Bahm Karl. Berlin 1945: The Final Reckoning
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well treated and became a friend of Ptolemy's (Diod. XIX 86, 1–2). It is not clear
whether he returned to Antigonos's service or remained thenceforth with Ptolemy.
Concerning his service with Alexander, it seems likely that the Andronikos, son of
Agerros, who in 330 negotiated the surrender of the Greek ex-mercenaries of Dareios
in Hyrkania and was then appointed their commander when they entered Alexander's
service
― 368 ―
(Arrian Anab. III 23, 9; 24, 5), was the same man as Andronikos of Olynthos. Berve
(below) denies such an identification on the grounds that Agerros is a Macedonian
name; but, if this is indeed so, there would be nothing very surprising about finding a
Macedonian name in use at Olynthos, particularly in what was evidently a pro-
Macedonian family. His use as a negotiator with, and then commander of, Greek
mercenaries suggests that Andronikos, son of Agerros, could well have been a Greek
himself, and hence none other than Andronikos of Olynthos. In 328 Andronikos took
part in the operations against Satibarzanes in Areia (Curt. VII 3, 3), after which
nothing further is heard of him until he appears in Antigonos's army at Tyre.
Further reading . U. Wilcken, RE s.v., no. 11; J. Kaerst, RE s.v., no. 10; Launey,
Recherches, pp. 301–4, 1170; Berve, nos. 78, 79.
10. ANTIGONOS, son of Demetrios, Macedonian
Sources . See J. Kaerst, RE s.v., no. 4.
Career . Antigonos, nicknamed Gonatas, was the grandson of Antigonos
Monophthalmos, the son of Demetrios and Phila. Since he died in 240/39 reputedly
aged eighty he must have been born in 319, which shows that his parents must have
married in mid 320. Obviously, then, he grew up under the rule of and at the court of
his grandfather, Monophthalmos. For an anecdote indicating his attachment to his
grandfather, see Plutarch Pyrrhos 34, 4, reporting that when he was shown the head
of his dead enemy Pyrrhos, he did not rejoice but was saddened, seeing in this a
reminder of the fate of his grandfather and father, who both experienced a similar
reversal of fortune to that of Pyrrhos. Antigonos Gonatas was in fact imbued with the
strong family loyalty that was such an attractive feature of the early Antigonids, being
devoted to both of his parents and on the best of terms with his half-brother, Krateros
(see Plut. Dem. 51, 1–2 and 53, 1–3 for Gonatas's devotion to Demetrios; Plut. Mor.
250f–253a and 486a for relations with Krateros).
Though the earliest activity recorded for Antigonos Gonatas is ca. 293, when he
was left in charge of Boiotia by his father (Plut. Dem. 39, 3–40, 2), it is obvious that
as grandson of Antigonos Monophthalmos and hence ultimately heir apparent to the
Antigonid realm, he must have received a thorough training in military and
administrative matters during the last years of Monophthalmos's life, when Gonatas
was in his later teens. Presumably he would have held military posts, either in Asia or
under Demetrios in Greece in the years 304–301, and he is likely to have fought with
his father at the battle of Ipsos, just like the then 18-year-old Pyrrhos, Demetrios's
brother-in-law (no.
― 369 ―
102 below). Tarn suggests (Ant. Gon., pp. 19–21) that at this time Antigonos would
have been sent away by Demetrios to Kassandros together with his mother Phila,
because of Demetrios's marriage with Deidameia; but there is no evidence for either
Phila or Antigonos having been sent away by Demetrios, and the absurdity of
assuming this of Antigonos at least is so patent that one scarcely need argue against
it. In fact, Demetrios was married to his wives concomitantly and held them all in
honor, but Phila in most honor as the first wife and mother of his eldest son (Plut.
Dem. 14, 2), so that Tarn's hypothesis is otiose. For Antigonos's further career, see
the works listed below.
Further reading . J. Kaerst, RE s.v., no. 4; Tarn, Antigonos Gonatas; Fellmann,
Antigonos Gonatas . . . und die griechischen Staaten; Edson, CPh 29 (1934):254–55;
M. Chambers, AJPh 75 (1954):385–94; R. W. Mathisen, AncW 1 (1978):71–4;
Buraselis, Das hellenistische Makedonien .
11. ANTISTHENES
Sources . Diodoros XX 50, 1 and 52, 5; cf. Plutarch Demetrios 16, 1.
Career . Antisthenes was an officer in Demetrios's fleet in Cyprus in 306. During
the great sea battle off Cyprian Salamis, Demetrios left Antisthenes with a
detachment of ten ships to block the harbor of Salamis and prevent Menelaos from
sailing out with his sixty ships to help his brother Ptolemy by attacking Demetrios in
the rear. Though Antisthenes was eventually beaten by Menelaos and forced to flee to
Demetrios's camp, he held out long enough to prevent Menelaos's sixty ships from
taking part in the battle, in which Demetrios destroyed Ptolemy's fleet.
Further reading . J. Kirchner, RE s.v., no. 2; Hauben, Vloothevelhebberschap, pp.
13, 114.
12. APOLLONIDES, son of Charops, from Kyzikos (?)
Sources . Plutarch Demetrios 50; IG II
2
492; Syll. no. 352, lines 11ff.; cf. also
SEG, 16, no. 58.
