Carson Ph., Mumford C. Hazardous Chemicals Handbook (Справочник по опасным химическим веществам)

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Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK),

see

2-Butanone

-methyl formamide 8.4 5.25 0.065 0.2

Methyl formate 8.5 0.75 0.13 0.02

Methyl iodide 7.9 20.25 0.009 0.4

Methyl isoamyl ketone 8.6 20.25 0.6 0.04

Methyl isobutyl carbinol 8.7 20.25 0.053 0.25

Methyl isobutyl ketone,

see

Hexone

Methyl isocyanate 11.6 20.25 0.00003 0.6

Methyl isopropyl ketone 8.8 20.25 0.1 0.3

Methyl mercaptan 3.38 20.25 0.008 0.4

Methyl methacrylate 8.5 2.25 0.21 0.03

Methyl propyl ketone,

see

2-Pentanone

α-Methyl styrene 11.1 20.25 0.3 0.3

Monomethylaniline 7.9 20.25 0.007 0.2

Morpholine 9.0 20.25 0.05 0.2

Nickel carbonyl 4.86 20.25 0.0003 0.005

Nitric oxide (NO) 5.3 20.25 0.015 2.0

Nitrobenzene 11.8 20.25 0.005 0.2

Nitroethane 9.0 20.25 0.08 0.6

Nitrogen dioxide (NO

) 6.17 20.25 0.048 0.1

Nitrogen trifluoride 11.0 20.25 0.35 0.03

Nitromethane 9.3 20.25 0.056 0.9

Nitrotoluene 11.8 20.25 0.0076 0.7

Nitrotrichloromethane,

see

Chloropicrin

Nitrous oxide 4.50 20.25 0.3 0.07

Octane 3.4 0.75 0.40 0.02

Pentane 3.4 0.75 0.42 0.02

2-Pentanone 8.5 5.25 0.23 0.1

Perchloroethylene 10.9 5.25 0.63 0.05

Petroleum distillates 3.4 2.25 0.65 0.02

Phenyl ether-biphenyl mixture (vapour) 8.1 20.25 0.011 0.04

Phenylethylene,

see

Styrene

Phenylhydrazine 8.5 20.25 0.0029 0.9

Phosgene (carbonyl chloride) 11.8 20.25 0.0027 0.03

Phosphine 10.1 20.25 0.0003 1.0

Picric acid

(5)

Propane 3.35 2.25 0.79 0.03

-Propyl acetate 8.1 0.75 0.18 0.02

Propyl alcohol 9.4 9.75 0.39 0.2

-Propyl chloride 7.9 20.25 0.2 0.7

-Propyl nitrate 10.4 20.25 0.11 0.1

Propylene dichloride 9.8 20.25 0.12 0.3

Propylene oxide 12.0 20.25 0.32 0.3

Propyne,

see

Methyl acetylene

Pyridine 14.2 20.25 0.05 0.2

Quinone

(5)

Stoddard solvent 3.4 0.75 0.39 0.01

Styrene 11.0 12.75 0.16 0.2

Sulphur dioxide 8.6 20.25 0.003 0.5

Sulphur hexafluoride 10.7 0.75 0.7 0.02

Sulphuryl fluoride 11.5 20.25 0.10 0.04

Systox,

see

Demeton

(R)

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane (Freon 112) 9.7 0.75 0.19 0.06

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 8.3 20.25 0.014 0.2

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 10.4 20.25 0.4 0.2

Tetrachloroethylene,

see

Perchloroethylene

Tetrachloromethane,

see

Carbon tetrachloride

Tetrahydrofuran 9.2 9.75 0.47 0.2

Tetryl

(5)

Toluene 13.7 6.75 0.38 0.5

-Toluidine 13.5 20.25 0.029 0.5

Toxaphene,

see

Chlorinated camphene

Tributyl phosphate 10.7 20.25 0.020 0.3

1,1,1-Trichloroethane,

see

Methyl chloroform

1,1,2-Trichloroethane 11.8 5.25 0.27 0.1

Trichloroethylene 12.4 20.25 0.16 0.4

Trichloromethane,

see

Chloroform

1,2,3-Trichloropropane 8.4 0.75 0.46 0.02

1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane (Freon 113) 9.3 20.25 0.077 0.3

