, 76, 216–17, 312
Nasser’s resignation, 289
in Paris, 26
power of, 57–58, 64–65
removed from Syria, 14
Sadat on, 272
Sharm al-Sheikh garrison, 248
Soviets and, 28, 55, 96–97
speech to troops, 166
on Syria, 162
on Tiran blockade, 84
UNEF troops and, 39–42, 73
Washington invitation, 144–45
Yemen war and, 19
‘Amer, ‘Ali ‘Ali, 20, 37, 40, 47
‘Amer, Sa’ad ‘Ali, 31
America. See United States
Amin, Hafiz, 19, 20
Aminadav, Nachshon ben, 168
Amit, Meir
cease-fire negotiations, 253
contacts with Egypt, 30, 62–63
on Dayan, 148
Defense Committee meeting, 98, 157
dispatched to Washington, 139
Eshkol and, 156
intelligence on Negev area, 98
McPherson and, 145–46
military estimates, 146–47
on Tiran blockade, 82
U.S. officials briefed, 210
on U.S. support, 156, 231
Amitai, Eliezer, 186
Amman, Jordan, 257
Amman Radio, 190
‘Ammar, Muhammad, 163, 301
Ammunition Hill, 219–23
Anderson, H. Eugenie Moore, 72
Anderson, Robert B., 10, 144
Angleton, James Jesus, 146
Antenna Hill, 191
anti-Semitism, 3
antiaircraft batteries, 259
Arab Cold War, 13
Arab League
creation of, 4
Defense Council, 36, 37
Jordan and, 48
Jordan River diversion plans, 20
Arab Legion
command structure, 185
under Egyptian command, 130, 131
Eshkol on, 32
Hebron clashes, 29
Hussein and, 36, 84
IDF clashes with, 5
in War of Independence, 6
Arab nationalism, 3–4, 310, 317–18
‘Arabe junction, 194
Arafat, Yasser
asylum in Lebanon, 322
awarded Nobel Prize, 314
as chair of PLO, 323
guerrilla warfare, 260
on Jihad, 1
as Palestinian leader, 313, 317
Aran, Zalman
capture of Old City, 208
Defense Committee meeting, 99,
123, 124, 151, 276
on Eban, 90
on land-for-peace proposals, 314
on Soviet intervention, 229
on Syrian issue, 261
on threat to air force, 88
‘Aref, ‘Abd al-Rahman Muhammad, 42,
130, 318–19
Argentina, 140
al-‘Arish
airport closed, 72
Dayan on, 154, 214
diary account of, 309
as Egyptian administrative hub, 181
Egyptian retreat, 180
fortifications, 65
422 Index
Gavish’s strategy on, 216
Granit force’s advance near, 256
Israeli advances on, 212
Israeli strategy on, 91
Liberty incident and, 263–65
Murtagi forces at, 209
Narkiss on, 220
Nasser on, 160
naval attacks on, 267–68, 270
Operation Nachshon I and, 168
paratrooper attack planned, 192
road junctions at, 202, 211
spared from Israeli air attacks, 175
Armistice Agreements
Arab-Israeli relations and, 6
Dayan on, 303
Eban on, 271
Johnson on, 94
Security Council on, 34
Thant on, 124
Armon ha-Natziv, 189
arms embargo, 197
Article 51 of the UN Charter, 12
artillery
Egyptian, 63, 93
Israeli, 223
Jordanian, 193, 372n. 12
Syrian, 195, 229–30, 260–62, 280
UNEF casualties, 377n. 44
Ashmora, 230
al-‘Asifa (armed wing of al-Fatah), 24
al-Assad, Hafez
Ba‘thist regime, 27