Career . Apollonides evidently served under Demetrios with some distinction in
the years 307–301 and became a good friend of the king. The Athenian decree
honoring him (IG II
2
492), as restored by Adolf Wilhelm (see below), gives a survey of
his dealings with Athens over a number of years down to ca. 302. He appears to have
helped Athenian fugitives from the great naval battle in the Hellespont in 322, when
the Athenians were decisively defeated by Kleitos during the Lamian War. The town of
Kyzikos is mentioned in connection with this, and was hence perhaps his home town.
The decree shows
― 370 ―
further that Apollonides was with Demetrios in Athens in 307/6, when Athens was
liberated from Kassandros and the democracy restored. For services in connection
with this, Apollonides was rewarded with Athenian citizenship in the deme Peiraieus.
Habicht has suggested (see below) that the decree awarding citizenship is the
fragment SEG, 16, no. 58 of 304/3, restoring in line 17 the name [Apollon]ides, but
this is uncertain (see Koumanoudes below).
After retailing this earlier history, the Athenian decree records the decision to
award further honors to Apollonides (a gold crown to be given at the Panathenaic
festival) because of his aid to the cause of Greek freedom while serving under the
kings (i.e., Antigonos and Demetrios). The reference seems to be to the campaign of
Demetrios in 303/2 culminating in the founding of the Hellenic League, with which
Apollonides was perhaps associated.
Apollonides is further attested as active under Antigonos and Demetrios by a
decree from Ephesos (Syll., no. 352) recording that he came there bearing good news
and communicating the goodwill of the kings. The decree is usually dated to 302, but
is perhaps rather from 306, the good news being of the battle of Cyprian Salamis and
the assumption of kingship by Antigonos and Demetrios. The two kings are praised in
the decree and awarded gold crowns, and goodnews sacrifices are decreed on their
behalf. At any rate, Apollonides was awarded Ephesian citizenship. Later, after the
battle of Ipsos (and perhaps as a result of capture in that battle), Apollonides entered
the service of Seleukos. Plutarch attests to this (Dem. 50), reporting that in 286
during Demetrios's desperate last campaign in Asia, it was Apollonides who—as an old
friend of Demetrios's—was sent by Seleukos to persuade Demetrios to surrender.
Further reading . Olshausen, Prosopographie, nos. 65 and 74; Wilhelm, "Att.
Urk." pt. 5, pp. 175ff.; Habicht, Gottmenschentum, p. 57 n. 9; J. Kirchner, RE s.v.,
no. 11; Wehrli, Antigone et Démétrios, p. 125 n. 147; Koumanoudes Horos 4
(1986):14–17.
13. APOLLONIOS, son of Dionysios, from Antigoneia
Sources. IG XII.9 210; and cf. Diodoros XX 110, 2.
Career . Apollonios was one of three brothers serving under Demetrios in Greece
in 304–302, who were honored by the people of Eretria for having been helpful to
Eretrians serving under Demetrios with ships. Presumably the decree is from 302, and
the campaign referred to is that of that year, when Demetrios sailed from Euboia to
Thessaly, thus turning Kassandros's position at Thermopylai.
Further reading . Ad. Wilhelm, AE, 1892, pp. 119–25.
― 371 ―
14. ARCHELAOS, from Macedon (?)
Sources . Diodoros XIX 100, 7; cf. XVIII 37, 4.
Career . A man of this name was left in charge of Tyre by Perdikkas in 321, and
helped Perdikkas's brother-in-law Attalos to make good his escape when the latter
was condemned to death after Perdikkas's demise. When Demetrios raided Babylonia
in 310, he left behind an officer named Archelaos with 6,000 men to continue the
siege of the citadel of Babylon. The two are probably one and the same man: a
considerable number of Perdikkas's officers subsequently joined Antigonos (e.g.,
Medeios of Larissa, Dokimos). Archelaos's name and the important military commands
entrusted to him suggest to me that he was probably Macedonian. His subsequent
fate is unknown; for a possible earlier career under Alexander, see Berve, nos. 157
and 158.
Further reading . J. Kirchner, RE s.v., nos. 19 and 20.
15. ARCHESTRATOS, son of Nikon, from Macedon
Sources . OGIS, no. 9 (= I. Ephesos, 5, no. 1452); IG XI.2 161b, line 76; cf.
also Diodoros XX 107, 5.
Career . Archestratos is honored in an Ephesian inscription as an oikeios (close
friend) of Demetrios, stationed as strategos at Klazomenai whence he protected
Ephesian grain ships. Evidently Archestratos was in command of a body of ships
based at Klazomenai. The date of the decree is probably 302, when Kassandros's
general Prepelaos temporarily seized Ephesos, but lost it again and was prevented
from seizing Klazomenai and Erythrai when Demetrios sent reinforcements by sea
(Diod. XX 107, 5). Most likely Archestratos was with Demetrios in Greece in 304–302,
and was sent with a squadron to Ionia when reports arrived of the successes being
won there by Prepelaos and Lysimachos (Diod. XX 107, 5). Possibly the same man is
the Archestratos mentioned in an inventory of dedications from Delos (IG XI.2 161b,
line 76), for this list mentions a number of prominent figures of the Diadoch period
known to us from other sources, including at least one who can be plausibly identified
as an Antigonid officer (see Peukestas no. 90 below). Probably these men made the
dedications while at Delos with Demetrios (who is also mentioned, at line 85) on one
of his campaigns in the Aegean.