Trifluoromonobromoethane (Freon 13B1) 8.3 0.75 1.5 0.03

2,4,6-Trinitrophenol,

see

Picric acid

2,4,6-Trinitrophenylmethyl-nitramenine,

see

Tetryl

Turpentine 3.4 2.25 0.13 0.02

Vinyl benzene,

see

Styrene

Vinyl acetate 8.1 20.25 0.37 0.02

Vinyl bromide 10.85 20.25 0.096 0.4

Vinyl chloride 10.9 20.25 0.0017 0.3

Vinyl cyanide,

see

Acrylonitrile

Vinylidene chloride 9.18 20.25 0.24 0.1

Vinyl toluene 11.1 20.25 0.2 0.4

Xylene (xylol) 12.6 20.25 0.33 0.6

Xylidene 7.2 20.25 0.056 0.2

Table 10.17 Cont’d

Compound Analytical Path length

(m)

(2)

Absorbence

(3)

Minimum Detectable

Wavelength

(µm)

(1)

Concentration

(ppm)

(4)

(20 metre cell)

(1)

The analytical wavelength has usually been chosen as that of the strongest band in the spectrum which is free from interference due to atmospheric water and

. If more than one infra-red absorbing material is present in the air in significant concentration, the use of another analytical wavelength may be necessary.

(2)

Path lengths are chosen to optimize readings at the exposure limits. All measurements were made using a 1 mm slit.

(3)

Equivalent to the OSHA limit. Absorbance less than the tabulated value indicates concentrations below the exposure limits regardless of the presence of interfering

compounds.

(4)

The concentration that would produce an absorbance equal to the peak-to-peak noise of the instrument.

(5)

Solid or vapour pressure too low for analysis.

(6)

Difficult to obtain commercially.

342 MONITORING TECHNIQUES

Table 10.18(a) Substances for which colour detector tubes are available from one supplier (Drager) – short-term tubes