coup, 14
on Israeli air superiority, 29
on Israeli attacks, 284
postwar career, 310, 322–23
reports of military victories, 195
Syrian internal struggles, 44
wartime rhetoric, 78, 195, 229, 293,
300
assassinations, 7, 13, 24–25, 313
Aswan Dam, 13, 22
al-Atassi, Nureddin, 44, 52, 125, 195,
279
Athanasius, 337n. 14
Atzmon plan, 81
Australia, 140
Auxiliary General Technical Research
Ship (AGTR), 142
aviation and air warfare. See also Focus
plan
A-4 fighters, 26, 263
aircraft stationed in Jordan, 137
antiaircraft batteries, 259
Arab forces, 164
attacks on Syria, 23–24, 46–47
Dayan on, 276
EC121M spy plane, 268
Egyptian Air Force, 36–37, 63, 93,
136, 208
Egyptian retreat attacked by air, 249–
50
French military aid, 26
Golan Heights, 280
H-3 airbase, 226
Israeli air power, 12–13, 17, 176, 276
Israeli first strike, 170–78, 173, 209,
211, 306
Liberty incident, 263–71, 388n. 11
MiG fighters, 24, 29, 36–37, 46–47,
146, 213
tanks attacked, 194
U.S. military aid, 51, 138
Wheelus airbase attacks, 21
Aviram, Menachem, 179
Avriel, Ehud, 255
‘Awad, Badi, 189, 191, 240
Awad, Louis, 39
‘Awda, Farid, 44
Ayyub, Ibrahim, 209
Ayyub, Muhammad, 177
‘Azzam, ‘Uthman, 106
B
Badran, Shams al-Din
‘Amer and, 57
arrested, 320
on causes of Egyptian defeat, 311
diplomatic efforts, 116, 125
on Egyptian readiness, 117–18
Israeli first strike and, 172
Moscow trip, 97
Nasser and, 287, 289
on retreat orders, 214
Tiran blockade and, 83
Baghdad Pact, 9
al-Baghdadi, ‘Abd al-Latif, 209, 272, 274
Baha, ‘Awad, 280
Bahgat, Hasan, 201, 213
Bahrein, 217
Balfour Declaration, 2–3
Bamahane, 30, 52
Banias
attempts to divert, 20
Elazar plans to capture, 292
Index 423
Eshkol on, 229, 261–62, 280
feints launched from, 230–31
Israeli capture of, 295
under Syrian control, 284
Syrian defenses at, 162, 294
Bar Kokhva, Moshe, 194, 203, 241
Bar-Lev, Haim
capture of Old City, 242
on Egyptian retreat, 216
Elazar and, 231
Golan offensive, 300, 302
Harel Brigade and, 206
on Israeli victory, 309
on Rabin, 98
Rabin’s recruitment of, 135
on Syrian issue, 261, 278
Barbar, Anwar, 283
Barbour, Walworth (Wally)
Amit briefing, 210
avoiding Eshkol, 78
diplomatic efforts, 102, 103, 291
Eban and, 80
Hussein and, 31–32, 225, 312
on imminence of war, 139
on Israeli attacks, 254, 289
Liberty incident, 269
Rusk and, 107
Samu‘ raid, 32, 312
on Syrians, 260, 262
on U.S. military liaison with Israel,
121
Barzilai, Yisrael, 123, 151, 291
Basat, Shlomo Ben, 283
Basha, Yahya Sa‘ad, 201, 273
Bassiouny, Salah, 97, 125
Bat Galim (ship), 9
al-Ba‘th, 43, 162
Ba‘th party
coups, 27
instability of, 57
Iraqi coup, 15
military purges, 163
popular pressure on, 52
warlike nature of, 43
Battle, Lucius
on Dayan appointment, 145
departure from Cairo, 94
