Bahm Karl. Berlin 1945: The Final Reckoning

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

Sources . Vitruvius X 164; Athenaios Peri mech. 27, 2; cf. Plutarch Demetrios

21, 1 and Diodoros XX 91.

Career . Epimachos was an architect and engineer in Antigonid employ who

served with Demetrios at the siege of Rhodes and built the famous helepolis, the

great metal-clad siege tower on wheels which Demetrios employed against Rhodes,

like the one he had used earlier at Cyprian Salamis (Diod. XX 48). Since the helepolis

built to capture Salamis was constructed in 306, only a year before the siege of

Rhodes, it is likely that Epimachos was at least partly responsible for that siege tower

also. Whether he continued in Demetrios's service later and was responsible for

further works of military architecture and engineering is unknown; his name is

preserved for us only through the fame of the Rhodian helepolis .

Further reading . E. Fabricius, RE s.v., no. 3; Marsden, Greek and Roman

Artillery, 1:107–8; 2:84–85; Wehrli, Antigone et Démétrios, pp. 208–11.

38. EUAGORAS

Sources . Diodoros XIX 48, 2; 92, 1–4.

Career . When Antigonos rearranged the upper satrapies in 315, he appointed a

certain Euitos satrap of Areia/Drangiane, but when this man died immediately

afterwards, he replaced him with Euagoras (Diod. XIX 48, 2). From this appointment

it is clear that Euagoras was a high-ranking and well-trusted officer under Antigonos,

though this is the first time he appears in the sources. Diodoros characterizes him as

"a man admired both for courage and shrewdness." Four years later, in 311, one

"Euagros" is named as fighting in the army of

― 385 ―

Nikanor, Antigonos's overseer of the upper satrapies (Diod. XIX 92, 1–4). This man,

who died in battle against Seleukos, is described as satrap of the Persians, and is

thought to be none other than Euagoras. Hornblower (see below) points out that the

descriptive phrase attached to the first mention of Euagoras by Diodoros is a device

typically used by that writer to pick out a person who is going to appear more than

once in his work. Presumably the satrap of Persia (Asklepiodoros, no. 20 above) died

or was deposed some time after 315, and Euagoras was appointed to take his place,

either instead of or in addition to the satrapy of Areia. Athenaios (Deipnosophistai VI

244f) mentions a certain hunchbacked parasite of Demetrios's also named Euagoras,

who must be a different person, in view of the fact that the eastern satrap died in 311

before Demetrios was really prominent.

Further reading . H. Willrich, RE s.v. Euagoras, no. 10, and Euagros, no. 3;

Hornblower, Hieronymus, p. 279 and n. 20.

39. EUITOS

Sources . Diodoros XIX 48, 2.

Career . Euitos was appointed satrap of Areia/Drangiane by Antigonos in 315.

Evidently he was a person of considerable trust and consequence in Antigonos's

entourage, though nothing else is known of him. He died immediately after taking up

his post, and was replaced by Euagoras.

Further reading . None.

49. HERODOROS, son of Ph—–, from —–kos

Sources . IG II

646.

Career . Herodoros was honored by the Athenians in 294 for helping to expedite

their negotiations with Demetrios. In lines 9–10 the inscription records that Herodoros

had already shown himself well-disposed to Athens in earlier times, when he was

serving with (diatribwnpara ) Antigonos the king. From this one can conclude that

Herodoros was an official in Antigonos's employ in 306-301, and remained loyal to

Demetrios after Ipsos. Of his ethnic only the letters ---khnoV are preserved, from

which one may conjecture that he was from the Hellespontine region (Kyzikos,

Lampsakos, or Astakos). His service with Antigonos and Demetrios appears to have

been largely diplomatic in nature: in 295/94 he was involved in the peace

negotiations between Athens and Demetrios, and no doubt his earlier goodwill was

demonstrated during one of the diplomatic interchanges between Athens and

Antigonos and Demetrios in 307-302.

― 390 ―

Further reading . P. Schoch, RE suppl. 4 s.v., no. 3a; Habicht, Untersuchungen, pp.

4–7; SEG, 29, no. 95; Osborne, Naturalisation in Athens, no. D 68.

50. HIERON

Sources . Blümel, I. Iasos, 1, no. 2; cf. Diodoros XIX 75, 5.

