Battarbee R.W., Binney H.A. (Eds.) Natural Climate Variability and Global Warming: A Holocene Perspective

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Dirk Verschuren and Dan J. Charman

pronounced shift to wetter conditions at ca. ad 1250, terminating a warm and/or

dry Medieval Optimum with the onset of the most recent North Atlantic cool

event. Strong inverse correlations between British peat surface wetness and

moisture balance in central equatorial Africa at century time-scales over the past

5000 years suggest that North Atlantic cool episodes (not all of which are recorded

as drift-ice events) affected cross-equatorial heat transport and the mean position

of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. During the main phase of the Little Ice Age

(ca. ad 1550 to 1800) the current west-to-east gradient across equatorial Africa

from a humid climate in the west to a semi-arid climate in the east was reduced or

possibly reversed. This modiﬁcation of geographic climate patterns is a reﬂection

of the contrasting effects of external climate forcing, such as reduced solar output,

on rainfall advection onto the African continent from the equatorial Atlantic

and Indian Oceans, mediated respectively by events in the North Atlantic and

Paciﬁc Oceans.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the HOLIVAR Steering Committee for the oppor-

tunity to produce this overview of Holocene hydrologic variability across con-

tinents and time-scales, two anonymous referees for constructive criticism of

the draft manuscript, and the funding agencies which support our research on this

topic.

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