Further reading . Hauben, Vlootbevelhebberschap, pp. 14–18; J. Kaerst, RE s.v.,
no. 11; Launey, Recherches, pp. 304, 644, 1174; Bengtson, Strategie, 1:190–93,
196.
16. ARISTODEMOS, son of Parthenios, of Miletos
― 372 ―
Sources . Diodoros XVIII 47,4; XIX 57,5; 60,1; 62,5; 63,3–64,4; 66, 1–6; and cf. XX
53, 1–2: Plutarch Demetrios 9 and 17; Plutarch Mor. 182d; OGIS , no. 5, lines 11, 48;
IG II
2
459; Rehm, Milet, 1, no. 123, line 11; Knibbe and Iplikçioglu, JÖAI 53
(1982):130–32.
Career . Aristodemos of Miletos was among Antigonos's oldest and most trusted
friends and helpers, used by him frequently on important diplomatic missions and
occasionally entrusted with military responsibilities as well. First mentioned in 319, he
was then already well trusted by Antigonos, and it is possible that he had served with
Antigonos when the latter was satrap of Phrygia (333–22). He may well have been
one of those close friends who accompanied Antigonos on his flight from Asia to
Antipatros in Macedon in 321. In 319 we hear from Diodoros (XVIII 47,4) that
Antigonos received the news of Antipatros's death from Aristodemos at Kretopolis in
Pisidia. Perhaps Aristodemos had been in Macedon and witnessed the death of
Antipatros and succession of Polyperchon as regent of the empire. We know that
earlier, having defeated Eumenes and shut him up in Nora, Antigonos had referred
the matter of a settlement with him to Antipatros (id. 41,7), and Eumenes himself
then sent envoys to Antipatros led by Hieronymos of Kardia (id. 42,1). Hieronymos
returned from Macedon at the very time that Aristodemos brought Antigonos news of
events there (id. 50,4), and it seems logical to assume that Aristodemos had been
sent by Antigonos to Macedon with Hieronymos to secure free passage for the latter
(as a companion of Eumenes he was an outlaw) and represent Antigonos in the
negotiations concerning Eumenes' fate.
During the next few years, when Antigonos fought Eumenes for control of Asia,
Aristodemos is not mentioned in our sources. In 314, however, when Ptolemy,
Seleukos, Kassandros, and Lysimachos had formed a coalition against Antigonos, the
latter sent Aristodemos with 1,000 talents to the Peloponnesos, instructing him to try
to establish friendly relations with Polyperchon and his son Alexandros, and to raise
mercenaries to fight against Kassandros in Greece. In this Aristodemos was
outstandingly successful (Diod. XIX 57,5; 60,1; 62,5; 63,3–64,4). Landing in Lakonia,
he enrolled 8,000 mercenaries, probably at the great mercenary fair on Cape
Tainaron. He established friendship with Polyperchon and Alexandros, granting the
former the title of general of the Peloponnesos on behalf of Antigonos and persuading
the latter to sail to Tyre for an interview with Antigonos. Hearing of Aristodemos's
successes, Kassandros himself came to the Pelponnesos to restore the situation there.
Kassandros
― 373 ―
made a tour of the cities and strengthened his position considerably, but as soon as
he had left again, Alexandros and Aristodemos went around subverting his
arrangements once more. At this Kassandros had recourse to diplomacy, and by some
important concessions he persuaded Alexandros to switch to his side.
At the time of this setback, Aristodemos was apparently in Aitolia, where he
persuaded the Aitolian League to make an alliance with Antigonos (Diod. XIX 66,1–6).
Having done so, he crossed back to the Peloponnesos with his mercenaries and saved
the city of Kyllene, which was being besieged by Alexandros. He went on to liberate
Patrai and Aigion in Achaia, though at the latter town his troops got out of hand and
pillaged the place. He then crossed back to Aitolia, leaving a strong force at Aigion,
which subsequently helped the people of neighboring Dyme to free themselves from
Alexandros's garrison.
In 312 Antigonos sent two further expeditions to the Peloponnesos under his
nephews Telesphoros and Polemaios, the latter of whom was made Antigonos's
general in charge of Greek affairs and thus Aristodemos's superior. He brought all of
Greece south of Thermopylai except Athens and a few Peloponnesian towns into
Antigonos's control. Kassandros thereupon opened negotiations with Polemaios, as a
result of which Aristodemos was sent with Kassandros's general Prepelaos to
Antigonos to report upon the negotiations (OGIS, no. 5, line 11), and peace was
made between Antigonos and Kassandros and Lysimachos, more or less on the basis
of the status quo. When Ptolemy of Egypt applied to Antigonos to be included in the
peace, Aristodemos was sent with Aischylos and Hegesias to Egypt to receive
Ptolemy's pledges (OGIS, no. 5, line 48). Thus Aristodemos had much to do with
bringing about the peace of 311.