Career . Hieron was one of three officers named in the above inscription (see

also nos. 65 and 108 below), which records a treaty between these officers, the

people of Iasos, and Ptolemy. It dates without doubt from 309/8, when Ptolemy

campaigned along the coast of Lykia and Karia (Diod. XX 27, 1–3). They and their

troops were apparently stationed in the area of Iasos by Polemaios, Antigonos's

nephew and general (see line 10) who had captured Iasos on behalf of Antigonos in

312 (Diod. XIX 75, 5). Hence it follows that Hieron and his two colleagues were in the

service of Antigonos at least between about 312 and 309.

Further reading . Pugliese Carratelli, ASAA, n.s., 29/30 (1967/68):437–45, no.

1; J. and L. Robert, "Bull. ép.;" 1971, no. 620; Garlan, ZPE 18 (1975):193–98;

Bagnall, Ptolemaic Administration, pp. 89–91.

51. HIERONYMOS of Kardia

Sources . Diodoros XVIII 42, 1; 50, 4; XIX 44, 3; 100, 1–3; Plutarch Eum. 12

and Demetrios 39, 3–7; [Loukianos] Makrobioi 11; 13; 22; Josephus Contra Apionem

I 213–14; Pausanias I 9, 8; Appian Mithridatika 8; Suda s.v. Hieronymos Kardianos;

and cf. Buschor, Misc. Acad. Berol. 2 (1950): 25–30.

Career . Hieronymos of Kardia, the great historian of the Diadochoi, is one of the

most interesting men of his day. After having served successively under Eumenes of

Kardia, Antigonos Monophthalmos, Demetrios, and Antigonos Gonatas, he reputedly

lived to be 104, hale and hearty to the end ([Louk.] Makrob. 22, following the second-

century B.C. historian Agatharchides). The precise termini of his life are not known:

he is first mentioned serving under Eumenes in 319 (Diod. XVIII 42, 1) and certainly

lived to record in his history the death of Mithridates Ktistes of Pontos in 266 ([Louk.]

Makrob. 13). He is described as the friend and fellow-citizen of Eumenes (Diod. XVIII

50,4), but was in fact almost certainly Eumenes' nephew. Eumenes was himself the

son of a Hieronymos of Kardia (Arrian Ind. 18,7), and the common Greek custom

which decreed that grandfather and grandson should have the same name suggests

strongly that the father of Eumenes and the famous Hieronymos of Kardia stood in

― 391 ―

that relationship towards one another. Hieronymos should then be somewhat younger

than Eumenes, who was born ca. 360 (he was 45 at the time of his death in winter

316/15: Nepos Eum. 13); one may reasonably place Hieronymos's birth ca. 350, and

his death about the middle of the third century B.C. .

Hieronymos was, then, a near contemporary of Alexander the Great (born 356),

and it is likely that he would have accompanied his uncle Eumenes already for all or

part of the latter's service under Alexander in Asia (cf. e.g., Hieronymos's contention

that Alexander never passed through Kappadokia: Appian Mith. 8), and was present

in Babylon when Alexander died. In 319 Eumenes, besieged at Nora by Antigonos,

sent Hieronymos as his ambassador to treat with Antipatros in Macedon (Diod. XVIII

42, 1). Hieronymos returned from Macedon bearing news of Antipatros's death and an

offer of partnership from Antigonos (Diod. XVIII 50,4; Plut. Eum. 12), which Eumenes

did not accept. During all of his subsequent vicissitudes, Eumenes was accompanied

by Hieronymos, until the final battle with Antigonos at Gabiene in 316 that ended

Eumenes' career and life. Hieronymos was wounded and captured in this battle; but

Antigonos received him with kindness, won his trust, and persuaded him to enter his

service (Diod. XIX 44,3). Thenceforth Hieronymos remained a loyal officer of the

Antigonid monarchs.

We next hear of him in 311, when he was entrusted by Antigonos with the task

of overseeing the collection of bitumen from the Dead Sea, which Antigonos hoped to

make a valuable source of revenue (Diod. XIX 100, 1–3), but which turned into a

fiasco due to the violent oppositon of the local Arabs. Diodoros describes Hieronymos

simply as the epimeletes of this operation, but other evidence suggests that he may

have had a wider competence. Josephus (Contra Apionem I 213–14) complains that

Hieronymos made no mention whatsoever of the Jews in his history, despite the fact

that he practically lived among them, having been placed in charge of Syria by

Antigonos (thn Surian epetropeuen ). Perhaps we should regard Hieronymos as being

at this time governor of Koile Syria (modern Palestine) in which position the oversight

of operations round the Dead Sea would naturally have fallen to him. How long he

may have held this post is not known; in 301 he appears to have been with Antigonos

at the battle of Ipsos in Phrygia, for the author of the Makrobioi, in citing Hieronymos

for Antigonos's age at death, describes him as fighting with Antigonos ([Louk.]

