Nitrite (Continued)
as substrate, 251tab, 323tab
as a terminal electron acceptor, 419
Nitrite oxidase, 292tab
Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, 422
Nitritification, 422
Nitroaromatics, phytoremediation of, 681tab
Nitro compound toxicity, 816
Nitrobacter, 249tab, 251tab, 293, 422, 505, 564, 828
in nitrification, 459
Nitrobacter winogradsky, 317
minimum generation time, 317fig
Nitrococcus, 249tab, 251tab, 422
in nitrification, 459
Nitrogen
elemental form in early atmosphere, 218
expressing as N, 415–416
in marine environment, 556
microbial composition, 291tab, 292tab
mineralization, 416
mobilizing, 428
oxidation state, 389, 414
sources, 236
utilization, 414–415
Nitrogenase(s), 246, 253, 292tab, 315, 418
inactivation by oxygen, 418
Nitrogen cycle, 414–428, 457, 458fig, 459fig, 460tab
Nitrogen dioxide (NO
2
), oxidation state of nitrogen,
414
Nitrogen fixation, 246, 247tab, 253, 315, 415, 417–419
by Clostridium, 259
by Heliobacterium, 260
organisms, 293
Nitrogen-fixing proteobacteria, 253, 417
Nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand (N-BOD or
NOD), 400, 401fig, 424–425
Nitrogenous demand, see Nitrogenous biochemical
oxygen demand
Nitrogen oxides, in air, 824
Nitrogen pentoxide, 89
Nitrogen robbing, 428
Nitrosamines, 426
Nitroso compound toxicity, 816
Nitrosococcus, 249tab, 251, 422
Nitrosomonas, 249tab, 251tab, 422, 459, 505, 564, 828
Nitrosomonas europaea, 227
Nitrosospira, 249tab, 251tab, 422, 459
Nitrospina, 249tab, 251tab, 422
Nitrospira, 243tab, 245, 251, 422, 505
Nitrous oxide (N
2
O)
and denitrification, 419
as a greenhouse gas, 456
Nitroxyl, nitrification intermediate, 422fig, 423
Nitzschia, 275tab
Nitzschia closterium, 791tab
Nitzschia palea, 535tab
N-nitroso compounds, 828
No observed adverse effect concentration, 770
No observed adverse effect level, 786tab
No observed effect level, 786tab
NOAEL, see No observed adverse effect level
Nocardia, 229fig, 259tab, 262, 263fig, 505, 565, 660,
612tab, 614
Nocardioform bacteria, 262
Nodules, root, 253, 418
NOEL, see No observed effect level
Nomenclature of bacterial species, 228
Nonadditive interactions, of toxicity, 783
Nonaqueous phase liquids see NAPL
Noncarcinogenic risk characterization, 845
Noncompetitive inhibitors, 95
Nonparametric methods, 774
Non-sea-salt sulfate (NSS), 434-435fig
Nonspecific defenses, 194
Norepinephrine, 183, 188tab
Norwalk-like viruses, 363tab
Norwalk virus, 287tab, 351tab, 367
Nose, 344tab
Nosocomial infection, 349, 378
Nostoc, 243tab, 508, 509fig
and nitrogen fixation, 417
Nostocales, 243tab, 246
Nostocoida limicola, 229fig
No-till farming, 505
Notochord, 166
Notonecta, 443, 516tab
NPP, see Net primary productivity
N-serve, selective inhibitor of nitrification, 428
Nuclear membrane, 72
Nuclear region, 17, 72
Nucleases, 199
Nucleic acids, 58 292tab, 294
Nucleoside, 58
Nucleotide, 58, 59fig, 238
synthesis, 113
Nucleus, 68fig, 72
Nuphar, 512tab, 543tab
Nutrient cycles
in forests, 499, 500tab
and succession, 488tab
in wetlands, 545
Nutrient enrichment, 426
Nutrients, elemental, in plants, 152tab
Nutrients, human, 203
Nuttal, 347tab
Nymph
aquatic, 513
insect, 165
Nymphaea, 541tab, 543tab, 548fig
Nymphaea odorata (water lily), 547, 512tab
Nymphaea tuberose, 547
Nyssa, 538
Nyssa aquatica, 541tab, 543tab, 544tab
Nyssa ogechee, 541tab, 543tab
914 INDEX