In 307 Aristodemos accompanied Demetrios on his great expedition to Greece to
liberate Athens (Plut. Dem. 9). He was sent, after Demetrios's seizure of Peiraieus,
into Athens to negotiate with Demetrios of Phaleron, Kassandros's official in charge of
Athens. As a result, Demetrios of Phaleron withdrew under safe conduct to Thebes,
and Demetrios was able to announce the restoration of the Athenian democracy after
ten years of rule by Kassandros's oligarchic agents. For his involvement in this,
Aristodemos was honored by the Athenian people (IG II
2
459), though since only the
prescript of their decree survives, we cannot tell precisely what honors they awarded
him. No doubt Athenian citizenship would have been among them.
When Antigonos instructed Demetrios to sail down to Cyprus to
― 374 ―
face Ptolemy's forces there, Aristodemos sailed with him (306). He was present at the
great naval battle near Cyprian Salamis, where Demetrios annihilated Ptolemy's fleet
and captured all of Cyprus as a result. Aristodemos was chosen, no doubt as
Antigonos's oldest friend present, to bring the good news of the battle to Antigonos
(Plut. Dem. 17). In connection with this news, Plutarch describes a dramatic scene.
Antigonos was at his new city of Antigoneia-on-the-Orontes in Syria, where
Aristodemos came to meet him. A great crowd had gathered anxiously awaiting the
news from Cyprus, and as Aristodemos came up to Antigonos by the gate of the
palace, he cried out: "Hail, King Antigonos! We have defeated Ptolemy in a sea battle
and captured Cyprus, and we have 12,800 soldiers as prisoners of war." At this, the
crowd gave a great cheer and a diadem was brought to crown Antigonos as king. In
this way Aristodemos was instrumental in the elevation of Antigonos (and his son
Demetrios) to kingship. After what we have seen of Aristodemos's career, we shall
hardly concur with Plutarch's description of Aristodemos in connection with this as a
mere flatterer of Antigonos.
The crowning of Antigonos can be regarded as the high point of Aristodemos's
long and distinguished diplomatic and military career, and his selection to play this
role surely justifies describing him as the most important diplomat in Antigonos's
service. Indeed, throughout his career he seems to have been selected by Antigonos
and Demetrios for the most important and delicate diplomatic tasks, requiring tact,
persuasiveness, loyalty, and in general ability of a high order. After his great moment
at Antigoneia, we find Aristodemos back home in Miletos, where in 306/5 he filled the
office of stephanephoros (Rehm, Milet, 1, no. 123, line 11), the highest dignity Miletos
had to offer. That he continued thereafter in Antigonos's service is shown by a
recently published inscription from Ephesos (JÖAI 53 [1982]:130–32) honoring him
with Ephesian citizenship for helping an Ephesian embassy to the king concerning
freedom from taxation. The description of Antigonos as "the king" shows that the
decree is later than 306. An anecdote preserved by Plutarch (Mor. 182d) shows
Aristodemos as a top adviser at Antigonos's court, offering him financial advice
(which, however, Antigonos rejected as too parsimonious). After this Aristodemos
disappears from historical record.
Further reading . J. Kirchner, RE s.v., no. 16; P. Schoch, RE suppl. 4 s.v., no.
16; Habicht AJAH 2, no. 1 (1977):39 n. 3; Olshausen, Prosopographie, nos. 66 and
75; Gullath, Gesch. Boiotiens, pp. 161–63, and esp. n. 2 on p. 162.
― 375 ―
17. ARISTON, Macedonian
Sources . Diodoros XIX 59,3; Arrian Anab. III 11,8.
Career . Diodoros informs us that during Antigonos's siege of Tyre in 314 an
officer named Ariston handed over to Antigonos's daughter-in-law Phila the ashes and
bones of Krateros, her former husband, for burial, having been entrusted with these
by Eumenes in 321. It seems, then, that Ariston had been an officer of Eumenes, that
he was a friend (perhaps even a distant relative) of Krateros, and that after
Eumenes's defeat in 316 he entered Antigonos's service (for he was in Antigonos's
camp at Tyre). Such a man would probably have seen service under Alexander too,
and it has been suggested by Berve that the Ariston who led a squadron of the
Companion cavalry at the battle of Gaugamela is the same man who took care of
Krateros's remains for seven years.
Further reading . Berve, no. 137; J. Kirchner, RE s.v., no. 28.
18. ARRHIDAIOS, son of Alexandros, from Macedon
Sources. IG XII.9 212; I. Ephesos, 5, no. 1451.
Career . An inscription from Eretria (IG XII.9 212) records citizenship and other
honors accorded to a former officer of King Alexander's named Arrhidaios, son of
Alexandros, from Macedon. As an officer of the kings (i.e., Antigonos and Demetrios:
based on personal inspection of the stone, I read basileis at the end of line 6), he had
fought to free the Greek cities from their garrisons. The inscription probably dates
from 303/2, when Demetrios had established his Hellenic League. Perhaps the same
man is the Arrhidaios honored with citizenship by Ephesos, apparently about 316 (I.
Ephesos, 5, no. 1451). Only one officer of Alexander's named Arrhidaios is known,
namely, the man who at the conference in Babylon in 323 was charged with
supervision of Alexander's funeral cortege (Diod. XVIII 3,5). It is possible that the
man honored at Eretria was the same man, in which case Arrhidaios must have joined
Antigonos's service after defeat and capture in the naval battle near Byzantion in 317,
in which Arrhidaios fought against Antigonos.
Further reading . J. Kaerst, RE s.v., no. 5.