Makrob. 11: o sustrateuomenoV autwi ). He may have been honored by the Samians

ca. 312-307, as a Samian inscription of this period (Buschor above, and cf. Habicht,

AM 72

― 392 ―

[1957]:259) honors a Kardian officer of Demetrios whose name no longer survives,

but Hieronymos would exactly fill the gap.

After Ipsos he evidently fled along with Demetrios to Greece, for in 293 he was

made governor of Thebes by Demetrios (Plut. Dem. 39, 3–7). He did not accompany

Demetrios on his last desperate campaign in Asia in 286, remaining rather with

Antigonos Gonatas, under whom he presumably passed the remainder of his long and

eventful life. It is commonly supposed that he wrote his history in his old age under

the patronage of Antigonos Gonatas, a supposition which finds support, at least as far

as the later parts of it are concerned, from two passages in Pausanias, in which

Hieronymos is accused of being unfairly favorable towards Gonatas (I 9,8) and yet

excused for this because a man living under a king must necessarily write to please

him (I 13,9). Nevertheless, the evident detail and accuracy of his work suggests that

he must have taken notes of events not long after they happened, unless he was

gifted with a truly phenomenal memory for detail.

Further reading . F. Jacoby, RE s.v., no. 10; id. FGrH, no. 154; Berve, no. 383;

Brown, AHR 53 (1947):684–96; Reuss, Hieronymos von Kardia; Rosen, AClass 10

(1967):41–94; Hornblower, Hieronymus; Olshausen, Prosopographie, nos. 1, 69.

52. HIPPARCHOS, son of Heniochos, of Kyrene

Sources . Habicht, AM 72 (1957):188–90, no. 22.

Career . An inscription from Samos records a decree of the Samians honoring

Hipparchos for kindness he has shown to Samian soldiers under his command in

Karia, as well as for goodwill shown towards the Samians both before and after their

exile (from which they returned in 322). Lines 5–6 refer to him as an officer of King

Antigonos, which indicates that the decree belongs to the years 306–301 (the royal

title). In lines 6–7 Hipparchos's current position is restored by Habicht as nun [te

tetagmeno ]VegKariai , though in the app. crit. he gives an alternative restoration,

proposed by Hiller von Gaertringen: n [un destrathgwn ] egKariai . Whichever is

correct, it is clear that Hipparchos was a fairly high-ranking officer of Antigonos

stationed in Karia, with (among others, no doubt) an allied contingent from Samos

under his command.

Further reading . SEG, 1, no. 358.

53. HIPPODAMAS, son of Dionysios, from Antigoneia

Sources . IG XII.9 210; and cf. Diodoros XX 110, 2.

Career . Hippodamas was one of three brothers serving under

― 393 ―

Demetrios in Greece in 304-302 who were honored by the Eretrians for having been

helpful to citizens of Eretria serving under Demetrios with ships. See further

Apollonios, no. 13 above.

Further reading . Ad. Wilhelm, AE, 1892, pp. 119–25.

54. HIPPOSTRATOS (son of Oxythemis, from Larissa?)

Sources . Diodoros XIX 46, 5–47, 2; and cf. Syll., no. 343, lines 6–7, 17–18.

Career . In early 315 Antigonos, having defeated Eumenes, was alarmed by

reports that the powerful Peithon, son of Krateuas, satrap of Media, was

contemplating revolt. He sent to Peithon offering to make him general in charge of all

the upper satrapies, which offer brought Peithon to Antigonos's camp, where he was

arrested, tried, and executed (Diod. XIX 46, 1–4). In his place, Antigonos made the

Mede Orontobates satrap of Media, and a certain Hippostratos was appointed general,

with a force of 3,500 men. It is thought that the term strategos referring to

Hippostratos (Diod. XIX 46, 5) picks up the term strathgoVtwnanwsatrapeiwn , the

position offered to Peithon, and that Hippostratos held that post. The size of the force

entrusted to him, and the fact that subsequently Antigonos did have a "general of the

upper satrapies" in 311, namely Nikanor (Diod. XIX 100, 3), support the notion that

Hippostratos indeed held that post. The precise date of his replacement by Nikanor is

not known, but it seems likely that it was quite shortly after his appointment, still in

315. For Orontobates and Hippostratos were attacked by a band of Peithon's

supporters under Meleagros and Menoitas and fared rather badly against them (Diod.