on diplomacy with Arab nations, 112
Harman and, 49
on Nasser, 39, 41, 105
Wheelus airbase attacks, 21
Begin, Menachem
Ben-Gurion and, 134–35
capture of Old City, 207, 242–43,
246–47
Dayan and, 137–38, 316
Defense Committee meeting, 88–89,
232, 292
Irgun militia, 4
on Jerusalem offensive, 207
on land-for-peace proposals, 314
National Unity Government
meeting, 148
Beit Hanina, 193, 203, 219
Beit Nuba, 203, 307
Ben-Ari, Uri, 192–93, 203, 224, 247
Ben-Gurion, David
cease-fire negotiations, 235
Dayan and, 137–38, 232
diplomatic efforts, 168
distrust of Arab states, 8
Eshkol and, 49, 79, 134–35
Hussein and, 24
Independence Day parade, 61
influence of, 50
on Israeli nuclear projects, 16
on land-for-peace proposals, 314
on Nasser, 10
negotiations with Arab states, 7
quoted by Shapira, 157
Rabin and, 80–81, 91
resignation, 18
retaliation against Arab troops, 9
support for, 11
Tel Aviv siege, 5
on the “White Paper,” 3
Ben-Or, Arye, 188
Beni Suweif airfield, 175
Bentov, Mordechai, 208
Benvenisti, Rafi, 255
Ber, Haim, 262
Bernstein, Leonard, 312
Bethlehem
Etzion Bloc, 6
flanking maneuver at, 185
IAF flights over, 188–89
Israeli forces entering, 238, 255
Jordanian retreat from, 247
Legionnaires’ retreat to, 192
Old City severed from, 227
Bieberman, Jerry, 188
Bin-Nun, Avihu, 174–75
bin Shaker, Sharif Zayd, 207, 219
Bir al-Thamada
Egyptian defensive strategies and,
214
424 Index
Egyptian staff at, 63, 166
Israeli air attacks, 175, 176
Israeli ground attacks on, 216
vulnerability of, 171
Yoffe’s advances at, 249–50
Bir Gafgafa, 175, 249, 275
Biro, Arye, 281
Bitan, Moshe, 103
Black September, 322
blockade. See Tiran blockade
border conflicts, 45, 48–49, 136. See also
guerrilla attacks
Boumedienne, Houari, 163, 318–19
Bourgiba, Habib, 21, 307
Bowles, Chester, 14
boycotts, 129–30. See also embargoes
Brazil, 140
Bren, Avraham, 216
Brezhnev, L. I., 28, 296, 324
Britain
Arab League and, 4
Four Power summit proposal, 126
Israel policy, 10, 11, 78, 101
pro-Israeli demonstrations, 136
on Regatta plan, 141
on Syrian attacks, 49
“White Paper,” 3
British Foreign Office, 82, 184, 296
Brown, George, 101
Brutenz, Carin, 54
Bulganin, Nikolay Aleksandrovich, 252
Bull, Odd
Dayan and, 302–3
at Government House, 189
Hussein and, 31, 184
on Israeli military, 64
in Northern Israel, 62
personal aircraft destroyed, 188
Bunche, Ralph
on General Armistice Agreements, 6
Goldberg and, 199–200
on Nasser and UNEF, 347n. 26
Nasser’s suspicion of, 73
proposed trip to Cairo, 75
report to Thant, 198
on UNEF’s role, 69–70
Bundy, McGeorge
diplomatic efforts, 254, 271, 290
on Hussein, 326
Liberty incident, 263
Middle East Control Group, 104
on Syrian issue, 262
Bunker, Elsworth, 15
Burns, Findley, Jr.