19. ASKLEPIADES of Byzantion
Sources . IG II
2
555.
Career . All that is known of Asklepiades comes from the second part of an
Athenian decree granting honors to him. Since the first half is not preserved, we do
not know what he had done to earn these
― 376 ―
honors, but whatever it was, it was connected with the activities of Demetrios to
liberate the Greeks. The mention of tous basileis in line 4 makes it clear that
Asklepiades was an officer of Antigonos and Demetrios. The extravagant nature of the
honors awarded him ( a crown of 1,000 drachmas' value, a bronze statue of 3,000
drachmas, and three ambassadors to report on this in Byzantion, as well as lesser
honors) indicates that he must have been a very important man. The inscription dates
from between 306 and 303: the terminus post quem is given by the use of basileis
referring to Antigonos and Demetrios; the terminus ante quem is given by the crown
of 1,000 drachmas, as in 303 a law was passed limiting the value of honorary crowns,
and all subsequent decrees refer to a crown katatonnomon . The mention of touV
allouV 'EllhnaV in line 5, presumably referring to Demetrios's campaigns in central
Greece and the Peloponnesos, makes it probable that Asklepiades accompanied
Demetrios on his second expedition to Greece, and that the decree is thus from 304/3
B.C.
Further reading . None.
20. ASKLEPIODOROS (son of Philon?)
Sources . Diodoros XIX 48,5; Arrian Anab. III 16,4, and cf. Diodoros XIX 92,4.
Career . Asklepiodoros was the man selected by Antigonos in 315 to replace
Peukestas as satrap of Persis (Diod. XIX 48,5). One would expect him to have had
previous experience of the East and of administration. Hence it is tempting to identify
him with the Asklepiodoros, son of Philon, who was placed in charge of financial
administration in Babylonia by Alexander in 330 (Arrian Anab . III 16,4), though this
cannot be proved. Two other Asklepiodoroi are known under Alexander, both military
men (Berve, nos. 167 and 168). Asklepiodoros was evidently dead by 311, as
Diodoros (XIX 92,4) in that year mentions a certain Euagoras as satrap of Persis. It is
also possible, of course, that Asklepiodoros may simply have been replaced by
Antigonos without our sources mentioning it.
Further reading . Berve, no. 169; J. Kaerst, RE s.v., nos. 6 and 9.
21. ASPEISAS, Persian or Elamite
Sources . Diodoros XIX 55,1; Robinson, NC , 5th ser., 1 (1921):37f.
Career . Aspeisas was appointed satrap of Susiane by Antigonos during his
reordering of the eastern satrapies in 315 (Diod. XIX 55, 1). Diodoros's report on this
is confirmed by the finding of Asiatic posthumous Alexander coins bearing on the
reverse the legend ASPEI-
― 377 ―
SOU , which indicates that the coins were struck at Susa when Aspeisas was satrap.
Diodoros calls the man a native of Susiane, which may indicate that he was an
Elamite, or perhaps rather a Persian. Either way, he is one of the few non-Greek
officers of Antigonos recorded in our sources.
Further reading . Hornblower, Hieronymus of Cardia , p. 116.
22. ATHENAIOS
Sources . Diodoros XIX 94, 1–96, 2.
Career . Athenaios was an officer in Antigonos's army in 312, when he was sent
with 4,600 men under his command on an expedition to subdue the Nabataians of
Petra, now in modern Jordan. He was initially very successful, capturing Petra in a
surprise attack and seizing a large amount of booty. During his return march,
however, he was careless after his success, and gave the Nabataians a chance to
surprise him in a night attack. Athenaios's force was annihilated except for a small
number of horsemen, who escaped to Antigonos. It is not clear whether Athenaios
escaped with these men or died in the night attack. The former seems more probable
in view of the complaints against Athenaios lodged by the Nabataians with Antigonos,
who dissociated himself from Athenaios's actions. At any rate, no further employment
of Athenaios is recorded.
Further reading . J. Kirchner, RE s.v., no. 1.
23. [BIAN]OR (?)
Sources . SEG , 16, no. 58 (= Hesperia 7 [1938]:297, no. 22); cf. A. Woodward,
ABSA 51 (1956):5–6.
Career . An Athenian inscription in a very fragmentary state records honors for
at least one envoy or officer of Demetrios's in the year of the archon Pherekles
(304/3). The decree was moved by the noted pro-Antigonid politician Stratokles, on
the same day as similar decrees for nos. 40 and 110 below. Line 1 preserves remains
of a name in the genitive case (---oros), suggesting to Woodward the name Bianor
(Theanor and Euenor are other possibilities). Several names of other honorands used
to be restored at lines 15–16 (e.g., [A]n[t]ime[de]s, [Apollon]ides), but see now
Koumanoudes (below) against this.
Further reading . Koumanoudes Horos 4 (1986): 14–17.
24. BLITOR
Sources . Appian Syr . 53.
Career . Appian mentions that Antigonos removed Blitor from
― 378 ―
office as satrap of Mesopotamia in 315 for having allowed Seleukos to escape through
his territory to Egypt. Since the satrap of Mesopotamia appointed at Triparadeisos
was Amphimachos, who in 317 had joined Eumenes in his war against Antigonos
(Diod. XVIII 39,6; XIX 27,4), one must suppose that Blitor was a subordinate of
Antigonos himself, appointed satrap in 317 when Antigonos was wintering in
Mesopotamia on his way to fight Eumenes (Diod. XIX 15,6).