XIX 47, 1–3). Perhaps this provided the occasion for Antigonos to appoint Nikanor:

possibly Hippostratos (who is never heard of again) died in the first attack by

Meleagros and his friends (cf. Schober, below).

The well-known officer and diplomat of Antigonos and Demetrios, Oxythemis of

Larissa (no. 86 below), was the son of a Hippostratos and clearly the nephew of

Antigonos's friend and admiral Medeios, son of Oxythemis, of Larissa (no. 68 below).

It has been plausibly conjectured by Dittenberger (Syll., no. 343 n. 1) that the

general Hippostratos is the brother of Medeios and father of Oxythemis, serving

Antigonos like the rest of his family. For a family tree, see Berve, no. 521 (Medeios).

Further reading . W. Otto, RE s.v., no. 5; Bengtson, Strategie, 1:181–83;

Schober, Gesch. Babyloniens, pp. 85, 89–90.

55. HORISMOS, son of Damasistratos, of Elaia

― 394 ―

Sources . Schede, AM 44 (1919):7–8, no. 5 I (= SEG, 1, no. 356).

Career . Horismos was honored by the Samians for the goodwill he showed

towards them when they were in exile (before 322 B.C. ), and more specifically after

their return, when he was an officer of King Demetrios. The use of the royal title dates

the inscription after 306; the reference to the exile of the Samians indicates that it

belongs still in the fourth century; hence Horismos was in Antigonid employ ca. 306–

301.

Further reading . P. Schoch, RE suppl. 4 s.v.

56. IDOMENEUS, Greek?

Sources . Diodoros XIX 57,4, and cf. 58,4–5; 61, 5; 62, 7; 64, 5–7.

Career . Idomeneus was sent by Antigonos as ambassador to Rhodes in 314

(with Moschion, no. 75 below) to request the Rhodians to build warships for

Antigonos. He was successful, the Rhodians agreeing to build ships from timber

imported into Rhodes by Antigonos, and a considerable number were actually built

(Diod. XIX 58,4–5; 61, 5; 62, 7; 64, 5–7). Idomeneus' mission was an important one;

his standing in Antigonos's service was clearly high, and as ambassador to the free

republic of Rhodes, he was most probably a Greek.

Further reading . J. Sundwall, RE s.v., no. 3; Olshausen, Prosopographie, no. 70.

57. IOLAOS, son of K—–, Macedonian

Sources . IG II

561, and cf. Diodoros XX 46.4.

Career . A fragmentary Athenian inscription honors two men who are described

as former bodyguards (somatophylakes ) of King Alexander, presently serving under

Antigonos, in which capacity they have in some way benefited Athens. Iolaos is one of

the two men (the other is Philippos, no. 93 below), evidently a Macedonian both from

his name and his former position under Alexander. The term somatophylax was used

under Alexander the Great to designate a small group of very high-ranking officers

who formed a sort of personal staff of the king. We are fairly well informed of the men

who held this office by Arrian, and Iolaos and Philippos are not mentioned among

them. For this reason Habicht, Burstein, and Heckel (below) have conjectured that

these two men were somatophylakes of the boy-king Alexandros IV.

With this conclusion I cannot agree. The child Alexandros IV had no need of a

personal staff of this sort, and the existence of such somatophylakes is never

recorded for him. The term somatophylax was

― 395 ―

also used to describe the actual bodyguards of Alexander the Great, the first, or royal,

taxis (1,000 strong) of the Hypaspists (see, e.g., Arrian Anab. III 17,2; IV 3,2 and

30,3; and cf. Berve, 1:123–25). It is doubtless in this sense that we should take the

term in this inscription, and should infer that Philippos and Iolaos were officers of the

Hypaspists under Alexander the Great. Iolaos, mentioned second, is likely to have

been the more junior of the two. Of his patronymic, which was nine letters long, only

the first is preserved (K ). It would seem that about 307/6 (the inscription does not

appear to use the royal title for Antigonos), Iolaos was serving in Antigonos's personal

entourage, and perhaps made himself useful to the Athenian embassy which visited

Antigonos about that time (Diod. XX 46,4). Nothing further seems to be known of him

under either Alexander or Antigonos.

Further reading . P. Schoch, RE suppl. 4 s.v., no. 5a; Habicht, in Akten VI Kongr.

Epig., p. 373 n. 35; Burstein, ZPE 24 (1977):223–25; Heckel, ZPE 40 (1980):249–50;

id., ZPE 44 (1981):75–77.