Substance Measuring range

Acetaldehyde 0.2–5 ppm

10–150 ppm

100–1000 ppm

Acetic acid 1 –15 ppm

20–320 ppm

Acetic anhydride 20 –320 ppm

Acetone 100–12 000 ppm

Acetonitrile 40–1000 ppm

Acetylene 25 –300 ppm

100–2500 ppm

500–3000 ppm

Acrolein 0.1 –10 ppm

Acrylonitrile 0.5 –20 ppm

5–30 ppm

25–250 ppm

Alcohols (general) 25–5000 ppm

100–3000 ppm

Aliphatic hydrocarbons (bp 50–200°C) 2–23 mg/l

Allyl propyl disulphide *

Amines (general) *

Aminobutane *

Aminoethanol 0.5–6 ppm

1-Aminopropane 2–30 ppm

5–60 ppm

2-Aminopropane 2–30 ppm

5–60 ppm

Ammonia 0.25 –3 ppm

2–30 ppm

2.5–100 ppm

5–700 ppm

500–100 000 ppm

iso-Amyl acetate 200 –1000 ppm

-Amyl acetate 200 –1000 ppm

Aniline 0.5 –10 ppm

1–20 ppm

-Anisidine 1 –20 ppm

Antimony hydride 0.05–3 ppm

Arsenic trioxide/pentoxide 0.2 mg/m

Arsine 0.05 –60 ppm

Aziridine 0.25 –3 ppm

Benzene 0.5 –10 ppm

2–60 ppm

5–50 ppm

15–420 ppm

Benzyl chloride 0.2–8 ppm

1–15 ppm

Biphenyl ether *

bis (2-Chloromethyl) ether *

bis (Dimethylaminoethyl) ether *

Bromine 0.2 –30 ppm

50–500 ppm

Bromobenzene 10–500 ppm

Bromochlorodifluoromethane *

Bromochloromethane 30 –350 ppm

1-Bromo-2-chloropropane *

Bromoethane 20–200 ppm

40–400 ppm

Bromomethane 20 –200 ppm

40–400 ppm

500–25 000 ppm

Butadiene 1 –60 ppm

50–1000 ppm

100–1200 ppm

iso-Butane 100–1000 ppm

-Butane 100–8000 ppm

Butane thiol *

iso-Butanol 40–1000 ppm

-Butanol 30–50 ppm

100–5000 ppm

Butan-2-one 100–12 000 ppm

Buten-2-al *

2-Butoxyethanol *

2-Butoxyethyl acetate *

-Butyl acetate 200–3000 ppm

Butyl acrylate *

-Butylamine 5 –60 ppm

0.075–15 vol %

Butyl chloroformate *

-Butylethylamine *

Butyl glycol *

Butyl mercaptan *

Butyl methacrylate *

-tert-Butyl toluene *

iso-Butyraldehyde *

-Butyraldehyde *

Calcium chromate *

Carbonization untreated gases *

Carbon dioxide 100–3000 ppm

0.01–0.3 vol %

0.1–6 vol %

0.5–10 vol %

1–20%

5–60%

Carbon disulphide 3–95 ppm

2.5–120 ppm

0.1–60 mg/l

Carbon monoxide 2 –300 ppm

5–250 ppm

5–700 ppm

8–150 ppm

10–3000 ppm

0.001–0.3 vol %

0.3–7 vol %

Carbonyl sulphide *

Carbon tetrachloride 1 –15 ppm

5–50 ppm

Chlorine 0.2 –30 ppm

50–500 ppm

Chlorine anhydrate *

Chlorine dioxide 0.1 –1.5 ppm

Chloroacetic acid 2 –30 ppm

Chloroacetyl chloride *

Chlorobenzene 5–200 ppm

2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene 5 –90 ppm

Table 10.18(a) Cont’d

Substance Measuring range

TOXIC PARTICULATES 343

344 MONITORING TECHNIQUES

1-Chlorobutane 10–60 ppm

2-Chlorobutane 10–60 ppm

Chlorobromomethane *

4-Chlorobutryl chloride 0.5 –4.5 ppm

Chlorodifluoromethane *

1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane *

Chloroethane 5–50 ppm

2-Chloroethanol *

Chloroform 2 –10 ppm

Chloroformates 0.2 –10 ppm

-Chlorophenol *

Chloropicrin 1–15 ppm

Chloroprene 5 –90 ppm

o,m

-Chlorotoluene 5–50 ppm

50–400 ppm

Chromates (alkali) *

Coke oven gas *

Cresol 0.8 –16 ppm

Crotonaldehyde *

Crude petroleum *

Cumeme 30–400 ppm

50–400 ppm

100–1800 ppm

Cyanides (Na, K, Ca) 2–15 mg/m

Cyanogen chloride 0.25–5 ppm

Cyclohexane 100 –1500 ppm

Cyclohexanol *

Cyclohexanone 25–100 ppm

Cyclohexene *

Cyclohexylamine 2–30 ppm

Cyclopentadiene *

Cyclopentane 100–1500 ppm

Cyclopropane 100–1500 ppm

Decane 10–200 ppm

Decene 10–200 ppm

