Thiobacillus concretivorus, 433
Thiobacillus denitrificans, and nitrate reduction, 419
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, 252, 436, 438
and iron, 463
Thiobacillus oxidans, 566
Thiosulfate (S
2
O
3
2
)
oxidation state, 429–430fig
as substrate, 251tab
Thiothrix, 229fig, 249tab, 251tab, 433–434, 612tab
ThOD (theoretical oxygen demand), 64, 85, 398
Thoracic region, 176
Thorax, 163
Threatened species, 571
Threonine, 52–53tab, 203
Threshold, toxicity, 778fig, 780
Throat, 344tab
Thrombocytopenia, 729
Thromboxanes, 189tab
Thylakoids, 107
Thymine, 58, 59fig, 237
Thymine dimer, 131
Thymosins, 187tab
Thymus, 185fig, 187tab, 194
Thyroid, 185fig, 188tab
Thyroid hormones, 214
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 186tab
Thyroxine (T4), 188tab
Tick-borne typhus, see Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Ticks, 373
as disease vectors, 258, 348
Tidal salt marshes, 537, 546
Tidal volume, 198, 199fig
TIE, see Toxicity identification evaluation
Tilapia, 518
Time-response toxicity relationship, 785
Tin toxicity, 805
Tissue, 18,20
Tissue weighting factor, 835
TNTC (too numerous to count), 307
Toadstools, 283
Tobacco mosaic virus, 287tab
Tobamovirus, 287tab
TOC, 85, 312, 399, 402tab
Tocopherols, 206tab
Togaviridae, 353tab, 287tab
Tolerance distribution, 772
Tollund man, 403, 404fig
Toluene
biodegradation, 407fig, 408
as growth substrate, 323tab
substrate inhibition, 339
Tonsillitis, 368
Tonsils, 194
Total coliforms, 383, 385
Total count(s), 304, 305
Total culturable bacterial counts, 305–306
Total direct counts, higher than culturable counts, 306
Total hydraulic loading, 589
Total organic carbon, see TOC
Total plate count, 384
Total solids (TS), 399
Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE), 851
Toxicity, measure of, 770
Toxicity of nitrogen compounds, 425–426
Toxicity reduction evaluation (TRE), 851
Toxicity tests, conventional, 789
Toxicology, 2, 704
Toxic organics, as inhibitors, 339
Toxic shock syndrome, 261, 354tab
Toxin, 380tab
Toxocara sp., 634tab
Toxoids, 380tab
Toxoplasma, 269tab, 271
Toxoplasma gondii, 354tab, 367, 634tab
Toxoplasmosis, 354tab, 367
Trace elements, 204,
291, 292
Trachea, 197
Tracheal system, 165
Trachoma, 263, 354tab, 377
Tragedy of the commons, 9
Traits, 116
Transcription, 123fig, 125
Transcription factors, 128
Transcription-level control, 127
Transfection, 135
Transfer efficiency, 447
Transfer RNA, 125, 126, 127fig
Transgenic, 135
Translation, 125
Translocation, 121
Transmitted, transmission, 347
Transpiration, 148
Transport
membrane, 69
passive, 70
active, 71
Travelers’ diarrhea, 354tab, 362
TRE, see Toxicity reduction evaluation
Trematode, 156tab, 158, 356
as agent of disease, 354tab
Treponema, 243tab, 264, 275tab, 344tab
Treponema pallidum, 264, 347tab, 353tab, 375, 379
Treponema pertenue, 354tab, 379
Triatomid bugs, 372
Tricarboxyclic acid cycle, see Krebs cycle
Trichinella spiralis, 159, 354tab, 367
Trichinosis, 354tab, 367–368
Trichloplax adhaerens, 156tab
Trichloramine (NCl
3
), depending on pH and the
specific ratio, 427
Trichloroethylene (TCE), 253
as electron acceptor, 396
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 151, 153
Trichomonads, 268
928 INDEX