58. KLEOCHARES, son of Pytheas, Macedonian from Amphipolis

Sources. IG XII.9 199; also IG II

559 + IG XII suppl., p. 178.

Career . Kleochares was honored with proxeny by the Eretrians. The context is

made clear by lines 3–5, where he is described as a friend of "the kings" who has

displayed goodwill towards the generals of the Greeks, and to the Eretrians in

particular. Mention of "the kings" (i.e., Antigonos and Demetrios) and "the generals of

the Greeks" (i.e., of the Hellenic League) effectively dates the inscription to 303-302,

after Demetrios had established the Hellenic League. Kleochares was clearly an officer

in the army with which Demetrios liberated Greece from Kassandros in 304-302, and

it is as such that he showed goodwill to the Eretrians. He may also have been honored

by Athens at about the same time (IG II

559 + IG XII suppl., p. 178).

Further reading . P. Schoch, RE s.v., no. 3; I. Tsuntas, AE, 1887, p. 80, no. 2.

59. KLEON, son of Kleon, of Erythrai

Sources. IG VII 5.

Career . Kleon was an officer of Demetrios honored by the Megarians with

proxeny. Since the King Demetrios concerned is to be identified as Demetrios

Poliorketes (see Urban below), the activity of Kleon as an Antigonid officer should be

placed in 304–302, during Demetrios's campaign to liberate Greece. See further no.

140 below on the nature and date of this decree and related inscriptions.

― 396 ―

Further reading . Urban, Wachstum und Krise des Achaiischen Bundes, pp. 66–70.

60. KRATEROS, son of Krateros, Macedonian

Sources . Plutarch Mor. 25of–253a; 486a; Phlegon Miracula 32; Polyainos II 29,

1; Frontinus Strategemata III 6,7; Th. Homolle, BCH 21 (1897):598ff. (and cf. Pliny

NH XXXIV 64; Athenaios XV 696e); see also Diodoros XVIII 18,7; XIX 59,3; Plutarch

Demetrios 14.

Career . The famous Krateros, son of Alexandros, who was one of Alexander the

Great's top generals and died in battle against Eumenes of Kardia in 320 (cf. Berve,

no. 446; F. Geyer, RE suppl. 4 s.v., no. 1a), was married in the winter of 322/21 to

Phila, the daughter of Antipatros (Diod. XVIII 18,7). After Krateros's death and the

conference of Triparadeisos in 320, Phila was married off by Antipatros to Demetrios,

the son of Antigonos Monophthalmos (Diod. XIX 59,3; Plut. Dem. 14), who had by her

his son Antigonos Gonatas (b. 319). Krateros, son of Krateros, was a half-brother of

Antigonos Gonatas (Plut. Mor. 486a; Phlegon Mir. 32) and was hence the son of

Krateros and Phila born about 320, perhaps shortly before the death of his father. He

was evidently raised by his mother and step-father (Demetrios) at the Antigonid

court, and remained throughout his life a loyal friend and supporter of his half-

brother, Antigonos Gonatas (Plut. Mor. 25of–253a; 486a; Poly. II 29, 1; Front. Strat.

III 6,7; and cf. Tarn, below).

As a youth at the Antigonid court in the last quarter of the fourth century,

Krateros must have received his military and administrative education in the

Antigonid service in the years 305–301, when he would have been about 15–19 years

old. No information is preserved on his service, but he would have been used as an

officer by Antigonos and Demetrios (as was Demetrios's 18-year-old brother-in-law

Pyrrhos at the battle of Ipsos: Plut. Pyrrhos 4). Krateros was from a great aristocratic

family of the Macedonian canton Orestis (Arrian Ind. 18,5), and his father was one of

the greatest men of his day; he himself was later Gonatas's right-hand man in

Greece, and hence we can be sure that his training would not have been skimped.

That he was instructed fully on the career of his own father can be seen from his

dedication at Delphi of a monument depicting his father and Alexander hunting a lion,

which his father had vowed to dedicate but did not live to do. Krateros presumably

dedicated this piece at the end of the fourth or early in the third century (see

Homolle, BCH 21 (1897):598ff). He spent the years ca. 280 to his death ca. 260 as

Gonatas's governor in Greece, with his seat at Korinth. He apparently

― 397 ―

was the author of a compilation of Athenian decrees, indicating again the quality of

his education and that he shared his half-brother's literary interests (see FGrH, no.

342).

Further reading . F. Jacoby, RE s.v., no. 1; P. Schoch, RE s.v., no. 1; FGrH, no.

342; Tarn, Antigonos Gonatas, via index.