Further reading . J. Kaerst, RE s.v. Blitor; Schober, Gesch. Babyloniens , pp. 88
and 95 n. 1.
25. BOIOTOS, Macedonian (?)
Sources . Diodoros XIX 85,2.
Career . Boiotos was one of those who died at the battle of Gaza in late 312, on
which occasion Diodoros (i.e., Hieronymos?) says of him that he had for a long time
lived with Antigonos and shared in all his state secrets (meteschkwVpantoVaporrhton
). Although this is the only mention of Boiotos in our sources, it suffices to permit the
conjecture that he was probably a personal friend of Antigonos's long before 323, for
he is presented here as one of Antigonos's most trusted confidants. On the same
grounds Kirchner (see below) conjectures that he was probably Macedonian.
Further reading . J. Kirchner, RE s.v., no. 8.
26. BOURICHOS, Greek (?)
Sources . Diodoros XX 52,4; Demochares apud Athenaios VI 253a (= FGrH , no.
75 F 1).
Career . Bourichos was an officer under Demetrios at the battle of Salamis in
Cyprus, and was charged, together with Neon (no. 78 below), with the task of picking
up survivors after the battle (Diod. XX 52,4). Since Demochares names him together
with the well-known Adeimantos of Lampsakos and Oxythemis of Larissa as a
"flatterer" of Demetrios who received heroic honors at Athens, he must have been an
important man, and probably a Greek like his two colleagues.
Further reading . U. Wilcken, RE s.v. Burichos; Habicht, Gottmenschentum , pp.
55–58; Hauben, Vlootbevelhebberschap , pp. 114–15.
27. CHAIREAS
Sources . Buckler and Robinson, Sardis VII , no. 1, line 1.
Career . The famous Mnesimachos inscription from Sardis mentions Chaireas as
having conducted an inquiry into either the tenure or extent of an estate then
awarded to Mnesimachos by Antigonos on
― 379 ―
the basis (presumably) of that inquiry. Hence it appears that Chaireas was a judicial
or administrative official in Lydia under Antigonos. Nothing further is known of him.
Further reading . Debord, Aspects , app. 5, pp. 244–51.
28. DEMARCHOS, son of Taron, from Lykia
Sources . OGIS , no. 5, line 5; Syll ., no. 333.
Career . Demarchos is mentioned (according to a plausible restoration) in the
Skepsis inscription (OGIS , no. 5, line 5) as a diplomat involved in the negotiations
between Antigonos and Kassandros in 311. This is probably the same man as the
Lykian Demarchos, son of Taron, who was captain of Phila's bodyguard ca. 305/4
according to a Samian inscription (Syll ., no. 333). The Samians praised him for
having helped them during their exile (before 322), and for his continuing goodwill
they granted him citizenship. A certain Demarchos is known to have been satrap of
Hellespontine Phrygia between ca. 327 and 321 (Arrian Met' Alex . 1,6), but it is
impossible to say whether this is the same man.
Further reading . J. Kirchner, RE s.v., no. 3; Olshausen, Prosopographie , no. 67;
P. Schoch, RE suppl. 4 s.v., no. 6; Welles, RC , p. 9; and cf. Berve, no. 255; H.
Willrich, RE s.v., no. 5.
29. DEMETRIOS, son of Antigonos, Macedonian
Sources . Diodoros XVIII 23,4; XIX 29,4; 40,1; 59,3; XIX 69,1–100,7 and XX
passim; Plutarch Demetrios passim esp. 2,1–29,5; Plut. Eum . 18,3; Plut. Pyr . 4,2–3;
for further sources, see J. Kaerst, RE s.v., no. 33.
Career . Nothing like a complete account of the career of Demetrios can be given
here, for such would be unsuited to the scale of this prosopography. Suffice it to say
that he is attested first in 321, when he fled with his father from Asia Minor to Greece
(Diod. XVIII 23,4); that he accompanied his father throughout the eastern anabasis of
317–315, fighting beside Antigonos in the crucial battles of Paraitakene (Diod. XIX
29,4) and Gabiene, where he commanded the right wing cavalry (Diod. XIX 40,1),
and pleading with his father to spare the life of Eumenes after the latter battle (Plut.
Eum . 18,3); and that from 312 on he was his father's right-hand man and chief
battle commander, culminating in his command of Antigonos's cavalry at the battle of
Ipsos in 301, where his reckless pursuit of the defeated enemy cavalry seems to have
been chiefly responsible for losing the battle. His relations with his father were never
other than exemplary,
― 380 ―
as a number of anecdotes preserved by Plutarch attest (e.g., Dem . 3,1–2; 14,3;
19,3–6). For full-length treatments of Demetrios's career, see (besides chaps. 3–5
above) the works cited below.
Further reading . J. Kaerst, RE s.v., no. 33; Dimitrakos, Demetrios Poliorketes
und Athen; Elkeles, Demetrios der Städtebelagerer; Manni, Demetrio Poliorcete;
Wehrli, Antigone et Démétrios; Bengtson, Herrschergestalten des Hellenismus , pp.
64–90.
30. DIODOROS
Sources . Polyainos IV 7,3 and 4.
