Bacillus subtilis, 260fig, 317fig, 799
Bacillus thuringiensis, 261
Bacitracin, 261
Background response, 777
Bacteria, 27, 241–265, 217, 218,
223
as agent of disease, 354tab
autotrophic, 393
formerly considered as plants, 228
in phylogenetic tree, 241fig
Bacterial
conjunctivitis, 377
diversity, 241
dysentery, 256, 350tab, 362
food poisoning, 365
polysaccharide, 380tab
Bacteriochlorophyll, 247tab, 248
Bacteriolytic, 255
Bacteriophage plaques, 286, 310fig
Bacteriovores, counting, 310
Bacteroides, 243tab, 264, 344tab
Bacteroidetes, 243tab
Baetis sp., 516tab, 791tab
BAF , see Bioaccumulation factor
Baker’s yeast, 284
Balantidium coli, 634tab
Bald cypress, 145
Balenoptera musculus, 28tab
Baltimore classification system of viruses, 286,
287tab
Barrier defenses, 194
Bartha flasks, 313
Bartha, Richard, 313
Basal body temperature, 212
Basal cell layer, 174, 175fig
Basalt, hydrogen generation, support of autotrophs,
395
Base-pair, 237
Basic fuchsin, 262
Basidiomycetes, 29, 282, 280tab, 283
as agent of disease, 354tab
Batch, 3
Batch culture, 320
Batch growth curve, 320–329
Bath, England, 356
Bayberry, and nitrogen fixation, 418
B cells, 195
BCF, see Bioconcentration factor
Bdellovibrio, 249tab, 258, 310, 567
Beans, 253
Bear, and trichinosis, 367
Beaver, reservoir of Giardia, 355
Becquerel, 834
Beer’s Law, to measure cell number, 309
Beggiatoa, 224tab, 225, 229fig, 249tab, 252fig, 593,
595
problem counting, 305
and rotating biological contactors, 434
sulfur oxidation, 432
Behavioral effects of toxins, 730
Beijerinckia, 249tab, 417
Beijerinck, Martinus W., 223
Benign tumors, 714
Benthos, 508, 513
Benzene, as growth substrate, 323tab
Benzo(a)pyrene (BAP), 411, 412fig
Benzoate, use by sulfate reducing bacteria, 431
Bergey’s Manual, 229, 242
Beryllium toxicity, 805
Beta oxidation, 105
Betaproteobacteria, 249tab
Beta radiation, 831ff
Bhopal, India, 825
BHP, see Poly-b-hydroxybutyric acid
Bicarbonate, 391–392
Bifidobacterium, 259tab
Bilayer, lipid, 50,67
Bile, 62,
202
in excretion, 755
Bilharziasis, see Schistosomiasis
Bilirubin, 191, 722
Binary fission, 74, 232, 315
Binomial nomenclature, 27
Bioaccumulation, 738, 760
Bioaccumulation factor, 760
Bioactivation, 747
Bioassay, 705, 788
Bioaugmentation, 732
Bioavailability, 746, 844
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 312,
400, 401fig, 402tab, 530, 582
nitrogenous, 400
ultimate, 402
Biochemistry, 19
Biochemistry, comparative, in evolution 22
Bioconcentration factor, 738, 761, 856
and octanol-water partition coefficient, 762
Biodegradation, 312–313, 402–413
Biodiversity, 24
Biofilm(s), 61, 217, 231, 301, 587
counting microorganisms in, 304
Biofilters, 587
Biogeochemical cycles, 32, 217, 387, 451, 453fig
Biogeography, 22
Biolog, 236, 237fig
Biological aerated filter (BAF), 599
Biological clocks, 153
Biologically active filter (BAF), 599
Biologically active zone (BAZ), 695
Biological nutrient removal (BNR), 617
Biological phosphorus removal (BPR), 256
Biological warfare, 261, 377, 379
Biological weapon, airborne anthrax, 349tab
Bioluminescence, 561
INDEX
889