Dementon *

Denmenton methyl *

1,2-Diaminoethane 0.5–12 ppm

Diaminotoluene *

Dibenzylamine 0.25–3 ppm

5–60 ppm

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 5 –50 ppm

Dibromofluoromethane *

1,2-Dibromoethane 5–50 ppm

Dibutylamine 2.5–30 ppm

Dibutylether 100–4000 ppm

-Dichlorobenzene *

1,4-Dichlorobut-2-ene *

Dichlorodiisopropyl ether *

Dichlorodimethyl ether *

1,2-Dichloroethane 10 –100 ppm

1,1-Dichloroethylene 0.38–3 ppm

1,2-Dichloroethylene 7.5–75 ppm

Dichlorodifluoromethane *

1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane *

Dichlorofluoromethane *

Dichloromethane 10–2000

Table 10.18(a) Cont’d

Substance Measuring range

3,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-pentachloropropane *

1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-pentachloropropane *

Dichloroprene *

1,2-Dichloropropane 50 –100 ppm

1,3-Dichloropropene 5–50 ppm

1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane *

2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane *

1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane *

Dichlorotoluene *

Dicyclopentadiene 1.5 –15 mg/m

Diesel *

Diethanolamine *

Diethylamine 5–60 ppm

0.05–10 vol %

2-Diethylaminoethanol 0.5–10 ppm

Diethylbenzene *

Diethylcarbonate *

Diethylene dioxide 12.5 –175 ppm

Diethylene glycol *

Diethylenediamine 5 –60 ppm

Diethylenetriamine *

Diethyl ether 10 –4000 ppm

Diethyl sulphate *

Diethyl sulphide 0.1 –1.5 ppm

Difluorobromomethane *

Diisobutylene 2.5–30 ppm

Diisobutyl ketone *

Diisopropanolamine *

Diisopropylamine *

Dimethoxyethane *

Dimethoxymethane *

Dimethyl acetamide 100–400 ppm

Dimethylamine 0.25–6 ppm

5–60 ppm

Dimethylaminoacetonitrile *

Dimethylaminopropylamine 5 –60 ppm

-Dimethylaniline *

2,5-Dimethylanisole *

-Dimethylbenzylamine *

1,3-Dimethyl butylacetate *

Dimethylcyclohexylamine 5–60 ppm

Dimethylethanolamine 5–60 ppm

Dimethylether *

Dimethylethylamine 0.2–2 ppm

5–60 ppm

Dimethylformamide 100 –400 ppm

2,6-Dimethylheptane-4-one *

2,4-Dimethyl hexane *

3,3-Dimethyl hexane *

1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine 0.25–3 ppm

5–70 ppm

Dimethylisopropylamine 15–70 ppm

N,N

′

-Dimethylpiperazine *

Dimethyl sulphate 0.005–0.05 ppm

Dimethyl sulphide 1–15 ppm

4,7-Dimethylundecane *

1,4-Dioxane 12.5–175 ppm

Table 10.18(a) Cont’d

Substance Measuring range

TOXIC PARTICULATES 345

346 MONITORING TECHNIQUES

1,3-Dioxolan *

Dipentene *

Dipropylamine *

Dipropylether 100–4000 ppm

Dipropylglycol methyl ether *

Di-sec octyl phthalate 10–20 mg/m

Disulphoton *

Dodecane 50–400 ppm

Dodecene *

Epichlorohydrin 5–50 ppm

2,3-Epoxy-1-chloropropane *

1,2-Epoxypropane *

Ethanethiol 0.1 –20 ppm

Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) 25 –2000 ppm

100–3000 ppm

0.5–5.2 vol %

Ethanolamine 0.5–6 ppm

Ether 100 –4000 ppm

2-Ethoxyethanol *

2-Ethoxyethyl acetate 50 –700 ppm

Ethyl acetate 200–3000 ppm

Ethyl acrylate 5 –300 ppm

Ethylamine 5 –60 ppm

Ethylamyl ketone *

Ethyl benzene 5–300 ppm

30–600 ppm

Ethyl bromide 20 –200 ppm

40–400 ppm

Ethyl bromoacetate *

Ethyl chloride 5 –50 ppm

Ethylene 0.1 –5 ppm

50–2500 ppm

0.5–2 vol %

Ethylene bromide 5–50 ppm

Ethylene chlorohydrin *

Ethylene diamine 0.5–12 ppm

Ethylene dibromide 1 –50 ppm