61. LEONIDAS, Macedonian

Sources . Curtius VII 2,35 (cf. Diodoros XVII 80,4; Justin XII 5,8); Polyainos IV

6,6; Diodoros XX 19,4; and cf. IG XI.4 161b, line 77.

Career . Polyainos records (IV 6,6) that in winter 320/19, near Kappadokia,

3,000 Macedonian infantry rebelled against Antigonos under the leadership of Olkias

(no. 83 below), seized certain strong hills in Lykaonia and began to ravage Lykaonia

and Phrygia. Fearing that this would provide an opportunity for his enemy Alketas,

Antigonos sent one of his generals, Leonidas, to approach these rebels as if himself

joining the rebellion. Gaining the confidence of the rebels, Leonidas led them down

into a plain where Antigonos was able to surround them with cavalry and force them

to surrender. He then put Leonidas in charge of them and ordered him to lead them

back to Macedon. This Leonidas, then, was evidently a Macedonian and a senior

officer in Antigonos's force, who must have seen service under Alexander. Berve

(below) plausibly identifies him with the Leonidas, a friend of Parmenion, who was

placed in command of a regiment of malcontents by Alexander after the execution of

Philotas and Parmenion (Curt. VII 2,35). He never appears again under Antigonos,

but it is possible the Leonidas who commanded Ptolemy's expeditionary force against

Kilikia Trachea in 310 (Diod. XX 19,4) could be the same man, having gone to

Ptolemy from Macedon. If so, Leonidas evidently had a mercurial career. At any rate,

it seems likely the Leonidas who dedicated a wreath at Delos in the Diadoch period

was this man (IG XI.4 161b, line 77).

Further reading . Stähelin, RE s.v., nos. 5 and 6; Berveno. 470.

62. LYKISKOS, son of T—–

Sources . IG II

471; SEG, 16, no. 60 (= Hesperia 7 [1938]:303–5, no. 27, and

ABSA 51 [1956]:6–8, no. 9).

Career . Two Athenian inscriptions attest to a certain Lykiskos, who seems to

have been an officer of the kings Antigonos and Demetrios ca. 306–301. The first (IG

471) is from the archonship of Koroibos (306/5), and was proposed by the noted

pro-Antigonid politician Stratokles to honor the oikeioi of Lykiskos (friends? relatives?)

for the goodwill they had shown to the Athenians while at the

― 398 ―

court of Antigonos and Demetrios and, more important, for fighting along with the

Athenian people, doubtless against Kassandros. The second inscription (SEG, 16, no.

60) is very fragmentary and has been heavily restored, partly on the basis of the first

inscription, but it evidently records honors for Lykiskos himself, first for having aided

refugees from a sea battle (that against Kleitos in the Hellespont during the Lamian

War, most probably), and, more immediately, for some sort of help or goodwill in, it

seems, 320/19 (see Stroud, below). Not enough remains of either inscription to

determine the exact nature of Lykiskos's service under the Antigonids, and nothing

more is known of him.

Further reading . R. S. Stroud, Hesperia 40 (1971):174, no. 25.

63. LYKON

Sources . Diodoros XIX 73,6.

Career . Lykon was an officer sent out by Antigonos in 312 with a fleet to aid the

city of Kallatis on the Black Sea in its struggle for freedom against Lysimachos.

Lykon's fleet was to have been aided by a land force under Pausanias (no. 87 below),

but this was intercepted and destroyed by Lysimachos. The ultimate fate, success or

failure, of Lykon and his fleet is not recorded (for a possible further testimony to this

expedition, see Naukasamas, no. 133 below).

Further reading . Hauben, Vlootbevelhebberschap, pp. 56–59.

64. LYSANIAS, Macedonian?

Sources . Diodoros XIX 29,2, and cf. Arrian Anab . I 2,1

Career . A cavalry commander under Antigonos in the war against Eumenes,

Lysanias is mentioned specifically at the battle of Paraitakene (316) as being in

charge of 400 lancers (xustophoroi ) who were drawn up with the cavalry on the left

wing under the overall command of Peithon, satrap of Media. It was a fairly important

command, of the sort one might expect to be entrusted to a senior Macedonian officer

(though not one of the first rank). Perhaps, then, one might identify this man with the

Lysanias who is mentioned once under Alexander (Arrian Anab. I 2,1) as having been

entrusted, together with a certain Philotas, with the task of escorting the booty of

Alexander's Thracian campaign (335) to the coast to be sold, though this identification

is at best only a possibility.