Career . Diodoros was an officer in command of mercenaries under Demetrios at
Sikyon in 303, and hence presumably was with Demetrios throughout his second
Greek campaign, 304–302. In 301 Demetrios made Diodoros phrourarchos at Ephesos
after the battle of Ipsos, but when he heard reports that Diodoros was planning to
betray the city to Lysimachos, he rushed back and deposed him.
Further reading . P. Schoch, RE suppl. 4 s.v., no. 19a; J. Kirchner, RE s.v., no.
20.
31. DIONYSIOS, Macedonian from Amphipolis (?)
Sources . IG II
2
560; Habicht AM 72 (1957), no. 4.
Career . An inscription from Athens of the period 306–301 contains a decree
proposed by the prominent pro-Antigonid politician Stratokles to honor Dionysios and
another man whose name is not preserved, who are officers of the kings (i.e.,
Antigonos and Demetrios). Since we know, then, of an officer of Antigonos named
Dionysios, it is tempting to identify as the same man a Macedonian named Dionysios
who was honored by the Samians (AM 72 [1957], no. 4) ca. 319–307. It is natural to
assume that a Macedonian honored at Samos in this period is likely to have been an
officer in one of the Hellenistic kingdoms, most probably that of Antigonos, in whose
sphere of influence Samos was at this time. However, as the name Dionysios was
very common, it is possible that we are dealing here with two separate officers of
Antigonos's.
Further reading . P. Schoch, RE suppl. 4 s.v., no. 69a.
32. DIONYSIOS, son of Klearchos, of Herakleia Pontika
Sources . Diodoros XVI 88,5; XX 77,1; Nymphis apud Athenaios XII 549a–d (=
FGrH , no. 432 F 10); Memnon in FGrH , no. 434 Fs 2,1; 3,1; 3,3; 4,1–9; Strabo XII
544; Poole, BMC Pontos 141–42 (coins of Dionysios).
Career . Dionysios of Herakleia was the son of the tyrant Klear-
― 381 ―
chos of Herakleia and brother of the latter's successor, Timotheos, under whose rule
in the 340s Dionysios was first allowed a share in the government of Herakleia
(Memnon Fs 2,1; 3,1; 3,3). When Timotheos died in 337/36, Dionysios succeeded him
as tyrant and ruled for thirty-two years, until 306/5 (Diod. XVI 88,5; XX 77,1). The
destruction of Persian power in Asia Minor by Alexander gave Dionysios opportunities
to expand his own power, which he exploited carefully and successfully; personal
enemies at Alexander's court (exiles from Herakleia) were unable to harm him due to
the advocacy on his behalf of Alexander's sister Kleopatra (Memnon F 4,1). After
Alexander's death he married Amestris, the ex-wife of Krateros, and was an opponent
of Perdikkas (Strabo XII 544; Memnon F 4,3–4); his power and wealth grew to such
an extent that he was able to purchase the extraordinary personal belongings of the
extyrant Dionysios of Syracuse (Memnon F 4,5).
In 314, when Antigonos was strengthening his grip on Asia Minor, Dionysios
came to an agreement with Antigonos's nephew Polemaios (no. 100 below),
presumably recognizing Antigonos's sovereignty, and sealed the compact by marrying
his daughter to Polemaios (Memnon F 4,6). At some time he served under Antigonos
in Cyprus either (as Kaerst hypothesizes) in 306 against Ptolemy, or more probably
against the Perdikkan forces on Cyprus in 320 (Memnon F 4,6; cf. Arrian Met' Alex .
24,6; 1,30). As a one-time officer of Antigonos's, a loyal ally, and a relative by
marriage, it is not surprising that Dionysios prospered under Antigonos's rule of Asia.
He received from his subjects the sobriquet of "the Good" (Chrestos), and died in his
fifty-sixth year, leaving two young sons (Klearchos and Oxathres), of whom Antigonos
was named guardian (Memnon F 4, 8–9).
Further reading . J. Kaerst, RE s.v., no. 66; Burstein, Outpost of Hellenism , pp.
75–81.
33. DIOSKOURIDES, son of Polemaios (?), Macedonian
Sources . Diodoros XIX 62,7–9; 68,4.
Career . Dioskourides was a nephew of Antigonos's (Diod. XIX 62,9), so perhaps
a brother of Antigonos's other nephew, Polemaios, son of Polemaios. He served under
his uncle as an admiral in the years 314–313. When Antigonos was collecting a fleet,
Dioskourides was apparently put in charge of ordering ships from the Hellespont and
of the ship-building program on Rhodes, for we hear that in spring 313 he joined
Antigonos at Tyre with 80 ships from the Hellespont and Rhodes (Diod. XIX 62,9). He
was then sent out with 190 ships to
― 382 ―
tour the Aegean and bring the islands over to Antigonos's side. Since it appears that it
was at this very time that the so-called League of the Islanders was founded under
Antigonos's auspices, it is often supposed that Dioskourides' mission was what led to
the foundation of this league (see esp. Buraselis, below). At the end of 313 we find
Dioskourides still active with his fleet in the Aegean, when he protected the island of
Lemnos, which had gone over to Antigonos, against an Athenian attack prompted by
Kassandros (Diod. XIX 68,4). Subsequently we hear nothing more of Dioskourides.