5–50 ppm

Ethylene glycol 10 –180 mg/m

Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether 50 –500 ppm

Ethylene glycol dinitrate *

Ethylene glycol monobutylether *

Ethylene glycol monoethylether *

Ethylene glycol monoethylether acetate 50 –700 ppm

Ethylene glycol monomethylether *

Ethyleneimine *

Ethylene oxide 1 –15 ppm

25–500 ppm

Ethyl ether 100 –4000 ppm

Ethyl formate *

Ethyl glycol *

Ethyl glycol acetate 50 –700 ppm

2-Ethyl-1-hexanol *

Ethyl hexylacrylate *

2-Ethylhexylamine *

Ethylidene dicycloheptene *

Ethyl lactate *

Table 10.18(a) Cont’d

Substance Measuring range

Ethyl mercaptan 0.1 –20 ppm

Ethyl methacrylate *

Ethyl morpholine *

Ethyl vinyl ether 20–300 ppm

Exxsol D40 *

Fenthion *

Fluorine 0.1–2 ppm

Fluorodichloromethane *

Formaldehyde 0.04–25 ppm

2–40 ppm

Formic acid 1 –15 ppm

Furfural *

Furfuryl alcohol *

Furfurylamine *

Gasoline *

Glycerol trinitrate *

Glycidol *

Glycol dinitrate *

Heptane 7 –2100 ppm

200–600 ppm

500–1000 ppm

2-Heptanone *

Heptene 10–1000 ppm

1,2,3,4,4-hexachlor-1,3-butadiene *

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 1–50 ppm

Hexamethylene diamine *

Hexane 5 –150 ppm

100–3000 ppm

Hexene 5 –60 ppm

Hexone 1300–15 600 ppm

sec-Hexyl actetate *

Hexylene glycol *

Hydrazine 0.05–0.6 ppm

0.1–10 ppm

Hydrobromic acid 0.5 –10 ppm

Hydrocarbons (general) 0.1–1.3 vol %

2–28 mg/l

Hydrochloric acid 1–20 ppm

50–5000 ppm

Hydrocyanic acid 2 –150 ppm

Hydrofluoric acid 1.5 –60 ppm

Hydrogen 0.2 –2 vol %

0.5–3 vol %

Hydrogen bromide *

Hydrogen peroxide 0.1–3 ppm

Hydrogen sulphide 0.02–6 ppm

0.05–150 ppm

0.2–5 ppm

0.2–16 ppm

1–60 ppm

1–200 ppm

5–600 ppm

100–2000 ppm

0.2–7 vol %

2–40 vol %

Iron pentacarbonyl *

Isoamyl alcohol *

Table 10.18(a) Cont’d

Substance Measuring range

TOXIC PARTICULATES 347

348 MONITORING TECHNIQUES

Isobutyl acetate *

Isobutyl acrylate *

Isooctyl nitrate *

Isopar G 150 –1000 ppm

Isopentane 10 –50 ppm

Isoprene 10–30 ppm

Isopropanol 15 –40 ppm

50–4000 ppm

100–3000 ppm

Isopropenyl benzene 10 –50 ppm

Isopropyl acetate 200–3000 ppm

Isopropylamine 2 –30 ppm

5–60 ppm

Isopropyl ether 100–4000 ppm

Isopropylnitrate *

Kerosene *

Limonene *

Mercaptans (general) 0.5 –5 ppm

20–1000 ppm

Mercury 0.01–2 mg/m

Mesityl oxide 25–500 ppm

Mesitylene 10 –100 ppm

Methacrylic acid 1 –15 ppm

Methane thiol 0.1 –20 ppm

Methane *

Methanol 25 –5000 ppm

100–3000 ppm

2-Methoxyethanol *

2-Methoxyethyl acetate *

1-Methoxy-2-propanol 50 –200 ppm

2-Methoxy-1-propanol *

1-Methoxy-2-propylacetate 50 –200 ppm

2-Methoxy-1-propylacetate *

Methoxypropylamine *

Methoxy propoxy propanol *

Methyl acetate 200–3000 ppm

Methyl acetylene *

Methyl acrylate 5–200 ppm

Methyl allyl chloride *

Methylamine 5–60 ppm

2-Methylaminoethanol *

Methyl-

-amyl ketone *

Methylated spirits *

Methyl bromide 3–100 ppm

5–50 ppm

Methyl cellosolve *

Methyl cellosolve acetate *

Methyl chloroacetate *

Methyl chloroform 10–600 ppm

Methyl cyclohexane 200 –3000 ppm

2-Methyl cyclohexane-2-one *

Methyl cyclopentane *

-Methyldiethanolamine *

-Methyldiethylamine 5 –60 ppm

Methylene chloride 10–2000 ppm

Methyl ethyl ketone 100–12 000 ppm

Methyl ethyl sulphide *

Table 10.18(a) Cont’d

Substance Measuring range