Streptococcus equinus, 384
Streptococcus faecalis, 384, 565
Streptococcus faecium, 384
Streptococcus gallinarum, 384
Streptococcus mitis, 344tab
Streptococcus pneumoniae, 344tab, 347tab, 352tab, 368
Streptococcus pyogenes, 344tab, 351tab, 352tab,
353tab, 368
Streptococcus salivarius, 344tab
Streptomyces, 259tab, 262, 417, 505, 565, 660,
Streptomyces griseus, 381
Streptomycin, 262, 381
Streptosporangium, 259tab
Stress, environmental, 23
Stresses, and homeostasis, 186
Stressor, 848
Strict aerobe(s) and anaerobes, 225
Strix occidentalis, 573, 573tab
Strontium, phytoremediation of, 681tab
Struvite, in anaerobic digester, 428
Stylaria, 535tab
Subacute toxicity tests, 789
Subchronic daily intake, 845
Subclinical infections, 347
Subcutaneous route of administration, 792
Subduction zone, 454
Sublethal toxic effects, 712
Subspecies, 29, 229
Substitution mutation, base-pair, 129
Substrate activation, 94
Substrate, enzyme, 56
Substrate inhibition, 94, 338–339
Substrate-level phosphorylation, 98
Substrates, 327
Substrate utilization, 327–336
Subsurface flow (SSF), 625
Subsurface flow (SSF) wetland, 625
Succession, 487
in lakes, 520, 521fig
Succinic acid, production by Clostridium, 259
Suction pressure, of soil, 503
Suctoreans, 270, 273fig
Sugar acids, 45
Sugar, as organic carbon and energy source, 293
Sulfate
conjugation, 752fig
as electron acceptor, 105, 396
oxidation state, 429fig–430fig
as product, 251tab
sulfate reducing bacteria (SRBs), 430–431tab
sulfate reduction, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP),
431
Sulfhydryl bond, 42tab
in amino acids, 429
Sulfide, 429fig–430fig
and phosphate in sediment of lakes, 527, 528fig
Sulfide oxidizing bacteria, 395
Sulfite, 429–430fig
and sulfate reduction, 431
Sulfolobales, 266tab
Sulfolobus, 241fig, 266tab, 436
Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, 226
Sulfur dioxide (SO
2
), 434–435fig, 826
Sulfur(s)
cycle, 460, 429–435, 461fig
deposition, 246, 247tab, 248
disproportionation, 431–432
elemental, as product, 251tab
inclusions, 295
as intracellular inclusion, 236
and iron oxidation, acid mine drainage, 395
in nutrition, 204tab
oxidation, 432
oxidation state, 389, 429–430fig
oxidizing bacteria, carbon fixation, 395
oxidizing proteobacteria, 251tab
percentage of microbial cell, 291tab, 292tab
reducing proteobacteria, 257
reduction, 430–432
roles within microorganisms, 292tab
as substrate, 251tab
sources, 236
utilization, 393
Sulfuric acid production, 258
Superoxide dismutase, 292tab
Surface area to volume ratio of cells, 311, 340
Surface fire, 498
Surfactant, 50, 50fig, 614
Surfactant toxicity, 818
Surgeonfish, 260
Surirella, 510fig
Surveillance of diseases, 379
Survival strategy, of microorganisms, 224
Susceptible, to disease, 349
Suspended growth, 583, 600–618
Suspended solids (SS), 301, 399
and aquatic toxicity, 828
Sustainability, 574
Svedberg units, 62, 239
SVI, see Sludge volume index
Swamp, 537, 538tab
Swamp gas, 267
Swim bladder, 169, 558, 561
Swimmers’ ear, 351tab
Swimmer’s itch, 353tab, 356
Swimming pool(s), 377, 384, 385
Swiss cheese, 262
Symbiont, 260
Symbiosis, microbial, 565
Symbiosis, modeling of, 481
Symbiotic, 253
Sympathetic division, 181fig, 183
Synapse, 178, 178fig, 179, 180fig
Synechococcus, 241fig, 243tab
926 INDEX