Perhaps he died young or was involved in the rebellion of his brother or cousin
Polemaios against Antigonos.
Further reading . J. Kirchner, RE s.v. Dioscurides, no. 1; Guggenmos, Geschichte
des Nesiotenbundes , pp. 27–29; Buraselis, Das hellenistische Makedonien , pp. 34,
41–44, 64–67; Hauben, Vlootbevelhebberschap , pp. 27–30.
34. DIPHILOS
Sources . Diodoros XIX 91,3–5.
Career . Diphilos was the officer placed in charge of the citadel of Babylon under
Antigonos (315–311). When Seleukos returned to Babylonia in 311, Diphilos remained
loyal to Antigonos and, in the absence of the satrap of Babylonia, Peithon (killed at
the battle of Gaza), he led the resistance to Seleukos. Since some of the district
officers went over to Seleukos, those loyal to Antigonos took refuge with Diphilos in
the citadel of Babylon, but Seleukos was able to capture the place after a short siege.
Diphilos's subsequent fate is not recorded.
Further reading . J. Kirchner, RE s.v., no. 8; Schober, Gesch. Babyloniens , pp.
95–97.
35. DOKIMOS, Macedonian
Sources . Arrian Met' Alex . 24,3–5; Plutarch Eum . 8; Diodoros XVIII 44,1–45,3;
XIX 16, 1–5; 75,3–4; XX 107,3–4; Pausanias I 8, 1; L. Robert, RPh , 3d ser., 8
(1934):267–68 (inscriptions and coins of Dokimeion); and cf. Polyainos IV 6,7.
Career . Although he is never mentioned in any history of Alexander, it is clear
from the prominence of Dokimos immediately after Alexander's death that he must
have been an important officer in Alexander's army. After the death of Alexander, he
was a partisan of the regent Perdikkas, who quickly promoted him to the rank of
satrap: in 321 Perdikkas sent him to replace the unreliable Archon as satrap of
Babylonia, which Dokimos was able to do after a struggle
― 383 ―
(Arrian Met' Alex. 24, 3–5). After the death of Perdikkas, Dokimos was one of the
prominent Perdikkans condemned to death by the Macedonians, and he fled from his
satrapy to the other condemned Perdikkan leaders in Asia Minor, where in 320 he
disputed Eumenes' right to lead the Perdikkan forces (Plut. Eum. 8).
The result of this dispute was a split in the Perdikkan camp, and Dokimos was
one of the faction headed by Alketas and Attalos who removed to Pisidia. There they
were attacked in a brilliant campaign by Antigonos in 319 and utterly routed.
Dokimos, along with the other leaders Attalos, Polemon, and Philotas, was captured
by Antigonos and imprisoned in a fortress near the Phrygian border (Diod. XVIII 44,
1–45, 3; Polyainos IV 6, 7). In 316, while Antigonos was away in the east fighting
Eumenes, Dokimos and his companions succeeded in surprising their guard and
seizing control of the fortress which was their prison. This led immediately to a heated
dispute between Dokimos, who wished to break out into the countryside and make
good their escape, and Attalos, who wished to remain in the fortress and await help
from Eumenes. When Dokimos lost the argument and the confederates found
themselves besieged in the fort by Antigonid troops under Antigonos's wife,
Stratonike, Dokimos decided to save himself by betraying his friends. Having
established contact with Stratonike, he left the fort by a secret route with one friend
and betrayed the secret route to the enemy. Attalos and the rest, after holding out in
the fort for nearly a year, were captured and apparently killed (Diod. XIX 16, 1–5).
Dokimos, meanwhile, seems to have entered the service of Antigonos, for we
find a man with that name in 312 as general in charge of the expedition to liberate
Miletos from the Macedonian dynast Asandros (Diod. XIX 75, 3–4). He subsequently
rose to be general in charge of the district around Synnada in central Phrygia, where
he was permitted or even encouraged by Antigonos to found a town named
Dokimeion after himself (Robert, RPh, 3d ser., 8 [1934]:267–68). When Antigonos
was attacked by the coalition of 302 and Lysimachos invaded Asia Minor, however,
Dokimos once again proved faithless, going over to Lysimachos and betraying to him
Synnada and several royal treasuries (Diod. XX 107, 3–4; Paus. 1 8, 1). His
subsequent fate is unknown.
Further reading . J. Kaerst, RE s.v., nos. 4, 5; Berve, no. 285; Schober, Gesch.
Babyloniens, pp. 38–41; Simpson, Historia 6 (1957):504–5; Hornblower, Hieronymus,
pp. 125–26; Launey, Recherches, 1:342.
― 384 ―
36. DRAKON, son of Straton, of Kos
Sources . Schede, AM 44 (1919), no. 5 H; Habicht, AM 72 (1957), no. 21.
Career . Drakon was an official at the court of Antigonos, as we learn from a
decree honoring him from Samos (first published by Schede, improved by Habicht).
The decree dates from the years 306-301 (Antigonos has the royal title) and mentions
that Drakon gave aid to Samian ambassadors to Antigonos, from which it may be
inferred that Drakon's duties at Antigonos's court were (whether in whole or in part)
diplomatic. Nothing else is known of him.
Further reading . P. Schoch, RE suppl. 4 s.v., no. 12a; SEG, 1, no. 354.
37. EPIMACHOS of Athens