on College Run agreement, 131
diplomatic efforts, 186, 242
Hussein and, 128–29, 225, 257
on Palestinian issue, 318
on Samu‘ raid, 35
on U.S. commitment to Israel, 142
Burqin, 193
Butmiya, 294
C
Cairo Radio
on Egyptian military buildup, 63
on Eshkol’s death, 317
on Hussein’s visit, 131
on Israeli first strike, 178
on Nasser’s resignation, 287–88
prewar rhetoric, 121
on Samu‘ raid, 35
on Soviet commitment to Egypt, 125
on Tiran blockade, 84, 92
on U.S. intervention, 209
wartime propaganda, 213
Cairo West airfield, 175
Camp David meetings, 316
Canada, 123, 126, 140
Canal Zone, 8. See also Suez Canal
Caradon (Hugh Foot), 200, 325, 326
Carmel, Moshe, 89, 123–24
Castle, Ernest Carl, 264, 265, 268
cease-fire negotiations
Hussein proposal, 241–42, 244
Nasser and, 322
peace negotiations and, 304
proposed, 218
Security Council and, 271–78
Soviet influence, 251–53
timing of, 233–39
UN emergency session, 289–92
U.S. pressure, 299
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
on Israeli military, 146, 165
Liberty incident, 270
Regatta plan and, 140
on Soviet intervention, 271
on Syrian government, 334n. 61
Centurion tanks
at al-’Awja, 182
friendly-fire incidents, 202
Jordanian, 137
Khan Yunis battle, 179–80
at Mitla Pass, 256
nighttime battles, 211–12
Index 425
chemical weapons, 80
Chicago Tribune, 234
Christian, George, 114, 115
Christian Science Monitor, 36
Chuvakhin, Sergei
on cease-fire negotiations, 275
with Eshkol, 59, 119
at Foreign Ministry, 78
pressure on Israel, 251, 252
severing Israeli diplomatic relations,
299
on Tiran blockade, 117
CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA)
civilians and civilian issues. See also
Palestinians and Palestinian
statehood; refugees
air raid sirens, 184
casualty rates, 162
Egyptian civilian officials, 83
Eshkol on, 32, 238
evacuation from Government House,
189
Ha’aretz on, 134
informed of military situation, 76
Israeli morale, 243
Israeli troop transport, 182
Jordanian attacks on, 162, 186–87,
225
killed in clashes, 9, 17, 29
military planning and, 260
military reservists, 311
at Mount Scopus, 183
in Negev campaign, 97
Palestinians, 4
Syrian civilians avoided, 195
Syrian refugees, 301, 306
terrorist attacks on, 313
treatment of civilians, 238
U.S. civilian aid, 26
Clifford, Clark, 269
Cohen, Eli, 25, 146
cold war, 8–9, 11, 12–18. See also Arab
Cold War
commandos, 203, 239
Commissioner’s Palace, 189
communism, 28
Congressional Medal of Honor, 266
convoys, 105. See also Regatta plan;
Tiran blockade
Cuban missile crisis, 15, 85, 196
Customs House Road, 280
D
Damascus Radio, 31, 186, 217, 230–31,
260
Dangor, Reuven, 282
Dardara, 282
al-Darubi, Muhammad, 241
al-Darwish, ‘Ali, 301
Davar, 121, 136
Dayan, Moshe
‘Amer on, 160
attacks in Sinai, 275
background, 148–49
capture of Old City, 232, 242–43, 246
cease-fire negotiations, 244, 253, 278
Defense Committee meeting, 88,
148, 152, 276–77, 291–92
as Defense Minister, 145
Egyptian clashes, 11
on Egyptian retreat, 216
Eshkol and, 156, 317
fear of multiple fronts, 231
final report on war, 311
Golan campaign and, 291–92, 300
on Israeli air power, 176, 276
on Jerusalem, 193
Jordanian attacks and, 187, 190–91,
208
Liberty incident, 266, 270
McNamara and, 147
military tactics, 154, 155
Nasser and, 10
with Odd Bull, 302–3
Operation Lights, 237, 248
Pentagon officials and, 6
political issues, 229
popularity of, 309
postwar diplomacy, 307, 315–16
preparations for war, 135, 153, 158,
167–68, 169
on prewar negotiations, 89–90
Rabin and, 81, 313
on silence of the press, 210
Southern Command and, 137, 207
Syria and, 195, 261, 278, 279
on UN settlement, 213–14
on warnings to Hussein, 184
de Carvalo, George, 190
de Gaulle, Charles
diplomatic pressure from, 156
with Eban, 100–101
Israeli relations and, 26, 78
on Nasser, 16
Rusk and, 107, 168